Towards the Sustainable Treatment of Organic Wastes via Various Novel Biotechnologies, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Fermentation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2026) | Viewed by 2897

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
Interests: anaerobic fermentation; bioenergy and resource recovery from organic waste; biogas upgrading; biochemicals production
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Interests: wastewater treatment; membrane bioreactor; advanced wastewater treatment technologies; treatment and disposal of sludge; membrane separation technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The vast production of various organic wastes, such as food waste, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste, is an ongoing global concern prompting constant research and engineering efforts. The conventional treatment technologies that have historically dominated the field play an essential role in disposing of or stabilizing these wastes; however, they neglect the potential resources preserved in these wastes. Due to the challenges of climate change and escalating energy prices, a reevaluation of the traditional approaches to waste and the wastes themselves is impending.

At present, biotechnologies offer a promising paradigm shift in waste (water) treatment. These include fungal, bacterial, or enzymatic pretreatments; anaerobic digestion; fermentation; and electrochemical biotechnologies—which not only significantly reduce the pollutants in wastes and elevate their potential but also convert these wastes into valuable products, such as bioenergy, biofuels, and biochemicals, with relatively low energy expenses. The recent advancements in biotechnologies, including fungal and various enzymatic pretreatments, fermentation, and anaerobic electrochemical technologies, as well as the value-added products harvested from the processes used to treat wastes, are substantially broadening in application and furthering our understanding of their potential. All these innovations provide viable options for efficient and sustainable approaches to organic waste treatment while facilitating energy and resource recovery.

The objective of this Special Issue is to spotlight recent groundbreaking research and review papers focusing on various biotechnologies, including bio-pretreatment approaches aiming to recover either energy (e.g., methane, hydrogen, electricity) or resources (e.g., biochemicals such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, VFAs, MCFA, PHA) from organic wastes. Additionally, we encourage the submission of papers discussing the development of low-carbon or energy-neutral or -positive waste treatment systems based on biotechnologies, as well as LCA studies on the wastes themselves. Authors interested in submitting review papers are welcome and should contact the editors beforehand to ensure that their topics align with the scope of the journal.

Prof. Dr. Xuedong Zhang
Dr. Xuefeng Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • organic waste treatment
  • food waste
  • agricultural waste
  • biotechnology
  • anaerobic fermentation
  • enzymatic pretreatment
  • bioenergy recovery
  • resource recovery
  • carbon neutralization
  • sustainability
  • life cycle assessment (LCA)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1393 KB  
Article
Seasonal Variations in Characteristics of Municipal Sludge and Their Impact on Anaerobic Digestion
by Rangling Li, Yankun Gao, Weiming Shao, Peng Liu, Haihong Zhang, Chi Zhang and Hui Sun
Fermentation 2026, 12(5), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation12050223 - 30 Apr 2026
Viewed by 618
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is crucial for safe treatment and energy recovery from municipal sludge. However, seasonal variations in sludge physicochemical properties challenge the continuous, stable operation of anaerobic digestion systems. To investigate the seasonal variations in characteristics of municipal sludge and their impact, this [...] Read more.
Anaerobic digestion is crucial for safe treatment and energy recovery from municipal sludge. However, seasonal variations in sludge physicochemical properties challenge the continuous, stable operation of anaerobic digestion systems. To investigate the seasonal variations in characteristics of municipal sludge and their impact, this study collected sludge samples from a Beijing plant over a year, analyzed their properties and microbial communities, and evaluated their biogas potential through four-week batch anaerobic digestion tests. The results demonstrated that spring sludge exhibited the highest organic matter (68.7% of total solids, TS), including soluble proteins, sugars, and lipids, while the lignocellulose content peaked in autumn (17% TS). These fluctuations were primarily driven by variations in rainfall, temperature, and human activities. The microbial community shifted significantly: Proteiniclasticum and other hydrolytic bacteria were dominant in spring, whereas Candidatus_Microthrix was notably enriched in winter. Consequently, the biochemical methane potential (BMP) was highest in spring (342.5 mL/g volatile solids) and lowest in autumn (255.8 mL/g volatile solids). Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between BMP and soluble protein content, and a weak negative correlation with cellulose content. These findings provide essential data support for seasonal regulation of sludge anaerobic digestion systems, facilitating strategies to achieve stable biogas production. Full article
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13 pages, 1179 KB  
Article
Biological Pretreatment of Cynodon sp. Using Trametes hirsuta: Influence on Enzymatic Activity and Anaerobic Bioconversion
by Sergio Hernández-Suárez, Jennifer López-Sánchez, Julio César García-Martínez, Paulina Gutiérrez-Macías and Odín Rodríguez-Nava
Fermentation 2026, 12(5), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation12050217 - 28 Apr 2026
Viewed by 698
Abstract
Garden pruning waste from Cynodon sp. is a lignocellulosic resource with high lignin content, which limits anaerobic digestion efficiency. White-rot fungi degrade biomass through solid-state fermentation (SSF). The efficacy of these organisms, however, depends on the balanced removal of lignin and the subsequent [...] Read more.
Garden pruning waste from Cynodon sp. is a lignocellulosic resource with high lignin content, which limits anaerobic digestion efficiency. White-rot fungi degrade biomass through solid-state fermentation (SSF). The efficacy of these organisms, however, depends on the balanced removal of lignin and the subsequent preservation of fermentable carbohydrates. The present study evaluated the effect of SSF durations (8, 21, and 36 days) with Trametes hirsuta on enzymatic activity and subsequent biogas production. Laccase activity increased progressively, reaching 983.84 U/L at 36 days, while manganese and versatile peroxidases peaked at 21 days. Fungal-pretreated samples exhibited reduced methane yields, with a maximum of 225.32 NmL/gVS at 8 days, compared with untreated biomass (381.66 NmL/gVS). The total lignin content increased across treatments, suggesting the formation of pseudo-lignin during autoclave sterilization, while glucose and xylose decreased. These results underscore the complexity of optimizing fungal pretreatment and highlight the need to balance fermentation time to preserve carbohydrates while modifying lignin structure. Full article
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12 pages, 481 KB  
Article
2G Ethanol Production from a Cellulose Derivative
by Elton C. Grossi, Romulo D. A. Andrade, Paulo A. Z. Suarez and Sarah S. Brum
Fermentation 2025, 11(12), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11120676 - 3 Dec 2025
Viewed by 928
Abstract
The conversion of cellulose into glucose has been a major challenge in improving the competitiveness of 2G ethanol production due to the inefficiency of pre-treatment and the high degree of crystallinity of the cellulose. This study examined the effect of replacing cellulose hydroxyl [...] Read more.
The conversion of cellulose into glucose has been a major challenge in improving the competitiveness of 2G ethanol production due to the inefficiency of pre-treatment and the high degree of crystallinity of the cellulose. This study examined the effect of replacing cellulose hydroxyl groups with acetyl groups on the hydrolysis yield. Cellulose compounds and cellulose acetate were characterized using FTIR, and the degree of substitution of the cellulose acetate was determined chemically. The crystallinity of the materials was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The results of the hydrolysis reaction analysis showed that the substitution of hydroxyl groups in cellulose with acetyl groups favored acid hydrolysis, yielding high glucose yields. For the fermentation test of the hydrolysate, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used. Fermentation reached values close to maximum efficiency. These results open up new avenues for acid hydrolysis based on the chemical modification of cellulose.: Full article
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