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New Insights in Antibiotic Resistance/Tolerance
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New Insights in Antibiotic Resistance/Tolerance

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1909

Editor

Dr. Mara Di Giulio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: biofilm; innovative antimicrobial strategies; Helicobacter pylori; chronic wound infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today, the problem of antibiotic resistance is a global issue, and scientific research and insights are crucial to propose effective strategic plans. In the proposed Special Issue, we aim to highlight new strategies to counteract this emergence in a One Health vision, including the concept of antibiotic tolerance (biofilm, microbial dormancy, etc.) within the concept of antibiotic resistance. In this Special Issue, we aim to collate studies on molecular aspects of innovative agents and their mode of action focusing also on resistant and tolerant forms of microorganisms, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms involved—such as altered membrane permeability, efflux pump activation, target site modification, and quorum sensing regulation—which contribute to both resistance and tolerance phenomena.

We particularly encourage the following topics:

  • Development and application of novel antimicrobial agents and their mode of action;
  • New delivery systems, OMVs, nanotechnology, and their possible mode of action;
  • Studies of synergisms between innovative antibacterial compounds and traditional drugs;
  • Multidisciplinary approaches combining microbiology, chemical technology, and chemical designs.

We encourage the submission of scientific papers that can truly provide innovative input to combat antibiotic resistance in various fields.

We warmly invite members of the scientific community who are in this field to share their research through this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

Dr. Mara Di Giulio
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotic resistance
  • biofilm
  • innovative antimicrobial strategies and compounds
  • synergistic actions
  • One Health
  • bacterial tolerant phenotypes
  • resistant pathogenic microorganisms
  • mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 994 KB  
Article
5-Substituted 4-Thiouridines, 4-Thio-2′-deoxyuridines and Their Oligoglycol Carbonate Prodrugs as Promising Antimicrobial Agents
by Dmitry A. Makarov, Maxim V. Jasko, Sergey D. Negrya, Inna L. Karpenko, Elizabeth V. Urbina, Vladimir O. Chekhov, Olga V. Efremenkova, Byazilya F. Vasilyeva, Danila V. Zimenkov, Anastasia I. Ushtanit, Sergey N. Kochetkov and Liudmila A. Alexandrova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11712; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311712 - 3 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1013
Abstract
The problem of antibiotic resistance is one of the challenges that science and medicine face in the 21st century. Nucleoside analogs have already proven as antiviral and antitumor agents, and, currently, there are more and more reports on their antibacterial and antifungal activity. [...] Read more.
The problem of antibiotic resistance is one of the challenges that science and medicine face in the 21st century. Nucleoside analogs have already proven as antiviral and antitumor agents, and, currently, there are more and more reports on their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The substitution of an oxygen atom by a sulfur one leads to the emergence of unique properties. Here, we report the synthesis of eight new 4-thioanalogs of 5-substituted (5-alkyloxymethyl and 5-alkyltriazolylmethyl) derivatives of 2′-deoxyuridine and uridine, which were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Gram-positive bacteria. The novel sulfur-containing nucleosides were synthesized via activation of the pyrimidine C4 position, followed by condensation with thioacetic acid and deblocking. To increase the solubility, oligoglycol carbonate depot forms were obtained via activation of the 3′-hydroxyl group using N,N’-carbonyldiimidazole and condensation with triethylene glycol. The highest inhibitory activity was demonstrated by 3′-triethylene glycol depot forms of 4-thio-5-undecyl- and 5-dodecyloxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (4a,b) against two strains of M. smegmatis. The most promising compounds were 5-[4-decyl-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-4-thio-2′-deoxy- and ribouridine (3c,g) and 5-undecyloxymethyl 4-thiouridine (3e) active toward clinical M. intracellulare isolates. Overall, novel sulfur-containing nucleoside analogs were low toxic, demonstrated better inhibitory activity compared to their C4-oxo ones, and, thus, are promising compounds for the development of new antibacterial agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Antibiotic Resistance/Tolerance)
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Review

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27 pages, 411 KB  
Review
Bacteriocins in Veterinary Medicine: From Antibiotic Limitations to Targeted Solutions
by Marta Książczyk, Katarzyna Dębowska and Karolina Bierowiec
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(13), 5812; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135812 - 27 Jun 2026
Viewed by 504
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the foremost global threats to public health, with the veterinary sector, responsible for nearly three-quarters of global antimicrobial consumption, representing an underappreciated epicenter of this crisis. Despite the extensive literature on bacteriocins as antibiotic alternatives, [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the foremost global threats to public health, with the veterinary sector, responsible for nearly three-quarters of global antimicrobial consumption, representing an underappreciated epicenter of this crisis. Despite the extensive literature on bacteriocins as antibiotic alternatives, most reviews focus on human medicine or food preservation, leaving a conspicuous gap in evidence specific to veterinary medicine. The present review addresses this gap by examining the molecular basis of bacteriocin activity (lipid II, bacterial RNA polymerase, cytoplasmic membrane), strategies for clinical deployment (topical therapy, antibiotic combinations, disruption of biofilm tolerance), and preclinical evidence relevant to bovine mastitis, canine pyoderma and otitis externa, and infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus), MRSP (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius), colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa, XDR (extensively drug-resistant) Acinetobacter baumannii). Translational barriers—pharmacokinetic, regulatory, and evidentiary—are critically appraised, alongside emerging directions including precision nanocarriers, biofilm-targeted therapies, and the animal microbiota as a reservoir of novel molecules. Bacteriocins represent a promising yet underexploited antibacterial class in response to the escalating AMR crisis in the animal sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Antibiotic Resistance/Tolerance)
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