This paper presents the latest analyses and integrates results of many past studies on the spatial and temporal variations of the annual frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) making landfall along different areas of the East Asian (EA) c...
The aim of this technical note is to describe the Cycle 46 reference configuration of the HARMONIE-AROME convection-permitting numerical weather prediction model. HARMONIE-AROME is one of the canonical system configurations that is developed, maintai...
Adverse weather conditions impact mobility, safety, and the behavior of drivers on roads. In an average year, approximately 21% of U.S. highway crashes are weather-related. Collectively, these crashes result in over 5300 fatalities each year. As a pr...
Estimating precipitation is of critical importance to climate systems and decision-making processes. This paper presents Espresso, a deep learning model designed for estimating precipitation from satellite observations on a global scale. Conventional...
Although the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is more commonly studied in summer, its influence is also important in winter. In this study, the authors focused on the winter UHI in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and its impact on the urban population, as wel...
In atmospheric models, the representation of cloudiness is a direct linkage between the moisture amount and associated radiative forcing. This paper begins by providing a review of the parameterization of cloudiness that has been used for numerical w...
Just before making landfall in Puerto Rico, Hurricane Maria (2017) underwent a concentric eyewall cycle in which the outer convective ring appeared robust while the inner ring first distorted into an ellipse and then disintegrated. The present work o...
The reliability of extreme wind speed predictions at large mean recurrence intervals (MRI) is assessed by bootstrapping samples from representative known distributions. The classical asymptotic generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) and the gen...
El Niño is generally associated with negative rainfall anomalies (below-average rainfall) in northern Northeast Brazil (NNEB). In 2019, however, the opposite rainfall pattern was observed during an El Niño episode. Here, we explore the...
This study investigates the synoptic conditions associated with lake-effect snow (LES) over northwestern Pennsylvania with a focus on classifying cases based on the tracks of cyclones influencing the region, including Nor’easters (NEs), Alberta...
Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) cyclones around the Indian subcontinent cause widespread floods and other natural hazards. There is no single convincing answer to this puzzle in the era of global warming. The warming of the western and centr...
A seasonal climatology of the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) and the assessment of its observed trend since the beginning of the 21st century using the IMERG product are performed for South America (SA). Its high spatial–temporal resoluti...
This review discusses a simple family of models capable of simulating tropical cyclone life cycles, including intensification, the formation of the axisymmetric version of boundary layer shocks, and the development of an eyewall. Four models are disc...
Using a database of 378 hail days between 1981 and 2020, the climatic characteristics of 23 convective parameters from sounding data and ERA5 data were statistically analysed. The goal of this work is to evaluate the usefulness and representativeness...
Climate forecasting is essential for energy production, agricultural activities, transportation, and civil defense sectors, serving as a foundation for decision-making and risk management. This study addresses the challenge of accurately predicting e...
In addition to dynamic methods, purely statistical models, i.e., findings from the statistical analysis of the existing measured database, also play an important role in predicting the different characteristics of climate elements. In our article, we...
On the evening of 31 March 2019, Parsa and Bara Districts in central Nepal were severely hit by a wind storm which was the first documented tornadic incidence in Nepal.In this paper, we investigate the background of the tornado formation via numerica...
Regional climate models are a valuable tool for the study of the climate processes and climate change in polar regions, but the performance of the models has to be evaluated using experimental data. The regional climate model CCLM was used for simula...
Stratospheric dynamics are strongly affected by the absorption/emission of radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere and Rossby waves that propagate upward from the troposphere, perturbing the zonal flow. Reduced order models of stratospheric wave&nd...
We present a model evaluation of road weather forecasts in Norway with the METRo model in a quasi-operational setting. The road weather forecasts are initialized with measurements made by road weather stations and driven by mesoscale weather forecast...
Most damage to buildings across the contiguous United States, in terms of number and total cost, is caused by gusts in convective events associated with thunderstorms. Their assessment relies on the integrity of meteorological observations. This stud...
Cyclone Mocha, classified as an Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS), followed an unusual northeastward trajectory while exhibiting a well-defined eyewall structure. It experienced rapid intensification (RI) before making landfall along the Myanmar...
Tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability, mainly driven by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), influences the atmospheric circulation and hence the transport of heat and chemical species in both the troposphere and stratos...
On 15 September 2022, a flood affected the Marche region, an Italian region that faces the Adriatic Sea. Unlike previous floods that affected the same area, no typical weather system, such as cyclones or synoptic fronts, caused the recorded extreme p...
Idealized simulations with a cloud-resolving model are conducted to examine the impact of a simplified city on the structure of a supercell thunderstorm. The simplified city is created by enhancing the surface roughness length and/or surface temperat...
