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Encyclopedia, Volume 2, Issue 2

2022 June - 35 articles

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Articles (35)

  • Entry
  • Open Access
33 Citations
17,423 Views
15 Pages

15 June 2022

Economic growth, urban development and the prosperity of the automobile industry have driven a huge shift in global urban transportation from walking to public transportation and then to automobiles. Private mobility has become an important part of r...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
20 Citations
17,885 Views
14 Pages

Sustainable Fashion—Rationale and Policies

  • Meital Peleg Mizrachi and
  • Alon Tal

13 June 2022

Sustainable fashion refers to efforts to minimize the fashion industry’s adverse environmental and social impacts. This entry describes the industry’s entire production chain: from polyester production, cotton growth and wasteful fashion...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3,162 Views
16 Pages

Effect of Probiotics on Host-Microbial Crosstalk: A Review on Strategies to Combat Diversified Strain of Coronavirus

  • Susrita Sahoo,
  • Swati Mohapatra,
  • Swayam prava Dalai,
  • Namrata Misra and
  • Mrutyunjay Suar

The scare of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), does not seem to fade away, while there is a constant emergence of novel deadly variants including Alph...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,019 Views
10 Pages

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are in vitro models that can incorporate dynamic stimuli such as flow, pressure and contraction in cell culture, enabling the formation of cellular architectures and retrieving physiological function often absent in...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
27 Citations
8,112 Views
12 Pages

Homogenization Methods of Lattice Materials

  • Jacobs Somnic and
  • Bruce W. Jo

The existing methods for analyzing the behaviors of lattice materials require high computational power. The homogenization method is the alternative way to overcome this issue. Homogenization is an analysis to understand the behavior of an area of la...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,141 Views
13 Pages

Geographic Information System and Atomized Transportation Modes

  • Mohammad Anwar Alattar,
  • Mark Beecroft and
  • Caitlin Cottrill

Transportation is a spatial activity. The geographic Information System (GIS) is the process of capturing, managing, analyzing, and presenting spatial data. GIS techniques are essential to the study of various aspects of transportation. In this entry...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,416 Views
23 Pages

This entry presents the theoretical fundamentals, the mathematical formulation, and the numerical solution for the problem of desiccation cracks in clayey soils. The formulation uses two stress state variables (total stress and suction) and results i...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,586 Views
15 Pages

Social Entrepreneurship Conceptual Approaches

  • Alcides Almeida Monteiro,
  • José Carlos Sánchez-García,
  • Brizeida Raquel Hernández-Sánchez and
  • Giuseppina Maria Cardella

Social entrepreneurship defines organizations or initiatives that, by producing and/or transacting goods or services, seek new solutions to persistent social problems, thus generating high social value. In other words, that deliberately subject their...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,387 Views
14 Pages

Fungal cellulolytic enzymes are carbohydrate active enzymes (CAzymes) essential for the deconstruction of the plant cell wall. Cellulolytic activity is described in some glycoside hydrolases (GH-cellulases) and in auxiliary activities (AA-cellulases)...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
22 Citations
8,093 Views
16 Pages

Oxidation of Antipsychotics

  • Natalia A. Shnayder,
  • Aiperi K. Abdyrakhmanova and
  • Regina F. Nasyrova

Antipsychotics (APs) are psychotropic drugs that generally have a psycholeptic effect, capable of reducing psychotic symptoms and psychomotor agitation. This class of drugs is widely used in psychiatric practice, especially for the treatment of psych...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
51 Citations
22,005 Views
22 Pages

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

  • Thi-Thao-Linh Nguyen and
  • Van-An Duong

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are produced from physiologically biocompatible lipids. They have been proven to improve solubility, cellular uptake, and stability, reduce enzyme degradation, and prolong the circulation time of various drugs. SLNs h...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,507 Views
9 Pages

Genome-editing systems such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology have uncovered new opportunities to model diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CRISPR/Cas9 is an important means of advancing...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,824 Views
16 Pages

Anxiety, Depression, and Other Emotional Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review of the Risk Factors and Risk Groups

  • Polina Kassaeva,
  • Elena Belova,
  • Ekaterina Shashina,
  • Denis Shcherbakov,
  • Valentina Makarova,
  • Boris Ershov,
  • Vitaly Sukhov,
  • Nadezhda Zabroda,
  • Natarajan Sriraam and
  • Yury Zhernov
  • + 1 author

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of our lives, including mental health. Identifying risk factors and risk groups associated with anxiety, depression, and other emotional disorders for reasons related to the COVID-19 pandemic is highly...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
5 Citations
7,176 Views
19 Pages

In primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), dual-modular stems were introduced to better restore hip stability, femoral offset, and leg length. This entry highlights the gathered knowledge about dual-modular stems and related complications in combinatio...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,434 Views
11 Pages

Bagnoli Urban Regeneration through Phytoremediation

  • Clelia Cirillo,
  • Barbara Bertoli,
  • Giovanna Acampora and
  • Loredana Marcolongo

The Bagnolidistrict in Naples has needed urban redevelopmentfor many years. The area is not only affected by pollution caused by many industries but also by environmental pollutants, according togeognostic surveys that have found numerous contaminant...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,887 Views
9 Pages

Extracellular Vesicles and Immunomodulation in Mosquitoes and Ticks

  • Brenda Leal-Galvan,
  • Charluz Arocho Rosario and
  • Adela Oliva Chávez

Extracellular vesicles are small blebs that are secreted by cells, which are lipid-rich and contain proteomic and genomic material (including small RNAs, mRNA, and plasmid DNA). These materials are delivered into recipient cells leading to a phenotyp...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,295 Views
24 Pages

Recent Advances in Research on Molecular Mechanisms of Fungal Signaling

  • Stefan Jacob,
  • Sri Bühring and
  • Katharina Bersching

Biochemical signaling is one of the key mechanisms to coordinate a living organism in all aspects of its life. It is still enigmatic how exactly cells and organisms deal with environmental signals and irritations precisely because of the limited numb...

  • Review
  • Open Access
37 Citations
13,139 Views
62 Pages

Formulation in Surfactant Systems: From-Winsor-to-HLDN

  • Jean-Louis Salager,
  • Ronald Marquez,
  • Johnny Bullon and
  • Ana Forgiarini

Formulation is an ancient concept, although the word has been used only recently. The first formulations made our civilization advance by inventing bronze, steel, and gunpowder; then, it was used in medieval alchemy. When chemistry became a science a...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,621 Views
17 Pages

Mediterranean Diet, a Sustainable Cultural Asset

  • Vitor C. Barros and
  • Amélia M. Delgado

The Mediterranean diet is a dietary pattern and associated lifestyle that adopts mainly plant foods. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been acknowledged by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as an intangible c...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,954 Views
9 Pages

Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges and Proteins

  • Silvia Lucia Appleton,
  • Yousef Khazaei Monfared,
  • Francisco José Vidal-Sánchez,
  • Fabrizio Caldera,
  • Roberta Cavalli,
  • Francesco Trotta and
  • Adrián Matencio

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NSs) have gained importance in drug delivery in the last years due to their easy synthesis and versatility. However, their use as carriers for the delivery of macromolecules such as proteins is less known and someti...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
15 Citations
15,555 Views
23 Pages

Neuromarketing is the union of cognitive psychology, which studies mental processes, neurology and neurophysiology, which study the functioning and responses of the brain and body physiology to external stimuli, and marketing, which studies valuable...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,448 Views
12 Pages

Cottage Culture in Finland: Development and Perspectives

  • Lotta Häkkänen,
  • Hüseyin Emre Ilgın and
  • Markku Karjalainen

This entry provides an understanding of the past, present, and future of the Finnish cottage culture to create an overall picture of its development trajectory and its terminology, e.g., villa, in this context denoting a second home. Convenient, read...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,853 Views
15 Pages

About 250 million people affected, 779 million people at risk of infection, and 440 million people with residual morbidity are globally attributable to schistosomiasis. Highly sensitive and specific, simple, and fast to perform diagnostics are requir...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,499 Views
11 Pages

Simple Formulae, Deep Learning and Elaborate Modelling for the COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Athanassios S. Fokas,
  • Nikolaos Dikaios,
  • Sotirios Tsiodras and
  • George A. Kastis

Predictive modelling of infectious diseases is very important in planning public health policies, particularly during outbreaks. This work reviews the forecasting and mechanistic models published earlier. It is emphasized that researchers’ fore...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,066 Views
10 Pages

John II Komnenos (1118–1143)

  • Maximilian Christopher George Lau

John II Komnenos was the son of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina, and brother of Princess Anna Komnene, the author of the Alexiad. Born in 1087, he was crowned soon after his fifth birthday as co-emperor with his father, and in 1105, he...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
80 Citations
25,643 Views
11 Pages

Entomopathogenic Fungi: Interactions and Applications

  • Spiridon Mantzoukas,
  • Foteini Kitsiou,
  • Dimitrios Natsiopoulos and
  • Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos

Entomopathogenic fungi are a special group of soil-dwelling microorganisms that infects and kills insects and other arthropods through cuticle penetration. They are currently used as biocontrol agents against insect plant pests and play a vital role...

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Encyclopedia - ISSN 2673-8392