Functional Characteristics of Plant Protein: From Molecular Structure to Innovative Applications

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2026 | Viewed by 3578

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
2. College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
3. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Interests: structured lipids; immobilized lipase; plant protein; functional foods; bioactive compounds; agricultural by-products; food preservation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
2. College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
3. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Interests: plant proteins; protein–phenolic interactions; protein hydrolysates; techno-functional properties; food processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Interests: plant proteins; protein–phenolic interactions; protein hydrolysates; techno-functional properties; food processing

E-Mail
Guest Editor Assistant
College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
Interests: emulion gels; plant proteins; polysaccharide; protein-polysaccharide interactions; food processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the context of the global shift towards sustainable development and healthy diets, plant proteins are experiencing unprecedented attention and growth opportunities due to their health, environmental, and ethical advantages. Their unique functional properties—such as solubility, emulsification, gelation, and foaming—are the key to their successful application in food, health products, and other industrial sectors. To deeply explore the latest scientific breakthroughs and cutting-edge advances in this field, we are pleased to announce a Special Issue on "Functional Characteristics of Plant Protein: From Molecular Structure to Innovative Applications" in [Foods]. We cordially invite colleagues worldwide to submit high-quality research papers or reviews.

  1. Background and Aim

This Special Issue aims to create an interdisciplinary platform to systematically elucidate the intrinsic relationship between the "Structure-Function-Application" of plant proteins. We welcome submissions investigating the mechanistic aspects of protein structure from the molecular, colloidal, to macroscopic scales, as well as applied research dedicated to modifying protein functionality through physical, chemical, or biotechnological means for their eventual translation into innovative products. This issue hopes to bring together a complete chain of achievements from fundamental to applied research, providing solid theoretical support and technical momentum for the scientific development and commercialization of the plant protein industry.

  1. Scope of Topics

This Special Issue covers all areas related to the functional properties of plant proteins, including but not limited to:

2.1. Mechanisms and Fundamental Research:

Analysis of molecular structure and structure-function relationships of plant proteins; mechanisms of protein-protein, protein-polysaccharide, and protein-polyphenol interactions; structural evolution and functional response of plant proteins during processing (e.g., heat, shear, pH change); construction and characterization of multi-scale structures (e.g., nanofibers, colloidal particles); Modification Technologies and Strategies: Physical modification (ultrasound, heat treatment, high-pressure homogenization, etc.); chemical modification (acylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, etc.); enzymatic modification (cross-linking, hydrolysis, etc.); combined modifications and other emerging modification technologies

2.2. Functional Properties and Application Development:

Systematic evaluation of emulsification, gelation, foaming, solubility, water/oil holding capacity, etc.; innovative applications in plant-based meat alternatives, dairy alternatives, beverages, baked goods, etc.; application of plant proteins as carriers for active ingredients (e.g., encapsulating probiotics, vitamins); texture regulation and flavor masking strategies

2.3. Nutrition and Health:

The relationship between functional properties and digestibility, bioavailability, allergenicity of plant proteins, and strategies for their reduction; the potential of functional properties in Foods for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) or precision nutrition.

Prof. Dr. Zheling Zeng
Dr. Xianghui Yan
Guest Editors

Dr. Dongze Li
Dr. Xiujie Zhao
Guest Editor Assistants

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant protein
  • functional properties
  • structure-function relationship
  • protein modification
  • food colloids
  • emulsification
  • gelation
  • plant-based foods

