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ICKEM2018 - Hierarchically Structured Materials (HSM)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2018) | Viewed by 22462

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 8th International Conference on Key Engineering Materials (ICKEM 2018) (http://www.ickem.org/) will be held, 16–18 March, 2018, at the Osaka International Convention Center, Osaka, Japan. This meeting will be organized by the International Association of Computer Science & Information Technology (IACSIT), and co-organized by the University [DM1] of the Ryukyus, Kyushu, and the Branch of the Society of Materials Science, Japan.

Previous ICKEM meetings were held in Sanya (China), Singapore, Kota Kinabalu (Malaysia), Bali (Indonesia), Singapore[DM2] , Hong Kong, and Penang (Malaysia), from 2011 to 2017. With the experience of running successful events in the ICKEM series over the past seven years, we are confident that 2018 will be an even greater success.

The purpose of the 8th International Conference on Key Engineering Materials is to bring together researchers, engineers and practitioners interested in the whole range of fields related to the materials that underpin modern technologies. Papers presenting original works are invited on the topics listed below.

  1. Biomaterials in Different Applications
  2. Novel Composite Materials in Vivid Applications
  3. Application of Novel Materials in Civil Engineering
  4. Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Technology
  5. Materials and Technologies in Environmental Engineering
  6. Studies on Corrosion, Coating, and Aspects of Chemical Engineering
  7. Electrical, Electronic, and Optoelectronic Materials: Synthesis and Applications
  8. Trends in the Development of Nanomaterials, Nanocomposites and Nanotechnology

For this edition of the ICKEM meeting, the conference chair, Professor Alexander M. Korsunsky from the University of Oxford, UK, proposed the topic of Hierarchically-Structured Materials (HSM) as the focal theme.

Natural and engineered materials that enjoy widespread successful use in highly-demanding applications are distinguished by multi-level hierarchical structuring across scales. Beginning with the chemical elements and molecular building blocks that form a material, inherent properties are determined using the intricate composite architectures found at the nano- and micro-scales, which govern macroscopic properties and performance.

A number of simulation frameworks have been put forward in order to model the material structure and behavior at each length scale under consideration. Similarly, a variety of techniques have been elaborated for experimental characterization and testing, with sensitivity and resolution appropriate for each length scale involved. While this view of multi-scale materials modelling and characterization is widely accepted and used, there are a number of conceptual, theoretical, and applied challenges that remain unresolved, e.g., rigorous definition of distinct structural scale, robust approach to the validation of multi-scale modelling frameworks, etc. In an attempt to advance our understanding in these areas, the conference chair has organized a workshop devoted to Hierarchically-Structured Materials (HSM), in which specific research results by conference participants will be presented and examined in the light of the framework outlined above. This volume will include contributions to this overarching theme from the conference chair, Professor Alexander M. Korsunsky, and his collaborators.

Prof. Alexander Korsunsky
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Biomaterials in Different Applications
  • Novel Composite Materials in Vivid Applications
  • Application of Novel Materials in Civil Engineering
  • Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Technology
  • Materials and Technologies in Environmental Engineering
  • Studies on Corrosion, Coating, and Aspects of Chemical Engineering
  • Electrical, Electronic, and Optoelectronic Materials: Synthesis and Applications
  • Trends in the Development of Nanomaterials, Nanocomposites and Nanotechnology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6545 KiB  
Article
Material Characterization of a Magnetorheological Fluid Subjected to Long-Term Operation in Damper
by Dewi Utami, Ubaidillah, Saiful A. Mazlan, Fitrian Imaduddin, Nur A. Nordin, Irfan Bahiuddin, Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz, Norzilawati Mohamad and Seung-Bok Choi
Materials 2018, 11(11), 2195; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112195 - 6 Nov 2018
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 3895
Abstract
This paper investigates the field-dependent rheological properties of magnetorheological (MR) fluid used to fill in MR dampers after long-term cyclic operation. For testing purposes, a meandering MR valve was customized to create a double-ended MR damper in which MR fluid flowed inside the [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the field-dependent rheological properties of magnetorheological (MR) fluid used to fill in MR dampers after long-term cyclic operation. For testing purposes, a meandering MR valve was customized to create a double-ended MR damper in which MR fluid flowed inside the valve due to the magnetic flux density. The test was conducted for 170,000 cycles using a fatigue dynamic testing machine which has 20 mm of stroke length and 0.4 Hz of frequency. Firstly, the damping force was investigated as the number of operating cycles increased. Secondly, the change in viscosity of the MR fluid was identified as in-use thickening (IUT). Finally, the morphological observation of MR particles was undertaken before and after the long-term operation. From these tests, it was demonstrated that the damping force increased as the number of operating cycles increases, both when the damper is turn on (on-state) and off (off-state). It is also observed that the particle size and shape changed due to the long operation, showing irregular particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ICKEM2018 - Hierarchically Structured Materials (HSM))
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12 pages, 3798 KiB  
Article
Structure-Function Correlative Microscopy of Peritubular and Intertubular Dentine
by Tan Sui, Jiří Dluhoš, Tao Li, Kaiyang Zeng, Adrian Cernescu, Gabriel Landini and Alexander M. Korsunsky
Materials 2018, 11(9), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091493 - 21 Aug 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4549
Abstract
Peritubular dentine (PTD) and intertubular dentine (ITD) were investigated by 3D correlative Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) tomography, tapping mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and scattering-type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) mapping. The brighter appearance of PTD in [...] Read more.
Peritubular dentine (PTD) and intertubular dentine (ITD) were investigated by 3D correlative Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) tomography, tapping mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and scattering-type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) mapping. The brighter appearance of PTD in 3D SEM-Backscattered-Electron (BSE) imaging mode and the corresponding higher grey value indicate a greater mineral concentration in PTD (~160) compared to ITD (~152). However, the 3D FIB-SEM-EDS reconstruction and high resolution, quantitative 2D map of the Ca/P ratio (~1.8) fail to distinguish between PTD and ITD. This has been further confirmed using nanoscale 2D AFM map, which clearly visualised biopolymers and hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystallites with larger mean crystallite size in ITD (32 ± 8 nm) than that in PTD (22 ± 3 nm). Correlative microscopy reveals that the principal difference between PTD and ITD arises primarily from the nanoscale packing density of the crystallites bonded together by thin biopolymer, with moderate contribution from the chemical composition difference. The structural difference results in the mechanical properties variation that is described by the parabolic stiffness-volume fraction correlation function introduced here. The obtained results benefit a microstructure-based mechano-chemical model to simulate the chemical etching process that can occur in human dental caries and some of its treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ICKEM2018 - Hierarchically Structured Materials (HSM))
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12 pages, 12042 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Experimental Evaluation of Phase-Change Characteristics in Carbon-Based Suspensions
by Tun-Ping Teng, Ting-Chiang Hsiao and Chun-Chi Chung
Materials 2018, 11(8), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081315 - 30 Jul 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3202
Abstract
In this study, micro/nanocarbon-based materials (MNCBMs) were prepared using the high-pressure combustion method (HPCM) with an isoperibol oxygen bomb calorimeter at different oxygen pressures (0.5–3.0 MPa). The prepared MNCBMs were added to water to form carbon-based suspensions (CBSs); sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) [...] Read more.
In this study, micro/nanocarbon-based materials (MNCBMs) were prepared using the high-pressure combustion method (HPCM) with an isoperibol oxygen bomb calorimeter at different oxygen pressures (0.5–3.0 MPa). The prepared MNCBMs were added to water to form carbon-based suspensions (CBSs); sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and defoamer were added to the CBSs to enhance their stability. The thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, and contact angle of the CBSs were measured using appropriate instruments to determine their fundamental characteristics. The phase-change characteristics of the CBSs were measured and analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to evaluate the feasibility of employing them as phase-change materials in ice-storage air-conditioning systems. The results revealed that the maximal change ratios of thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, and contact angle of the samples were −3.15%, 6.25%, 0.23%, and −57.03%, respectively, as compared with the water. The CBS of S5 (oxygen pressure of 2.0 MPa) had the lowest melting temperature and subcooling degree (SD) and the highest freezing temperature in the experiments conducted using the DSC; thus, S5 was determined to be the most suitable CBS for use as a phase-change material of cold energy storage in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ICKEM2018 - Hierarchically Structured Materials (HSM))
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16 pages, 50443 KiB  
Article
Nanoscale Origins of the Size Effect in the Compression Response of Single Crystal Ni-Base Superalloy Micro-Pillars
by Siqi Ying, Lifeng Ma, Tan Sui, Chrysanthi Papadaki, Enrico Salvati, Leon Romano Brandt, Hongjia Zhang and Alexander M. Korsunsky
Materials 2018, 11(4), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040561 - 5 Apr 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4468
Abstract
Nickel superalloys play a pivotal role in enabling power-generation devices on land, sea, and in the air. They derive their strength from coherent cuboidal precipitates of the ordered γ’ phase that is different from the γ matrix in composition, structure and properties. In [...] Read more.
Nickel superalloys play a pivotal role in enabling power-generation devices on land, sea, and in the air. They derive their strength from coherent cuboidal precipitates of the ordered γ’ phase that is different from the γ matrix in composition, structure and properties. In order to reveal the correlation between elemental distribution, dislocation glide and the plastic deformation of micro- and nano-sized volumes of a nickel superalloy, a combined in situ nanoindentation compression study was carried out with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on micro- and nano-pillars fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling of Ni-base superalloy CMSX4. The observed mechanical response (hardening followed by softening) was correlated with the progression of crystal slip that was revealed using FIB nano-tomography and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping. A hypothesis was put forward that the dependence of material strength on the size of the sample (micropillar diameter) is correlated with the characteristic dimension of the structural units (γ’ precipitates). By proposing two new dislocation-based models, the results were found to be described well by a new parameter-free Hall–Petch equation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ICKEM2018 - Hierarchically Structured Materials (HSM))
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13 pages, 2094 KiB  
Article
Digital Image Correlation of 2D X-ray Powder Diffraction Data for Lattice Strain Evaluation
by Hongjia Zhang, Tan Sui, Enrico Salvati, Dominik Daisenberger, Alexander J. G. Lunt, Kai Soon Fong, Xu Song and Alexander M. Korsunsky
Materials 2018, 11(3), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11030427 - 15 Mar 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5508
Abstract
High energy 2D X-ray powder diffraction experiments are widely used for lattice strain measurement. The 2D to 1D conversion of diffraction patterns is a necessary step used to prepare the data for full pattern refinement, but is inefficient when only peak centre position [...] Read more.
High energy 2D X-ray powder diffraction experiments are widely used for lattice strain measurement. The 2D to 1D conversion of diffraction patterns is a necessary step used to prepare the data for full pattern refinement, but is inefficient when only peak centre position information is required for lattice strain evaluation. The multi-step conversion process is likely to lead to increased errors associated with the ‘caking’ (radial binning) or fitting procedures. A new method is proposed here that relies on direct Digital Image Correlation analysis of 2D X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRD-DIC, for short). As an example of using XRD-DIC, residual strain values along the central line in a Mg AZ31B alloy bar after 3-point bending are calculated by using both XRD-DIC and the conventional ‘caking’ with fitting procedures. Comparison of the results for strain values in different azimuthal angles demonstrates excellent agreement between the two methods. The principal strains and directions are calculated using multiple direction strain data, leading to full in-plane strain evaluation. It is therefore concluded that XRD-DIC provides a reliable and robust method for strain evaluation from 2D powder diffraction data. The XRD-DIC approach simplifies the analysis process by skipping 2D to 1D conversion, and opens new possibilities for robust 2D powder diffraction data analysis for full in-plane strain evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ICKEM2018 - Hierarchically Structured Materials (HSM))
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