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Integrated Energy Systems: Design and Operation Optimization

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 6983

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Thomas Kienberger

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Guest Editor

Energy Network Technology, Montanuniversitat Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
Interests: modeling, simulation and optimization of complex energy systems to reach climate neutrality

Prof. Dr. Sonja Wogrin

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Guest Editor

Institute of Electricity Economics and Energy Innovation, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: mathematical modeling and optimization of energy systems; bilevel programming; expansion planning and techno-economic analyses on the path towards decarbonization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are at the beginning of a large-scale transformation of our energy systems towards a supply of renewable energy sources. To use renewable energies as effectively as possible, increasing primary energy efficiency measures are crucial. In addition to such energy coverage aspects in future energy systems, the management of volatile energy generation resulting from wind, water, and PV will play an essential role. Energy storage (e.g., in the form of hydrogen, heat, batteries, hydro reservoirs, etc.) will be a key factor in counterbalancing system uncertainty stemming from short-term intermittency to long-term seasonalities. Demand-Side Management (DSM) enables flexibility on the consumer side. Integrated energy systems, also referred to as multi-energy systems (or MES), interlink multiple energy carriers such as Power, Gas, and Heat over the traditional energy-economic sectors. This integration gives rise to unprecedented high overall energy system efficiency and flexibility. However, these highly integrated energy systems do not exist yet on a large scale and hence need to be designed and operated very carefully. We therefore require novel scientific approaches and techno-economic analyses which holistically consider the complex overall system behaviour. They rely on mathematical modelling and optimization to find multi-energy solutions for integrating renewables and flexibility options and for considering grid-relevant aspects. This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to this regard.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

Optimization-based integrated energy-system scenarios;
(Multi-point) operation optimization in MES considering various (multi) target functions (cost-, energy-, or CO₂-minimization);
Unit commitment problems;
Assessment of energy storage and Demand-Side Management in low-carbon energy systems;
Techno-economic analyses of technologies and services in integrated energy systems;
Multi energy systems grid planning and design;
Design and operation optimization of integrated energy systems in industry;
Transition in transportation and its impact on integration energy systems;
Development of open-software tools for design and/or operation optimization of integrated energy systems.

Prof. Dr. Thomas Kienberger
Prof. Dr. Sonja Wogrin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

energy system modeling
energy system optimization
expansion planning
decarbonization or climate neutrality

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 993 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Unit Commitment of Combined-Cycle Units with Real Operational Constraints

by Mauro González-Sierra and Sonja Wogrin

Energies 2024, 17(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010051 - 21 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 772

Abstract

This paper highlights the importance of accurately modeling the operational constraints of Combined-Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGTs) within a unit-commitment framework. In practice, in Colombia, when given an initial dispatch by the Independent System Operator, CCGT plants are operated according to the results of heuristic simulation codes. Such heuristics often omit technical operating constraints, including hot, warm, or cold startup ramps; the minimum operation hours required for a gas turbine to start a steam turbine; the relationship between the dispatched number of steam and gas turbines; the load distribution among gas turbines; and supplementary fires. Most unit-commitment models in the literature represent standard technical constraints like startup, shutdown, up/down ramps, and in some cases, supplementary fires. However, they typically overlook other real-life CCGT operating constraints, which were considered in this work. These constraints are crucial in integrated energy systems to avoid equipment damage, which can potentially put CCGT plants out of service and ultimately lead to lower operating costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Energy Systems: Design and Operation Optimization)

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12 pages, 1582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Control System of Electric Water Heaters for Decarbonization

by Ahmet Feyzioglu

Energies 2023, 16(5), 2439; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052439 - 3 Mar 2023

Viewed by 2435

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have significantly increased in recent years as a result of population rise and the increase in the number of residences, with high levels of energy use in homes and household appliances. It is crucial to move the housing industry away from high-carbon sources and toward low-carbon sources in order to minimize greenhouse gas emissions as a precaution. One of the most crucial systems that needs to be provided in order to achieve energy efficiency is the electric water heater (EWH), as they rank among the top electricity consumers. In this study, a double-tank EWH model was developed and simulated at various tank sizes (100 L, 200 L, 300 L and 400 L) and power ratios (1 kW, 2 kW, 3kW and 4 kW) in order to demonstrate energy efficiency. To obtain information for the simulation analysis of the tanks, the hourly water usage of 25 houses was measured. The single-tank and the double-tank models created for this study were both run in the Matlab/Simulink environment with an on-off controller applied, and their energy consumption was compared. Amounts were also determined based on how much energy both tanks consumed. It has been noted that the amount of GHG emissions is also reduced because the double tank uses less energy than the single tank does. The simulation showed that compared to the single tank, the dual tank produced 46.62% less GHG emissions at 45 W power and 47.51% less GHG emissions at 80 W. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Energy Systems: Design and Operation Optimization)

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19 pages, 1504 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Power and Economic Analysis of Austria’s Renewable Electricity Transformation

by Robert Gaugl, Mark Sommer, Claudia Kettner, Udo Bachhiesl, Thomas Klatzer, Lia Gruber, Michael Böheim, Kurt Kratena and Sonja Wogrin

Energies 2023, 16(5), 2229; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052229 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1699

Abstract

Austria has set the goal to transform its electricity sector to 100% renewable energy sources by 2030. The transition to highly renewable power systems is not only a technical challenge but also has economic implications due to high investment needs. Furthermore, electricity price and demand are interlaced and influence each other, which requires both technical and economic analyses. In order to provide these comprehensive integrated analyses, we present a novel approach of linking the technical model of the continental European electricity system ATLANTIS with the macroeconomic model DYNK. This allows us, inter alia, to analyze the effects of increasing shares of renewables on wholesale electricity prices and demand, and to perform a sensitivity analysis with respect to CO₂ prices. Our results show that increasing CO₂ prices greatly affect coal-fired generation abroad, which in turn promotes the role of gas-fired generation, at least until 2030. For Austria, this results in increased national gas-fired generation and electricity exports. Therefore, gas-fired power plants still determine the Austrian market price for electricity in the merit order, which leads to higher electricity prices due to CO

_{2}

pricing. In turn, however, higher electricity prices only cause a marginal reduction in the electricity demand in Austria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Energy Systems: Design and Operation Optimization)

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13 pages, 3373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Liquid Air Energy Storage Model for Scheduling Purposes in Island Power Systems

by Mohammad Rajabdorri, Lukas Sigrist and Enrique Lobato

Energies 2022, 15(19), 6958; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196958 - 22 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1311

Abstract

Moving towards clean energy generation seems essential. To do so, renewable energy penetration is growing in the power systems. Although energy sources such as wind and solar are clean, they are not available consistently. Using energy storage will help to tackle variability. Liquid air energy storage is gaining attention among different energy storage technologies, as it is a promising option for grid-scale energy storage. This paper presents a detailed mixed integer linear model of liquid air energy storage to be used in scheduling and planning problems. A comprehensive cycle diagram of different processes of liquid air energy storage is presented, and a model has been developed accordingly. Simulations of the proposed model are carried out for the power system of Tenerife island and compared with the basic models. Basic models overlook specific characteristics of liquid air energy storage systems, such as charging and discharging start energy. Results confirm that the use of simple models will lead to misleading conclusions and overestimate the economic benefits of liquid air energy storage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Energy Systems: Design and Operation Optimization)

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