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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 9849

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Prof. Dr. José María Martinez-Gonzalez

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Department of Clinical Dental Specialities, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: oral surgery; oral medicine; oral implantology; regenerative odontology; gerodontology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in the field of implant dentistry are in continuous development, allowing us to achieve ever-higher success rates.

Macrogeometric design together with new implant surfaces and improved prosthetics constitute the main advances, while biomaterials developed to promote bone regeneration are also of key importance, as it is often essential to prepare bone tissue in advance of implant-based rehabilitation.

This Special Issue will cover all aspects of the biomedical performance of implant-based treatments and their corresponding rehabilitations, as well as the behavior of various biomaterials used in implant dentistry.

I am delighted to offer you the opportunity to present and disseminate original research work and reviews that fall within this field of implantology and regenerative medicine.

Prof. Dr. José María Martinez-Gonzalez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

implant titanium surface
bone graft
bone substitutes
biomedical applications
bone regeneration
ceramic implants
titanium implants
biomechanical behaviour of dental implants

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 7350 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emission and Migration of Nanoscale Particles during Osseointegration and Disintegration of Dental Implants in the Clinic and Experiment and the Influence on Cytokine Production

by Varvara Labis, Ernest Bazikyan, Svetlana Sizova, Vladimir Oleinikov, Andrey Trulioff, Maria Serebriakova, Igor Kudryavtsev, Dmitry Khmelenin, Olga Zhigalina, Irina Dyachkova, Denis Zolotov, Victor Asadchikov, Tatyana Mrugova, Aleksandr Zurochka, Sergey Khaidukov and Ivan G. Kozlov

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9678; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119678 - 2 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2104

Abstract

The emission of nanoscale particles from the surfaces of dental implants leads to the cumulative effect of particle complexes in the bone bed and surrounding soft tissues. Aspects of particle migration with the possibility of their involvement in the development of pathological processes of systemic nature remain unexplored. The aim of this work was to study protein production during the interaction of immunocompetent cells with nanoscale metal particles obtained from the surfaces of dental implants in the supernatants. The ability to migrate nanoscale metal particles with possible involvement in the formation of pathological structures, in particular in the formation of gallstones, was also investigated. The following methods were used: microbiological studies, X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and multiplex immunofluorescence analysis. For the first time, titanium nanoparticles in gallstones were identified by X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron microscopy with elemental mapping. The multiplex analysis method revealed that the physiological response of the immune system cells, in particular neutrophils, to nanosized metal particles significantly reduced TNF-a production both through direct interaction and through double lipopolysaccharide-induced signaling. For the first time, a significant decrease in TNF-a production was demonstrated when supernatants containing nanoscale metal particles were co-cultured with proinflammatory peritoneal exudate obtained from the peritoneum of the C57Bl/6J inbred mice line for one day. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants Biomaterials)

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20 pages, 9969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Bio-Aging of Biofilms on Behalf of Various Oral Status on Different Titanium Implant Materials

by Min Liao, Yangyang Shi, Enni Chen, Yuke Shou, Dongyue Dai, Wenpan Xian, Biao Ren, Shimeng Xiao and Lei Cheng

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010332 - 25 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1886

Abstract

The properties of titanium implants are affected by bio-aging due to long-term exposure to the oral microenvironment. This study aimed to investigate probable changes in titanium plates after different biofilm bio-aging processes, representing various oral status. Titanium plates with different surface treatments were used, including polish, sandblasted with large grit and acid etched (SLA), microarc oxidation (MAO), and hydroxyapatite coating (HA). We established dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)–Candida albicans (C. albicans) and saliva biofilms from the healthy and patients with stage III–IV periodontitis, respectively. After bio-aging with these biofilms for 30 days, the surface morphology, chemical composition, and water contact angles were measured. The adhesion of human gingival epithelial cells, human gingival fibroblasts, and three-species biofilms (Streptococcus sanguis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) were evaluated. The polished specimens showed no significant changes after bio-aging with these biofilms. The MAO- and SLA-treated samples showed mild corrosion after bio-aging with the salivary biofilms. The HA-coated specimens were the most vulnerable. Salivary biofilms, especially saliva from patients with periodontitis, exhibited a more distinct erosion on the HA-coating than the S. aureus–C. albicans dual-biofilms. The coating became thinner and even fell from the substrate. The surface became more hydrophilic and more prone to the adhesion of bacteria. The S. aureus–C. albicans dual-biofilms had a comparatively mild corrosion effect on these samples. The HA-coated samples showed more severe erosion after bio-aging with the salivary biofilms from patients with periodontitis compared to those of the healthy, which emphasized the importance of oral hygiene and periodontal health to implants in the long run. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants Biomaterials)

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15 pages, 3734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Microcosm Biofilm Decontamination on Surface Topography, Chemistry, and Biocompatibility Dynamics of Implant Titanium Surfaces

by Vanessa Sousa, Nikos Mardas, Dave Spratt, Iman A. Hassan, Nick J. Walters, Víctor Beltrán and Nikolaos Donos

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 10033; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710033 - 2 Sep 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2539

Abstract

Since the inception of dental implants, a steadily increasing prevalence of peri-implantitis has been documented. Irrespective of the treatment protocol applied for the management of peri-implantitis, this biofilm-associated pathology, continues to be a clinical challenge yielding unpredictable and variable levels of resolution, and in some cases resulting in implant loss. This paper investigated the effect of microcosm biofilm in vitro decontamination on surface topography, wettability, chemistry, and biocompatibility, following decontamination protocols applied to previously infected implant titanium (Ti) surfaces, both micro-rough -Sandblasted, Large-grit, Acid-etched (SLA)-and smooth surfaces -Machined (M). Microcosm biofilms were grown on SLA and M Ti discs. These were treated with TiBrushes (TiB), combination of TiB and photodynamic therapy (PDT), combination of TiB and 0.2%CHX/1%NaClO, plus or minus Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation. Surface topography was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Laser Surface Profilometry. Surface function was analysed through wettability analysis. Surface chemistry evaluation of the discs was performed under SEM/Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Biocompatibility was tested with the cytocompatibility assay using human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) cells. Elemental analysis of the discs disclosed chemical surface alterations resulting from the different treatment modalities. Titanium, carbon, oxygen, sodium, aluminium, silver, were identified by EDX as the main components of all the discs. Based on the data drawn from this study, we have shown that following the decontamination of Ti surfaces the biomaterial surface chemistry and topography was altered. The type of treatment and Ti surface had a significant effect on cytocompatibility (p = 0.0001). Although, no treatment modality hindered the titanium surface biocompatibility, parameters such as the use of chemical agents and micro-rough surfaces had a higher cytotoxic effect in MG-63 cells. The use of smooth surfaces, and photofunctionalisation of the TiO₂ layer had a beneficial effect on cytocompatibility following decontamination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants Biomaterials)

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16 pages, 7279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Systematic Study of Restorative Crown-Materials Combinations for Dental Implants: Characterization of Mechanical Properties under Dynamic Loads

by Xavier Marimon, Miguel Cerrolaza, Miquel Ferrer, Oriol Cantó-Navés, Josep Cabratosa-Termes and Román Pérez

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158769 - 7 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2162

Abstract

This study aimed to find the optimum mechanical characteristics of the restorative materials for the manufacture of implant crowns subjected to impact loading when different combinations of materials are used for the inner and outer crown. Several combinations of external–internal crown restorative materials were analyzed. The dynamic stresses at eight different zones of a dental implant subjected to an impact load and the influence of several mechanical properties, such as the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, density, and initial velocity, were analyzed and compared. A detailed 3D model was created, including the crown, the retention screw, the implant, and a mandible section. The model was then built by importing the 3D geometries from CAD software. The whole 3D model was carefully created in order to guarantee a finite element mesh that produced results adjusted to physical reality. Then, we conducted a numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM). The results of the FEM analysis allowed for evaluating the effect that different combinations of restorative materials and mechanical properties had on the stress distribution in various regions of the implant. The choice of restorative material is a factor to be considered in order to preserve the integrity of osseointegration. Restorative materials transfer more or less stress to the dental implant and surrounding bone, depending on their stiffness. Therefore, an inadequate Young’s modulus of the rehabilitation material can affect the survival of the implant over time. Eight interactive graphics were provided on a web-based surface platform to help clinical dentists, researchers, and manufacturers to select the best restorative materials combination for the crown. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants Biomaterials)

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