Macro- and Micronutrient Regulation in Human Metabolic and Multisystem Diseases

Dear Colleagues,

Mineral ions, including calcium, phosphate, magnesium, zinc, iron, and selenium, are fundamental to human physiology. They support a wide range of processes, including skeletal integrity, muscle contraction, neuronal signaling, oxygen transport, enzymatic activity, immune defense, and energy metabolism. Equally important, macronutrients, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, serve as primary sources of energy and structural components and play central roles in cellular signaling, metabolic regulation, and tissue function. Their metabolism is closely integrated with mineral ion homeostasis, with reciprocal effects on absorption, transport, and utilization.

Mineral ion concentrations are tightly regulated through coordinated actions of the intestine, kidneys, endocrine systems, and specialized cellular transport mechanisms. Disruption of this finely tuned balance, whether involving mineral ions, macronutrients, or their interactions, can lead to significant pathological consequences. Accumulating evidence indicates that both deficiencies and excesses of these nutrients contribute to the onset and progression of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, neurological disorders, and other chronic conditions.

This topic is of considerable importance because mineral ion imbalances are common, often underrecognized, and clinically significant across a broad range of diseases. A deeper understanding of mineral metabolism can improve early risk identification, elucidate disease mechanisms, and inform more effective prevention and treatment strategies. It is also a timely area of research, as emerging evidence continues to reveal complex interactions among mineral ions, vitamins, hormones, and organ systems, particularly in metabolic and chronic diseases.

This Special Issue aims to advance understanding of the roles of mineral ions and macronutrients in human health and disease, with a focus on underlying molecular mechanisms, physiological regulation, and their integrated effects on metabolic and systemic function. It will highlight disease associations, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic strategies related to mineral ion imbalance and macronutrient metabolism, while promoting greater awareness of the importance of monitoring nutrient status in disease prevention and management.

Prof. Dr. Mohammed Shawkat Razzaque
Guest Editor

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