Central and Local Modulators of Reproduction and Fertility: An Update 2.0

Dear Colleagues,

Reproduction and fertility depend on the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis. The key actor in HPG axis activity is the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a decapeptide able to induce the discharge of pituitary gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)), which in turn sustain the production of sex steroids by gonads, with successful gametogenesis as a result. In addition to intricate endocrine communication routes, paracrine and autocrine communications along the HPG axis also ensure successful gametogenesis. In this respect the list of centrally and peripherally produced modulators of reproduction is growing and deserves attention in order to preserve both reproduction and fertility through the formation of high-quality gametes. In fact, reproduction is highly sensitive to environmental factors such as diet, stress, or endocrine disruptors, among others, and the possibility of the epigenetic modulation of reproduction with transgenerational outcomes has recently been raised. To date, several modulators exert their activity within the hypothalamus, modulating the activity of GnRH-secreting neurons in response to exogenous and endogenous environmental “cues”; similarly, peripherally produced modulators directly affect gametogenesis with effects on reproduction and fertility. Despite experimental evidence, molecular and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of HPG activity remain to be fully elucidated, hence the need to fill this gap in order to devise clinically effective treatment strategies.

This Special Issue aims at expanding the current knowledge on central and local modulators of reproduction and fertility in both physiological and pathological conditions, as well as on their possible therapeutic exploitation. Experimental studies in in vitro and in vivo models, review articles, and clinical studies are all welcome for consideration.

Dr. Rosaria Meccariello
Guest Editor

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