Applications of Persulfate (PS) and Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) Activation

Dear Colleagues,

The removal of emerging contaminants in traditional AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process) has shown good performance, featuring advanced oxidation technology to produce highly reactive free radicals, such as the hydroxyl radical (·OH), sulfate radical (SO₄·⁻), and super oxide free radical (O₂⁻·). They can degrade these antibiotics and other refractory organic pollutants into the low toxicity of small molecular products. This technology contains ozone oxidation, photochemical oxidation, catalytic wet oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, Fenton oxidation, Fenton-like oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, and activated oxidation based on PMS according to the different generation modes of free radicals. ·OH is a strong oxidant with a REDOX potential of 2.8 V, which can destroy the structure of organic compounds. In recent years, advanced oxidation technology based on SO₄⁻ has attracted great attention. Compared to ·OH, SO₄·⁻ have the same or even higher REDOX potential (2.5–3.1 V), and in some cases, sulfate radicals are more selective and have a longer half-life than hydroxyl. Therefore, SO₄·⁻ is expected to show a better ability to degrade novel pollutants. It is important to note that persulfates (PS), including peroxymonosulfates (PMS) and peroxybisulfates (PDS), are low-cost, easy to store, and very stable. They can be activated to generate sulfate radicals through various methods, such as heating activation, alkali activation, radiation activation, ultrasonic activation, carbon-based material activation, activation of transition metal and its oxides, etc.

Dr. Yonglei Xing
Guest Editor

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