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Resin Additives—Spices for Polymers

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A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 9455

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuchuan Li

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Guest Editor

School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: design, synthesis and application of special materials; organic synthesis and process optimization; energetic materials; synthetic methodology; new green materials (such as resin additives)

Prof. Dr. Meishuai Zou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: high performance polyurethane damping and noise reducing material in complex environment; highly reactive metal materials; hydrogen energy materials; water reactive metal fuel propellant materials; energetic materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We have been asked by the Editor of Polymers (MDPI) to coordinate a Special Issue entitled “Resin Additives—Spices for Polymers”.

This Special Issue is based on the general development trend of polymer materials, which is increasingly high-performance, composite, refined, intelligent and green. Adding resin additives (such as antioxidants, antistatic agents, foaming agents, flame retardants, lubricating oils, impact modifiers, plasticizers, colorants, fillers, etc.) to the polymer to improve the performance of the resin is a very effective means to achieve the above goals.

This Special Issue focuses on the design, synthesis and application of all new resin additives (such as resin additives with the advantages of high efficiency, good compatibility, good durability, high chemical stability, green environmental protection, non-toxic, low price, etc.), polymer modification technology and process control improvement means to improve the polymer's own performance, processing performance, molding performance, stability, and realizing the multi-function of its products, improving its use value, prolonging life and giving other special effects.

Considering your prominent contribution in this interesting research field, I would like to cordially invite you to submit a paper to this Special Issue through the webpage of the journal (S.I. Resin Additives—Spices for Polymers). The submitted manuscripts will then be fast track reviewed. I would very much appreciate it if you could let me know of your interest in the paper contribution at your earliest convenience. Research articles, review articles, perspectives, as well as communications and letters are also invited.

The article requirements in the Special Issue are the same as those in the general issue.

Dr. Yuchuan Li
Prof. Dr. Meishuai Zou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

resin additive
plastic additive
polymer
polymer alloy
antioxidant
antistatic agent
blowing agent
flame retardant
lubricant
impact modifier
plasticizer
coloring agent
filling material

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Phosphoric Acid on the Flame Retardancy and Interfacial Adhesion of Carbon Fiber with Thermoplastic Resin PA6

by Gyungha Kim and Daeup Kim

Polymers 2025, 17(3), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17030381 - 30 Jan 2025

Viewed by 797

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of phosphoric acid treatment on carbon fibers to enhance their flame retardancy, the impact of carbon fiber surface treatment conditions on the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and PA6, and the chemical reaction mechanisms on the carbon fiber surface. Phosphoric acid treatment resulted in a flame-retardant effect, with a limited oxygen index of over 52.8%, and V0 level flame retardancy characteristics in the UL-94 test when the concentration exceeded 0.5 vol.%. When the treatment time was fixed at 30 min, the tensile strength increased by approximately 2%, and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) increased by approximately 11% at 0.5 vol.% phosphoric acid, accompanied by an increase in hydroxyl (C–O), carbonyl (C=O), phosphate (P–O), and phosphoryl (P=O) groups. However, at concentrations higher than 0.5 vol.%, the tensile strength decreased by approximately 90%, and the IFSS decreased by approximately 12%, compared to the untreated nonwoven fabric. When the treatment time was varied at 0.5 vol.% phosphoric acid, both the tensile strength and IFSS increased continuously up to 10 min, with a 31% increase in tensile strength and a 17% increase in IFSS, along with an increase in O=C–O, P–O, and P=O groups, as well as surface energy. After 10 min, the tensile strength decreased by approximately 20%, while the IFSS and surface energy remained relatively unchanged. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resin Additives—Spices for Polymers)

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20 pages, 3561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of the Fracture Resistance of 3D-Printed and Prefabricated Artificial Teeth for Removable Dentures

by Mariya Dimitrova, Rada Kazakova and Angelina Vlahova

Polymers 2024, 16(23), 3381; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233381 - 30 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1249

Abstract

The integration of three-dimensional (3D) printed resin denture teeth represents a significant advancement in digital dentistry. This study aims to assess the ability of 3D-printed denture teeth to withstand chipping and indirect tensile fractures, comparing them with conventionally manufactured resin denture teeth. Four groups, each comprising 30 specimens, were examined: Group 1 featured 3D-printed denture teeth (NextDent, 3D Systems, Soesterberg, The Netherlands), while the others included commercially obtained Ivostar Shade, SpofaDent Plus, and Major Super Lux teeth. Stereolithography 3D printing was utilized to produce methacrylate-based photopolymerized resin teeth models for Group 1, while the remaining groups were commercially sourced. Chipping and indirect tensile fracture tests were performed at a rate of 0.8 mm/min until material failure, offering valuable insights into the mechanical properties of the tested denture teeth. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), coupled with Tukey’s honestly significant difference test to compare multiple groups, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. The findings showed that 3D-printed resin denture teeth exhibited greater indirect tensile fracture resistance than Major Super Lux and Ivostar Shade, though they were surpassed by SpofaDent Plus. In the chipping test, the 3D-printed teeth experienced buccal chipping without distortion, indicating their structural stability under localized force. Fractures during the indirect tensile test originated near the loading point and extended cervically along the inner slopes of both cusps, displaying consistent fracture patterns. These results demonstrate that 3D-printed denture teeth made from resin materials provide adequate fracture resistance for clinical use, although further refinement of materials could enhance their performance relative to conventional alternatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resin Additives—Spices for Polymers)

