Submit to Horticulturae Review for Horticulturae Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Propagation and Seeds".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 27518

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants book cover image

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alicja Tymoszuk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Laboratory of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: horticultural plants; plant biotechnology; plant breeding; plant tissue culture; plant molecular biology; nanobiotechnology; nanoparticles in horticulture; plant metabolites; oxidative stress in plants

Dr. Dariusz Kulus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Laboratory of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: cryopreservation; horticultural plants; in vitro tissue culture systems; micropropagation; ornamental plants; plant biotechnology; plant breeding; molecular biology; synthetic seeds

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of modern horticulture is strongly associated with the improvement of plant micropropagation technologies and the production of high-quality ex vitro plants. Tissue cultures are a source of healthy and true-to-type plant material for further cultivation under covers or in field. Moreover, in vitro cultures of horticultural plants are also used for breeding purposes, germplasm conservation, disease elimination, and the production of phytochemicals. The proposed Special Issue aims to present the results of studies focused on the development, improvement, and usage of plant tissue culture systems for horticultural purposes.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

Fundamental research on molecular and physiological responses of in vitro isolated plant cells and tissues.
Micropropagation of ornamental, vegetable, fruit, and herbal plants.
Tissue culture in the breeding of horticultural plants.
Tissue culture in conservation and long-term storage of horticultural plants.
Media components in plant tissue cultures.
Physical factors (e.g., light spectrum and intensity, temperature) and new tools in plant tissue cultures.
Metabolites production in plant tissue culture systems.
Diseases elimination by in vitro techniques.
Contaminations in plant tissue culture and their elimination.
Nanoparticles in tissue culture.
In vitro technology for large-scale production of horticultural plants.
Quality of micropropagated plants.
Ex vitro acclimatization and cultivation of plants.

Dr. Alicja Tymoszuk
Dr. Dariusz Kulus
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

acclimatization
horticultural plants
in vitro regeneration
microcuttings quality
plant biotechnology
plant breeding
plant conservation
phytochemicals
tissue culture systems

Published Papers (14 papers)

Download All Papers

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 194 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Advancements in In Vitro Technology: A Comprehensive Exploration of Micropropagated Plants

by Dariusz Kulus and Alicja Tymoszuk

Horticulturae 2024, 10(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010088 - 17 Jan 2024

Viewed by 968

Abstract

In recent decades, the field of plant science has witnessed several breakthrough discoveries, particularly through the application of in vitro technology [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

13 pages, 4731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Establishment of an Efficient In Vitro Propagation Protocol for Cannabis sativa L. subsp. ruderalis Janish

by Giuseppe N. Basile, Luigi Tedone, Cataldo Pulvento, Giuseppe De Mastro and Claudia Ruta

Horticulturae 2023, 9(11), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9111241 - 17 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1191

Abstract

Cannabis sativa L., subsp. ruderalis Janish., ‘Finola’ is a dioecious cultivar of Finnish origin. This cultivar is very interesting because its cultivation cycle lasts less than 3 months. The aim of this study was to define an efficient micropropagation protocol to ensure in vitro multiplication and rooting and in vivo acclimatization. Two different explant sources were tested: seed-derived in vitro explants and nodal segments containing axillary buds from selected mother plants. Shoot proliferation was tested on different growth media enriched with cytokinin alone or cytokinin in combination with auxins. Among all combinations, the best results were obtained by combining the Basal Medium (BM—a Murashige and Skoog modified medium) with sucrose (20 g L⁻¹), thidiazuron (TDZ 0.4 mg L⁻¹), and 1-naphthalenacetic acid (NAA 0.2 mg L⁻¹). Regarding rooting induction, the plants developed an extensive root system under red/blue lights on BM enriched with sucrose (30 g L⁻¹) and indol-3 butyric acid (0.1 mg L⁻¹), which allowed the survival of more than 90 percent of the plantlets once transplanted into the climate-controlled greenhouse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 9092 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Wheat Starch as Gelling Agent for In Vitro Proliferation of Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) Cultivars and the Evaluation of Genetic Fidelity after Repeated Subcultures

by Doina Clapa, Monica Hârța, Katalin Szabo, Bernadette-Emőke Teleky and Doru Pamfil