Near real-time aerosol fields from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Services (CAMS), operated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), are configured for use in the HARMONIE-AROME Numerical Weather Prediction model. Aer...
Intense rainfall events frequently occur in Brazil, often leading to rapid flooding. Despite their recurrence, there is a notable lack of sub-daily studies in the country. This research aims to assess patterns related to the structure and microphysic...
The Amazon Basin is the largest rainforest in the world, and studying the rainfall in this region is crucial for understanding the functioning of the entire rainforest ecosystem and its role in regulating the regional and global climate. This work is...
In the present work, a methodology for wind field reconstruction based on the Meteo Particle model (MPM) from numerical weather prediction (NWP) data is presented. The development of specific wind forecast services is a challenging research topic, in...
During the post-monsoon cyclone season, the landfalls of westward-moving cyclonic systems often lead to extreme rainfall over the east coast of the Indian peninsula. A stationary cyclonic system over the coast can produce heavy rainfall for several d...
Climatological variables undergo changes over time, and it is important to understand such dynamic changes at global, regional, and local levels. While global and regional studies are common in the study of climate, such studies at a local level are...
Tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause severe wind and rain hazards. Unusual TC tracks and their extreme precipitation forecasts have become two difficult problems faced by conventional models of primitive equations. The case study in this paper finds tha...
This study analyzed the correlation between climate indices—El Niño–Southern Oscillation (NINO34), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Antarctic Oscillation (AOC), Sea Surface Temperature in the southwestern Atlantic (ISSTRG2 + RG3),...
Probabilistic prediction models exist to reduce surprise about future events. This paper explores the evaluation of such forecasts when the event of interest is rare. We review how the family of Brier-type scores may be ill-suited to evaluate predict...
Beyond their deterministic predictability limits of ≈10 days and 6 months, the atmosphere and ocean become effectively stochastic. This has led to the development of stochastic models specifically for this macroweather regime. A particularly pr...
A machine learning (ML)-based methodology for predicting frosts was applied to the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil, as well as to other countries including Uruguay, Paraguay, northern Argentina, and southeastern Bolivia. The machine learn...
Cities are progressively heightening their climate aspirations to curtail urban carbon emissions and establish a future where economies and communities can flourish within the Earth’s ecological limits. Consequently, numerous climate initiative...
This research investigates the exposure of plant species to extreme drought events in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, employing an extensive dataset collected from 205 automatic weather stations across the region. Meteorological indicators derived fro...
Accurate atmospheric 3D wind observations are one of the top priorities for the global scientific community. To address this requirement, and to support researchers’ needs to acquire and analyze wind data from multiple sources, the System for A...
Four observational results: the intermittency of air temperature; its correlation with ozone photodissociation rate; the diurnal variation of ozone in the upper stratosphere; and the cold bias of meteorological analyses compared to observations, are...
Instead of using the traditional space-time Fourier analysis of filtered specific atmospheric fields, a normal-mode decomposition method was used to analyze South American intraseasonal variability (ISV). Intraseasonal variability was examined separa...
In this study, we evaluate aerosol, cloud, and radiation interactions in GFS.V17.p8 (Global Forecast System System Version 17 prototype 8). Two experiments were conducted for the summer of 2020. In the control experiment (EXP CTL), aerosols interact...
Liquid water path (LWP) is one of the most important cloud parameters and is crucial for global and regional climate modelling, weather forecasting, and modelling of the hydrological cycle and interactions between different components of the climate...
The importance of meteorological events is felt in everyday life and the critical impact of the weather on human activities has led to the development of the science of weather forecasting [...]
The twin problems of closure and dissipation have been barriers to the analytical solution of the Navier–Stokes equation for fluid flow by top-down methods for two centuries. Here, the statistical multifractal analysis of airborne observations...
A heuristic technique for tornado forecasting in the complex terrain of southern Wyoming is proposed for the weather sciences community. This novel approach is based on seasonal tornado climatology and observed mesoscale conditions obtained from in-s...
The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is widely used to determine drought severity worldwide. However, inconsistencies exist regarding its application in warm, humid tropical climatic zones. Originally developed for temperate regions with a cont...
We characterized the thermal load of a person walking and/or standing in the fog by analyzing the thermal resistance of clothing, rcl, and operative temperature, To. The rcl–To model applies to individuals using weather data. The body mass inde...
Better understanding of roll vortices that often occur in the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer is required to improve forecasts of TC intensification and the granularity of damaging surface winds. It is especially important to characterize rolls...
Gridded precipitation (PRP) data have been largely used in diagnostic studies on the climate variability in several time scales, as well as to validate model results. The three most used gauge-based PRP datasets are from the Global Precipitation Clim...
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