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13 pages, 7158 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ion Release and Apatite Formation of Resin Based Pit and Fissure Sealants Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass

by Ji-Won Choi, A Ruem Han and Song-Yi Yang

Polymers 2024, 16(13), 1855; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16131855 - 28 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1176

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a resin based pit and fissure sealant containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) by examining its ion release, pH variation, and apatite-forming properties. To prepare the experimental materials, 45S5 BAG, used as a filler, was incorporated into the light curable resin matrix at concentrations of 0 (control), 12.5, 37.5, and 50.0 wt.%. Ion release, pH variation, and apatite formation (Raman spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry measurements) were performed. While no ions were released from the control group, the experimental groups containing 45S5 BAG showed an increased release of Ca and P ions with increasing amounts of 45S5 BAG (p < 0.05). The pH of the experimental group remained high and was significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05). Unlike the control group, it was confirmed that the apatite peak was formed in the 50.0 wt.% BAG group for 90 days, and the apatite layer consisting of Ca and P was deposited on the surface. Thus, a resin based pit and fissure sealant containing 45S5 BAG is a promising material for preventing secondary caries by releasing ions and forming apatite. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resin Additives—Spices for Polymers)

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16 pages, 5802 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation and Desalination of Semi-Aromatic Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membranes (ROMs)

by Haiyang Zhu, Bingbing Yuan and Yuchuan Li

Polymers 2023, 15(7), 1683; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071683 - 28 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2508

Abstract

Reverse osmosis membrane (ROM) technology has a series of advantages, such as a simple process, no secondary pollution, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, and good separation and purification effects. High-performance semi-aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes (ROMs) were prepared by interfacial polymerization (IP) of novel cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride (CPTC) and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) monomers. The surface morphology, hydrophilicity and charge of the ROMs were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a contact angle tester and a solid-surface zeta potential analyzer. The effects of CPTC concentration, MPD concentration, oil-phase solvent type, IP reaction time and additive concentration on the performance of semi-aromatic polyamide ROMs were studied. SEM morphology characterization showed that the surface of the prepared polyamide ROMs presented a multinodal structure. The performance test showed that when the concentration of MPD in the aqueous phase was 2.5 wt.%, the concentration of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was 0.2%, the residence time in the aqueous phase was 2 min, the concentration of CPTC/cyclohexane in the oil phase was 0.13 wt.%, the IP reaction was 20 s, the NaCl rejection rate of the semi-aromatic polyamide ROM was 98.28% and the flux was 65.38 L/m²·h, showing good desalination performance. Compared with an NF 90 commercial membrane, it has a good anti-BSA pollution ability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resin Additives—Spices for Polymers)

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18 pages, 4746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Flame Retardant Properties of High-Strength Microcellular Flame Retardant/Polyurethane Composite Elastomers

by Xiaoxia Wu, Xudong Zhang, Jingpeng Wu, Xiaodong Li, Hao Jiang, Xing Su and Meishuai Zou

Polymers 2022, 14(23), 5055; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235055 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2353

Abstract

Flame retardants (FRs) often reduce the mechanical properties of polymer materials, and FR/microcellular polyurethane elastomer (MPUE) composite materials have not been systemically studied. Hence, we conducted this study on FR/MPUE composites by using multiple liquid FRs and/or expandable graphite (EG). Compared with liquid flame retardants, the LOI of an expandable graphite/dimethyl methylphosphonate (EG/DMMP) (3:1) combination was significantly increased (~36.1%), and the vertical combustion grade reached V-0 without a dripping phenomenon. However, the corresponding tensile strength was decreased by 17.5%. With the incorporation of EG alone, although the corresponding LOI was not a match with that of DMMP/EG, there was no droplet phenomenon. In addition, even with 15 wt% of EG, there was no significant decline in the tensile strength. Cone calorimeter test results showed that PHRR, THR, PSPR, and TSR were significantly reduced, compared to the neat MPUE, when the EG content surpassed 10 wt%. The combustion process became more stable and thus the fire risk was highly reduced. It was found that flame retardancy and mechanical properties could be well balanced by adding EG alone. Our proposed strategy for synthesizing FR/MPUE composites with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties was easy, effective, low-cost and universal, which could have great practical significance in expanding the potential application fields of MPUEs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resin Additives—Spices for Polymers)

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