Horticulturae 2023, 9(8), 902; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080902 - 08 Aug 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1188

Abstract

Micropropagation has an important role in the large-scale production of blackberry plant material, given the high proliferation rates of this species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the proliferative capacity of blackberry grown in vitro on wheat starch-gelled culture medium compared to classical agar-gelled medium and to assess the genetic fidelity between the proliferated shoots in starch-gelled culture medium and their mother plants. Six blackberry varieties (‘Čačanska Bestrna’, ‘Chester Thornless’, ‘Driscoll’s Victoria’, ‘Loch Ness’, ‘Polar’, and ‘Karaka Black’) were tested. For the in vitro shoots proliferation, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm⁻³ 6-benzyladenine (BA) was used. The conventional medium was gelled with 0.5% plant agar, and wheat starch was used as an alternative gelling agent in a concentration of 5%. The results showed that for all blackberry cultivars, the highest number of shoots/inoculum was obtained in wheat starch-gelled culture medium, with a maximum value of 54.42 ± 4.18 presented by ‘Karaka Black’. Considering the length of the proliferated shoots, all tested cultivars presented outstanding results on the culture medium gelled with 5% wheat starch. The highest values regarding shoots length were observed on the ‘Chester Thornless’ followed by ‘Čačanska Bestrna’, and ‘Loch Ness’ with values of 5.55 ± 0.04 cm, 5.46 ± 0.06 cm, and 5.37 ± 0.09 cm, respectively. The genetic uniformity of the micropropagated shoots in relation to their mother plants was confirmed by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) molecular markers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 525 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Complete Micropropagation Protocol for Black-Leaved Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Lodd.) Engl. ‘Dowon’

by Amirhossein Pourhassan, Behzad Kaviani, Dariusz Kulus, Natalia Miler and Naser Negahdar

Horticulturae 2023, 9(4), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040422 - 24 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1934

Abstract

Zamioculcas zamiifolia, a drought-resistant plant in the family Araceae, is a popular ornamental potted foliage plant originating from tropical east and subtropical southeast Africa. The growth and propagation rate of this species is low in conventional propagation methods. Therefore, the current study aimed at developing a complete in vitro propagation protocol of black-leaved Raven^® ZZ plant (Z. zamiifolia ‘Dowon’)—a novelty on the floricultural market. In order to initiate an axenic culture, the disinfection of leaf explants was performed with sodium hypochlorite and mercury chloride. Next, leaf segments were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with the addition of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and/or ɑ-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at various concentrations. The highest number of shoots (11) and leaves (22) per explant was obtained in a medium enriched with 2 mg·L⁻¹ BA together with 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ NAA. The maximum number of roots (3.33) was produced in microshoots cultured on the medium supplemented with 2 mg·L⁻¹ NAA. On the other hand, the longest roots (2.66 cm) were produced on a medium containing 2 mg·L⁻¹ NAA and 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ BA. The combination of 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ BA and 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ NAA was most effective in stimulating callus formation (78.33%). Rooted plantlets were transferred to plastic pots filled with coco peat and acclimatized to ambient greenhouse conditions with an average 68.19% survival rate. This is the first report on a complete micropropagation protocol of black-leaved zamioculcas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1339 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ectopic Expression of PgF3′5′H in Commercial Gypsophila paniculata Cultivar through Optimized Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation

by Chunlian Jin, Dan Sun, Lulin Ma, Xijun Mo, Chunmei Yang and Fan Li

Horticulturae 2023, 9(3), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030321 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1042

