Clinical Applications of Ultrasound and Advanced Imaging Techniques in Thyroid Diseases

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid ultrasound has evolved from a purely morphological diagnostic tool into a complex, multiparametric imaging platform that directly influences therapeutic decisions. The integration of elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), structured risk stratification systems (TIRADS), and image-guided interventions has substantially reshaped the clinical management of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. However, variability in interpretation, heterogeneous validation data, and the rapid emergence of artificial intelligence-based tools raise important questions regarding standardization, reproducibility, and clinical utility.

Beyond nodule characterization, advanced imaging techniques are increasingly relevant in preoperative staging, selection for active surveillance, post-surgical monitoring, and assessment of treatment response following minimally invasive procedures or radioiodine therapy. The challenge is no longer technological availability, but appropriate clinical integration supported by robust evidence.

This Special Issue aims to present high-quality research and clinically oriented reviews addressing the current and emerging role of ultrasound and advanced imaging modalities in thyroid diseases. We particularly welcome contributions that clarify diagnostic performance, refine risk stratification, explore imaging–molecular correlations, or evaluate real-world clinical impact.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Advanced ultrasound techniques in thyroid nodule assessment;
• Elastography and quantitative imaging biomarkers;
• Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in benign and malignant thyroid disease;
• Optimization and validation of TIRADS systems;
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning in thyroid imaging;
• Imaging in active surveillance of low-risk thyroid cancer;
• Imaging-guided minimally invasive treatments;
• Multimodal imaging strategies in aggressive thyroid cancers.

We look forward to your contributions to the advancement of evidence-based imaging in thyroid practice.

Prof. Dr. Dana Stoian
Dr. Andreea Bena
Guest Editors

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