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Hot Deformation, Hydrogen Embrittlement and Weldability of Alloys: From Performance to Characterization

A Special Issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944) belonging to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2027 | Viewed by 181

Editor


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Digital Steel, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: steels; alloys; materials processing; mechanical properties; microstructure; mechanism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alloy materials, including ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, are widely applied in transportation, marine, energy and aerospace industries. Hot deformation behaviour, hydrogen embrittlement and weldability are critical factors determining the service safety and long-term reliability of alloy structural components. This Special Issue aims to collect recent advances bridging macroscopic performance evaluation and microscopic characterization for alloy materials. It focuses on the mechanical response during hot forming, hydrogen-induced damage mechanisms, and the welding performance of various alloys. Original research, review articles and short communications covering performance testing, multi-scale microstructure characterization, failure analysis and predictive modelling are welcome. We expect to establish effective links between service performance and intrinsic microstructural features, providing fundamental support for the safety design and application of advanced engineering alloys.

Dr. Weina Zhang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • alloy materials
  • steel
  • hot deformation behaviour
  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • weldability
  • macroscopic performance
  • microscopic characterization
  • hydrogen-induced damage
  • multi-scale microstructure
  • predictive modelling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 17891 KB  
Article
The Effect of Cu-Rich Nano-Precipitation on Hydrogen Embrittlement Performance in a Cu-Bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steel
by Haitao Cui, Mengqi Wang, Yuan Gao, Zhanjie Gao, Haicheng Liang, Jinsong Liu and Weina Zhang
Materials 2026, 19(18), 3971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19183971 (registering DOI) - 18 Sep 2026
Viewed by 37
Abstract
A low-carbon Cu-bearing marine structural steel was fabricated based on the chemical composition of HSLA-100 steel. The microstructural evolution, variation in nanoscale Cu-rich precipitates, and their synergistic effects on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior under different tempering durations were systematically [...] Read more.
A low-carbon Cu-bearing marine structural steel was fabricated based on the chemical composition of HSLA-100 steel. The microstructural evolution, variation in nanoscale Cu-rich precipitates, and their synergistic effects on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior under different tempering durations were systematically investigated. The results showed that the original lath bainite gradually transformed into tempered bainite and equiaxed ferrite with a prolonged tempering time. The Vickers hardness exhibited a typical upward-then-downward trend and reached a peak value of 322 HV at the tempering time of 1 h. The average size of Cu-rich precipitates increased from 7.2 nm to 13.2 nm, while the number density rose rapidly and finally stabilized. The as-rolled sample exhibited the minimum plastic loss after hydrogen charging owing to the hydrogen-trapping effect of high-density tangled dislocations. Short-time tempering (0.5 h) generated fine Cu-rich precipitates with a weak hydrogen-trapping capacity and abundant mobile dislocations, resulting in severe HE deterioration. The optimal HE susceptibility was achieved after 1 h of tempering. Combined with our experimental microstructure-property results and previous published literature, this improvement is inferred to originate from the hydrogen-trapping effect of adequately grown Cu-rich precipitates, together with a substantial decrease in mobile dislocation density. Excessively long tempering (2 h) induced irreversible temper brittleness and grain boundary deterioration, which aggravated the hydrogen-induced plastic degradation. This work clarified the coupled regulation mechanism of the Cu precipitate morphology, dislocation configuration, and temper brittleness on the HE performance of low-carbon marine steel, providing a reliable theoretical basis for the process optimization and anti-hydrogen damage performance improvement of high-strength marine steels. Full article
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