Abstract

Gypsophila paniculata is one of the most popular cut flowers in the world whose major cultivars are blooming white. As is well known, blue flowers could be generated via the overexpression of the gene encoding flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) in species that naturally lack it. In this study, we established the regeneration and a genetic transformation system for the commercial cultivar ‘YX4’ of G. paniculata and introduced the F3′5′H of Platycodon grandiflorus (PgF3′5′H) successfully into ‘YX4’ using the established protocol. A total of 281 hygromycin (Hyg)-resistant plantlets were obtained, and 38 of them were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive, indicating a 13.5% transformation efficiency. Shoot apex without meristem was more suitable for explant due to its high regeneration capacity, and the supplement of thidiazuron (TDZ) provided the most efficient promotion of adventitious bud induction, whereas the supplement of 6-Benzyladenine (6-BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not affect much. Additionally, the combination of 1 day (d) pre-culture, 5 d co-culture, 10 min infection, 30 mg·L⁻¹ additional acetosyringone (AS) supplement, and 10 mg·L⁻¹ Hyg selection formed the optimized system for ‘YX4’ transformation. This reliable and efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the valuable commercial cultivar ‘YX4’ will contribute not only to the creation and improvement of G. paniculata cultivars, but also to the function research of genes associated with important ornamental traits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3370 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thidiazuron Induced In Vitro Plant Regeneration, Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant Potential, GC-MS Profiles and Nuclear Genome Stability of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng

by Mohammad Faisal, Ahmed A. Qahtan and Abdulrahman A. Alatar

Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020277 - 18 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1585

Abstract

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng is a perennial plant from the mint family with aromatic, succulent leaves and several health benefits. Multiple shoot regeneration was accomplished in vitro using nodal segments (NS) explants of P. amboinicus pretreated with 0, 0.5, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) for 4 h, then transferred to a growth regulator-free media. After 8 weeks of growth, NS explants pre-treated with 25 μM TDZ for 4 h and then transferred to TDZ-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) media produced the greatest number of shoots (27.3 per NS) with the longest average shoot length (4.9 mm) in 97.2% of cultures. On the same medium, regeneration of roots in most of the P. amboinicus shoots occurred spontaneously. The in vitro-regenerated P. amboinicus plantlets were adequately hardened off and adapted to the ex-vitro environment with a 90% survival rate. Total phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid contents, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging/antioxidant activity, were significantly higher in in vitro-regenerated plants than in ex vitro-plants. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis validated the nuclear genome stability of the in vitro generated plants, which assessed their nuclear DNA content and found it to be comparable in genome size to that of the field-grown plants. The study found a quick and efficient method for in vitro multiplication of P. amboinicus which can aid to increased availability and accessibility of this plant species for various purposes. The genetic and phytochemical analysis of the in vitro propagated plants can also provide valuable insight into the plant’s properties and potential applications, which can further assist in its preservation and sustainable usage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

28 pages, 14438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Effects of the Explant Type and Different Plant Growth Regulators on Micropropagation of Five Mediterranean Salvia spp. Native to Greece

by Maria Papafotiou, Georgia Vlachou and Aikaterini N. Martini

Horticulturae 2023, 9(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010096 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2871

Abstract

Sages are medicinal and aromatic plants that constitute a large pool from which active compounds of great pharmaceutical potential can be derived, while at the same time, they also have ornamental value. The purpose of this study was to develop the micropropagation protocols of Salvia fruticosa, S. officinalis, S. ringens, S. tomentosa, and S. pomifera ssp. pomifera to facilitate their exploitation in the pharmaceutical and floriculture industries. In vitro cultures of S. ringens and S. pomifera ssp. pomifera was studied for the first time. Shoot tips and single node explants from in vitro seedlings were initially cultured on hormone free (Hf)-MS medium, followed by subcultures on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) for all species, as well as with zeatin (ZEA), kinetin (KIN), 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallyamino) purine (2iP), or meta-topolin (mT) for S. fruticosa and S. officinalis, at concentrations 0.0 to 3.2 mg L⁻¹, in combination with 0.01 mg L⁻¹ 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). S. officinalis was the most efficient in shoot multiplication of all the studied species. The highest multiplication indices were found using 0.8 mg L⁻¹ BA for S. fruticosa, 0.4 mg L⁻¹ BA, or mT for S. officinalis, and lower than 0.8 mg L⁻¹ BA for the other three species. Hyperhydricity was a problem at the multiplication stage, and was most pronounced in single node explants, increasing in proportion to cytokinin concentration. Microshoots rooted at high percentages (75–85%) on half-strength MS medium with 0.0 or 0.5 mg L⁻¹ Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), except for those of S. ringens, which rooted best at 1.0–2.0 mg L⁻¹ IBA. Ex vitro acclimatization was highly successful (80–95%) on peat–perlite substrate (1:1 v/v). Thus, the present study resulted in efficient micropropagation protocols for five Mediterranean sage species native to Greece, which will facilitate breeding programs and the promotion of these species in the floriculture and pharmaceutical industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1546 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of BAP Concentration and Pre-Cooling Treatments on Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Traits of Different Olive (Olea euorpea L.) Cultivars