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3109 KB  
Article
Cinnamaldehyde/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Enhances Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Edible Orally Disintegrating Film
by Yaxin Zhou, Yachao Tian, Haojie Sha, Caihua Liu, Shutao Guo and Zhongjiang Wang
Foods 2026, 15(8), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15081410 - 17 Apr 2026
Viewed by 409
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in orally disintegrating films (ODFs), developing soy protein isolate (SPI)-based ODFs with both rapid disintegration and high functional stability remains a challenge. This study developed a novel SPI-based ODF incorporated with a cinnamaldehyde/β-cyclodextrin (CA/β-CD) inclusion complex at varying concentrations [...] Read more.
Despite the growing interest in orally disintegrating films (ODFs), developing soy protein isolate (SPI)-based ODFs with both rapid disintegration and high functional stability remains a challenge. This study developed a novel SPI-based ODF incorporated with a cinnamaldehyde/β-cyclodextrin (CA/β-CD) inclusion complex at varying concentrations (5–20%, w/w) to address this gap. The control ODF exhibited poor structural order, a slow disintegration rate, and weak antioxidant activity. The incorporation of an appropriate amount of CA/β-CD inclusion complex (10–15%) significantly improved the comprehensive properties of the ODFs. The inclusion complex facilitated the formation of an orderly, continuous network structure, leading to a substantial enhancement in tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), disintegration rate, thermal stability, and sustained antioxidant activity. An excessive inclusion complex concentration (20%) induced agglomeration, compromising the structural integrity and functionality of the ODF. FTIR and secondary structure analyses revealed that the enhanced hydrogen bonding between the CA/β-CD inclusion complex and the SPI matrix promoted the transformation of disordered protein structures into ordered conformations (β-sheets and α-helices). This structural ordering is the core mechanism driving the improved macroscopic physicochemical and functional properties of the ODFs. This study confirms that CA/β-CD inclusion complexes can enhance the performance of SPI-based ODFs and provide a highly promising delivery system for hydrophobic bioactive substances. Full article
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29 pages, 4517 KB  
Article
Microwave-Induced Structural Remodeling of Legume Proteins: Structure–Function–Nutrition Relationships and Their Improved Performance in Wheat Flour Fortification
by Nikhil Dnyaneshwar Patil, Prabhat Kumar, Aarti Bains, Minaxi Sharma, Kandi Sridhar, Prince Chawla and Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj
Foods 2026, 15(3), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15030580 - 5 Feb 2026
Viewed by 882
Abstract
The study explored the impact of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) on the physicochemical, structural, functional, and antioxidant properties of protein concentrates from white pea (Lathyrus sativus), red gram (Cajanus cajan), and black gram (Vigna mungo). The objective was [...] Read more.
The study explored the impact of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) on the physicochemical, structural, functional, and antioxidant properties of protein concentrates from white pea (Lathyrus sativus), red gram (Cajanus cajan), and black gram (Vigna mungo). The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of MAE as a sustainable green extraction technique compared to the conventional method. Total amino acid content increased in MAE protein from 69.23 to 72.78 g/100 g powder in white pea protein (WPP), 69.41 to 72.39 g/100 g powder in red gram protein (RGP), and 65.56 to 70.30 g/100 g powder in black gram protein (BGP). Functionally, MAE significantly improved solubility and emulsifying capacity and water- and oil-holding capacities. Bioactive evaluation showed a significant increase in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, followed by improved DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activities. A reduction in tannins and phytic acid correlated with enhanced in vitro protein digestibility. These enhanced MAE-derived proteins further demonstrated superior performance when incorporated into wheat flour, improving its nutritional and functional properties. Overall, MAE protein demonstrated improved structural integrity, antioxidant potential, and digestibility, highlighting white pea protein as the most responsive legume to MAE, followed by red and black gram. Full article
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Review

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32 pages, 1577 KB  
Review
Nanoemulsion Encapsulation of Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Advances in Technology, Bioaccessibility and Applications
by Ting Zeng, Fei Song, Zhen Yang, Xianghui Yan, Lianzhou Jiang, Dongze Li and Zhaoxian Huang
Foods 2026, 15(1), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15010156 - 3 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1912
Abstract
This review emphasizes key findings regarding nanoemulsions utilized as carriers for fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs). The stability of FSV-loaded nanoemulsions is chiefly determined by the emulsifier type and concentration, carrier oil type, oil composition and concentration, and droplet size. Natural emulsifiers such as saponins, [...] Read more.
This review emphasizes key findings regarding nanoemulsions utilized as carriers for fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs). The stability of FSV-loaded nanoemulsions is chiefly determined by the emulsifier type and concentration, carrier oil type, oil composition and concentration, and droplet size. Natural emulsifiers such as saponins, lecithin, and proteins, in conjunction with long-chain triglycerides (LCT) such as olive and corn oils, prove beneficial in enhancing FSVs’ bioavailability. Despite the established effectiveness of nanoemulsions in enhancing FSVs’ stability and bioaccessibility, the safety of FSV encapsulation within nanoemulsions remains incompletely understood. Importantly, relying solely on in vitro studies is inadequate to simulate the actual gastrointestinal behavior of nanoemulsion systems. Future investigations should prioritize encapsulating FSVs in natural emulsifier-stabilized nanoemulsions and incorporate both in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore the gastrointestinal destiny of these delivery systems. This review offers crucial insights for the systematic development of FSV-enriched functional foods utilizing nanoemulsion technology. Full article
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