Sjogren’s Syndrome: Clinical Updates and Perspectives

Dear Colleagues,

Sjögren’s Disease (SjD) represents one of the most prevalent rheumatic conditions, with a global prevalence ranging from 0.1 to 1% of the adult population.

SjD is undergoing a profound clinical redefinition. The growing recognition of its multisystemic nature has shifted the clinical focus toward extra-glandular manifestations, which affect nearly half of all patients and involve joints, lungs, skin, kidneys, and the nervous system. These systemic involvements, coupled with a significantly heightened risk of B-cell lymphoma and reduced quality of life, render SjD a major public health concern that remains frequently under-recognized and delayed in diagnosis.

Parallel to this clinical evolution, breakthroughs in deciphering the complex pathogenesis of SjD are providing a blueprint for the next generation of precision medicine. The identification of specific molecular subtypes and aberrant signaling pathways has paved the way for the development of targeted therapeutics, including novel B-cell modulators and cytokine inhibitors. For the first time, phase 3 trials in SjD, involving ianalumab and telitacicept, have met their primary endpoints.

Consequently, there is an urgent need for research that bridges the gap between pathogenetic pathways, therapeutic breakthroughs, and real-world clinical utility, effectively 'connecting the dots' between these biological concepts and the daily, personalized management of the Sjögren’s patient.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to current research priorities. In particular, we invite contributions addressing the early diagnosis and management of systemic involvements, as well as the impact of gender differences on disease expression. Furthermore, this Special Issue seeks to explore the evolving landscape of patient stratification—integrating biological, clinical, and prognostic markers—to better define the role of recent therapeutic breakthroughs, including targeted therapies and precision medicine in clinical practice.

Dr. Caterina Vacchi
Guest Editor

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