by Sadia Khatoon, Wencong Liu, Chuan-bo Ding, Xinglong Liu, Yinan Zheng, Yue Zhang, Xueyan Chen, Muhammad Rauf, Fahad Alghabari and Zahid Hussain Shah

Horticulturae 2022, 8(12), 1108; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121108 - 25 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1840

Abstract

In vitro propagation of olive (Olea euorpea L.) always remained a challenging task due to its woody nature and oxidation of culture. The current study intended to optimize shoot induction and proliferation protocol for different cultivars (“Leccino”, “Gemlik”, “Moraiolo” and “Arbosana”) of olive-on-olive media (OM) provided with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 mgL⁻¹) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) by pre-exposing their explants (nodal segments) with different regimes (0, 24, and 48 h) of cooling. The impacts of treatments were evaluated on morphological (shoot induction percentage, primary shoot length, number of leaves shoot⁻¹, and number of shoots per explant⁻¹), physiological (total chlorophyll, carotenoids, CO₂ assimilation, and proline), biochemical (primary and secondary metabolites) attributes of cultivars after 50 to 60 days of culture. Data recorded were subjected to statistical analysis. All traits depicted significant increases in all genotypes with increasing pre-cooling treatments and increasing supplementations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). This increase was the highest for the interaction of 48 h pre-cooling and 2.5 mgL⁻¹ BAP concentration. Moreover, correlation analysis of all traits revealed significant paired association among them in a positive direction, while principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the extent of association varied with types of treatments and the nature of genotypes. Among cultivars, Arbosana depicted more dramatic changes in morphological traits, physiological attributes, and biochemical contents due to varying interactions of pre-cooling and BAP treatments as compared to Moraiolo, Gemlik, and Leccino with in vitro systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2249 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rapid In Vitro Propagation of Fig (Ficus carica L.) ‘Violette de Solliès’ Supported by Molecular and Microscopy Analyses

by Wan Ting Ling, Li Vern Tan, Soo Ping Khor, Dahmendra Sriskanda, Sreeramanan Subramaniam and Bee Lynn Chew

Horticulturae 2022, 8(11), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111025 - 02 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2346

Abstract

Ficus carica L. is a common fig that is an incredibly nutritional fruit, well-known for its medicinal and economic values. This study aims to establish an efficient protocol for the mass propagation of fig plantlets (Ficus carica L.) for the cultivar ‘Violette de Solliès’. Surface-sterilized shoot-tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine, BAP; thidiazuron, TDZ; kinetin, Kn; and zeatin, Zea). Induced shoots were rooted on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) with different concentrations of auxins (naphthalene-acetic acid, NAA; indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; and indole-3-butyric acid, IBA). Rooted explants were acclimatized in eight different soil substrates prior to cultivation in a commercial plot. The propagated plantlets were analyzed for genetic stability and clonal fidelity using RAPD and SCoT molecular markers, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe the stomata morphology of post-acclimatized plants. MS media supplemented with 5.0 mg/L BAP was the optimal treatment for multiple shoot induction (15.20 ± 1.03 shoots), whereas the highest percentage of rooting (93.33%) was achieved in WPM supplemented with 3.0 mg/L IBA. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized in biochar soil with a survival rate of 100%. RAPD and SCoT analysis showed no polymorphism occurrences across six subculture cycles, whereas observations via SEM indicated normal stomata structures on the leaves of acclimatized plantlets. This study documents an efficient micropropagation protocol for Ficus carica cv. ‘Violette de Solliès’ for the production of uniformed and true-to-type plant stocks suitable for commercial propagation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1399 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Partial Elimination of Viruses from Traditional Potato Cultivar ‘Brinjak’ by Chemotherapy and Its Impact on Physiology and Yield Components

by Snježana Kereša, Darko Vončina, Boris Lazarević, Anita Bošnjak Mihovilović, Milan Pospišil, Marina Brčić, Ana Matković Stanković and Ivanka Habuš Jerčić

