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Earth, Volume 6, Issue 3

September 2025 - 51 articles

Cover Story: Machine learning models are widely used for streamflow prediction due to strong performance, but their data-driven nature hinders interpretation. This study examines Random Forest interpretability for high-streamflow events, comparing feature-importance methods. Mean decrease accuracy, impurity, SHAP, and Tornado highlight similar features, though Tornado differs most. The last observed streamflow demonstrates the highest importance (>20%), despite temporal variability. Results reveal a key catchment region influencing outlet flow. Accumulated local effects and partial dependence plots show infiltration and soil saturation before rainfall impacts streamflow. Short-term precipitation is critical during rising limbs (~72% importance), while prior streamflow dominates near peaks and falling limbs. Models may reasonably represent catchments and offer hydrological insights. View this paper
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Articles (51)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,855 Views
20 Pages

18 September 2025

Natural reserves in the West African drylands play a critical role in sustaining livelihoods and preserving ecological integrity. However, these ecosystems face growing threats from climate variability and anthropogenic pressure. This study assesses...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,138 Views
21 Pages

Comprehensive Assessment of Mercury Contamination and Health Risks from Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) in Sukabumi, Indonesia

  • Tia Agustiani,
  • Susi Sulistia,
  • Fuzi Suciati,
  • Agus Sudaryanto,
  • Fitri Yola Amandita,
  • Efadeswarni,
  • Rendi Handika,
  • Patrick Adu Poku,
  • Margaret Boohene and
  • Jun Kobayashi
  • + 4 authors

13 September 2025

Mercury (Hg) pollution from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a global environmental and public health concern. In Indonesia, ASGM remains widespread, yet assessments of multimedia contamination and health risks are limited. This study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,369 Views
22 Pages

Impact of Petroleum Coke (Petcoke) PM10 on the Urban Environment of the Port Terminals of Veracruz, Mexico

  • Xóchitl Citlalli Hernández-Silva,
  • Maria del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez,
  • Mario Diaz González,
  • Ángel Morán-Silva,
  • Fabiola Lango-Reynoso and
  • Olaya Pirene Castellanos-Onorio

11 September 2025

The Port of Veracruz, the main port in the Gulf of Mexico, has experienced a significant increase in its import and export operations, such as petroleum coke (Petcoke), a solid waste, mainly used in the steel industry. During the period of 2010&ndash...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,707 Views
26 Pages

Water Surface Loss and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon Biome by Farming Expansion and Weak Legislation

  • Anderson Targino da Silva Ferreira,
  • Maria Carolina Hernandez Ribeiro,
  • Regina Célia de Oliveira,
  • Maurício Lamano Ferreira and
  • Cassiano Gustavo Messias

10 September 2025

The study examines the relationship between water surface loss and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, focusing on the expansion of farming (crops and agriculture, as well as pasture and livestock) and the impact of inadequate legislation from 198...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,612 Views
25 Pages

9 September 2025

Lavender is a plant widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and it is also well known for producing nectar and pollen that bees use to make honey. However, due to increasingly adverse atmospheric conditions in recent years,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,088 Views
17 Pages

Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Different Land Uses in Tropical Andean Ecosystems and the Socio-Ecological Environment

  • Víctor Alfonso Mondragón Valencia,
  • Apolinar Figueroa Casas,
  • Diego Jesús Macias Pinto and
  • Rigoberto Rosas-Luis

8 September 2025

This study investigates the relationship between land use and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in tropical Andean ecosystems, introducing a socio-ecological perspective to assess how community conservation perceptions influence SOC storage and contr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
777 Views
17 Pages

5 September 2025

Backward Lagrangian stochastic modeling is widely used to estimate emission rates from land surfaces to the atmosphere. It is also applied to calculate concentrations of pollutants due to known emission sources. A key component of this modeling techn...

  • Article
  • Open Access
894 Views
18 Pages

3 September 2025

In the exploitation of ion-adsorption rare earth ores, the environmental effects of leaching agents are key constraints for green mining. Understanding the release behavior of typical heavy metals from soils under leaching conditions is of great sign...

  • Article
  • Open Access
960 Views
15 Pages

1 September 2025

Understanding the dispersion of volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO2) plumes is crucial for assessing their environmental and climatic impacts. This study integrates satellite-based and reanalysis datasets to simulate as well as visualise the dispersion pat...

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Earth - ISSN 2673-4834