- Review
Chloride Dynamics in Heart Failure: The Clinical Implications of Serum Levels and the Emerging Significance of Urinary Chloride
- Theodora Georgopoulou,
- Maria Stratinaki,
- Ioannis Petrakis,
- Georgios Aletras,
- Emmanouil Foukarakis,
- Maria Marketou,
- Emmanouil Simantirakis and
- Kostas Stylianou
Heart failure (HF) remains a prevalent, high-risk condition particularly common among the elderly population. The impairment of systolic function, secondary dysregulation of maladaptive neurohormonal systems and HF therapies lead to electrolyte distu...