Horticulturae 2022, 8(11), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111013 - 01 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1594

Abstract

Viruses are responsible for more than 50% of annual potato tuber yield losses and cause great economic damage. The traditional Croatian potato cultivar ‘Brinjak’ is important for local growers because of its economically profitable production and as a gene pool for future breeding programs. However, the full genetic potential of the cultivar cannot be exploited due to virus infection. In this study, we attempted to eliminate potato virus M (PVM) and potato virus S (PVS) from potato cultivar ‘Brinjak’ and to evaluate the effects on physiological parameters and yield. Shoot apices were isolated from PVM + PVS-infected sprouts and cultivated for six weeks on MS medium with the addition of 50 or 100 mg L⁻¹ ribavirin. The surviving shoot apices were micropropagated. The in vitro post-eradication period lasted 200 days. DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR were performed on R0 and R1 plants 90 days after acclimatization to determine the sanitary status of the plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral imaging were performed on the R0 plants at the same time. The success of PVS elimination was 33% at both ribavirin concentrations. However, neither concentration was successful in eliminating PVM. Plants with mixed infection (PVM + PVS) had more severe disease symptoms compared to PVM-infected plants, affecting photochemistry and multispectral parameters and, consequently, yield. PVM + PVS plants had significantly lower number and weight of tubers per plant and lower average tuber weight than plants with single PVM infection in most of the generations studied. The results indicate a strong negative impact of PVS in mixed infections with PVM and show the importance of its elimination from potato plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 715 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

In Vitro Propagation of Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) C.K. Schneid.

by Behzad Kaviani, Bahareh Deltalab, Dariusz Kulus, Alicja Tymoszuk, Hamideh Bagheri and Taha Azarinejad

Horticulturae 2022, 8(10), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100964 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1539

Abstract

Narrow-leaf firethorn or pyracantha (Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) C.K. Schneid.), from the family Rosaceae, is a species of large and thorny evergreen shrub. In this study, a procedure is presented for efficient axillary shoot multiplication and root induction in P. angustifolia using Murashige and Skoog (MS), woody plant (WPM), and Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) culture media supplanted with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The disinfection of the axillary buds was performed with a 70.23% success rate on a basal MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃). Uniform and axenic explants were then cultured on MS, WPM, and LS media enriched with different concentrations of BAP, 0.3 mg·L⁻¹ GA₃, and 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ IBA. The highest multiplication coefficient (2.389) was obtained for the MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg·L⁻¹ BAP. After one month, newly formed micro-shoots were transferred to rooting media (MS, WPM, and LS) containing different concentrations of IBA, together with a constant concentration of 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ BAP. The micro-shoots were kept in the dark for one week and then cultured in a 16/8 h light/dark regime. The MS medium supplemented with 1 mg·L⁻¹ IBA was the most effective in stimulating rooting (88.76% of micro-shoots). The highest number of roots (3.5 per micro-shoot) was produced in the MS medium enriched with 1.5 mg·L⁻¹ IBA. The rooted plantlets were transferred into pots filled with perlite and peat moss in a 2:1 proportion and acclimatized to ambient greenhouse conditions, with a resultant mean 92.84% survival rate. Thus, this protocol can be successfully applied for the in vitro mass propagation of P. angustifolia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2068 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shoot Induction, Multiplication, Rooting and Acclimatization of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.): An Important and Endangered Curcuma Species

by Zainol Haida, Uma Rani Sinniah, Jaafar Juju Nakasha and Mansor Hakiman

Horticulturae 2022, 8(8), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080740 - 17 Aug 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3324

Abstract

Curcuma caesia Roxb., commonly known as Kali Haldi or black turmeric, is one of the important species in the genus Curcuma. This species has been classified as one of the endangered Curcuma species due to the drastic decrement of this plant in its natural habitat. C. caesia has been overharvested for various purposes, including bioactive compound extraction to fulfill the pharmaceutical industry demand. Hence, this study was conducted to establish a protocol for the propagation of C. caesia via plant tissue culture techniques. In the shoot induction stage, three basal medium formulations, including Murashige and Skoog (MS medium), the combination of Murashige and Skoog macronutrients and B5 micronutrients (MSB5 medium) and woody plant medium (WPM medium) supplemented with 15 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), were used. The results found that the MSB5 medium was the most suitable basal medium formulation for shoot induction of C. caesia. In the subsequent experiment, different types of cytokinin, including BAP, kinetin and 2-iP at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 μM, were fortified in the MSB5 medium for shoot multiplication. The shoot multiplication was further enhanced by supplementing the MSB5 medium with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at the concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 μM. The results showed that a combination of 15 μM of BAP and 6 μM of IBA significantly increased the shoot multiplication with 100% shoot induction, 3.53 shoots/explant, 10.81 cm of shoot length, 9.57 leaves, 0.486 g of leaves fresh weight and 0.039 g of leaves dry weight. After the multiplication, the rooting stage was carried out by altering the basal medium strength into half and full strength and supplementing with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μM of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The full strength of MSB5 medium supplemented with 5 μM of IAA exhibited the highest number of roots and length of roots, with 6.13 roots and 5.37 cm, respectively. After the rooting stage, the plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the potting medium with the combination of cocopeat and peatmoss, and the ratio of 1:1 was found to produce the highest survival rate with 77.78%. In conclusion, the protocol established in this study could be useful for large-scale raw material production, either for conservation or bioactive compound extraction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 1300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Artificial Polyploidization in Ajuga reptans on Content of Selected Biologically Active Glycosides and Phytoecdysone

by Božena Navrátilová, Vladan Ondřej, Naděžda Vrchotová, Jan Tříska, Štěpán Horník and Roman Pavela

Horticulturae 2022, 8(7), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070581 - 27 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1512

Abstract

Polyploidization in plants, which involves doubling or further multiplying of genome, has the potential to improve the constituents that make medicinal plants, like Ajuga reptans, attractive to the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food production industries; botanical pesticide effects could also be derived. The aim of this study was to determine how artificial polyploidization in A. reptans plants affected the composition and quantity of biologically active substances from the glycoside and phytoecdysone families. Diploids and artificial tetraploids of A. reptans were analyzed. Changes in the contents of trans-teupolioside, trans-verbascoside, and 20-hydroxyecdysone were evident in the aboveground parts of the cultivated plants (e.g., leaves and flowers). The tetraploid lines of Ajuga plants displayed variability in, and increased levels of, trans-teupolioside and trans-verbascoside content. The 20-hydroxecdysone content was slightly higher in tetraploids. These findings indicated that Ajuga tetraploids could be used in breeding programs to enhance the yield of substances with potential medicinal and industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

15 pages, 1658 KiB

Open AccessReview

In Vitro Propagation of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.): A Review

by Meriyem Koufan, Ilham Belkoura and Mouaad Amine Mazri

Horticulturae 2022, 8(8), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080737 - 17 Aug 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3027

Abstract

Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a shrubby plant species recalcitrant to vegetative propagation and generally difficult to propagate by seeds. This is due to the difficulties associated with seed germination, root induction from stem cuttings, and plant hardening. Propagation by tissue culture would be a good alternative and promising approach to overcome the limitations of conventional propagation. Tissue culture methods can be used for the clonal propagation of caper plants. Indeed, in many plant species, micropropagation has played a decisive role in the rapid and large-scale production of uniform and genetically stable plants. Tissue culture methods can also be used in genetic improvement and conservation programs. In this review, we first provided an overview on caper and its conventional means of propagation, then we described the different methods of caper micropropagation, i.e., in vitro seed germination and seedling development, propagation by nodal segmentation of elongated shoots (i.e., microcuttings), and adventitious organogenesis. These micropropagation methods can make it possible to overcome all the obstacles preventing large-scale propagation and genetic improvement of caper. Thus, the most updated information on the progress made in the field of caper micropropagation is reported and future perspectives are outlined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (14 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI