Earth, Volume 6, Issue 4

The growing pressure on global cropland resources has become increasingly evident. Reconciling the urgency of cropland protection with long-term food demand is crucial for achieving resilient and sustainable cropland management. Here, we develop a co...

This study investigates the morphodynamic evolution of an embayed cobble beach located on a mesotidal cliff coast in northern Spain. La Maruca/Pinquel beach was selected for its distinctive geomorphological setting, perched on a well-sorted cobble su...

Coastal erosion poses a significant risk to the Romanian Black Sea coast, a region characterized by the interaction of natural geomorphological processes and anthropogenic pressures. The research focuses on developing a tool to quantify the cumulativ...

Oil and gas fields in subsidence-prone regions face multiple hazards that threaten the resilience of their infrastructure. This study presents an integrated risk mapping framework for the Yibal field in the Sultanate of Oman, utilizing remote sensing...

On 23 April 2023, a rotational landslide occurred at El Florón III (Portoviejo, Ecuador), triggered by intense rainfall that increased saturation and water pressure in the pores of the colluvial materials. Therefore, the current research predo...

This article discusses the issue of pasture degradation in the West Kazakhstan region, which has been caused by a significant rise in the population of saigas (Saiga tatarica). This study aims to quantify agricultural losses and establish the relatio...

Snowmelt recharge critically affects water table fluctuations in cold-region unconfined aquifers, where it serves as a primary source of groundwater. This study investigates the temporal and spatial variations in water table responses to snowmelt eve...

This study applies a quantitative model to assess natural resources and degradation risks in mountain ecosystems, focusing on ecotourism’s role in balancing economic growth and environmental preservation in Golija Nature Park. Results show mode...

In recent decades, the suspended sediment load (SSL) of many rivers around the world has shown a significant decreasing trend, which is particularly prominent in large river basins such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. One of the key challe...

A combined Differential InSAR (D-InSAR) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-based analysis revealed that earthquake-triggered landslides significantly altered river morphology and intensified flooding in the Kota Belud catchment, Sabah, Malaysia. This...

Water erosion is a major driver of soil degradation in arid and semi-arid regions, where the lack of vegetative cover and intense rainfall accelerate erosion processes. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of stone walls (SW...

This study investigated the geohydraulic properties of the Chaouia coastal aquifer in western Morocco through two-dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Five resistivity profiles were carried out and inverted to define subsurface lithol...

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an active microwave imaging system equipped with penetration capability, enabling all-time and all-weather Earth observation, and demonstrates significant advantages in large-scale surface water-body detection. Altho...

Monitoring microbial water quality at recreational beaches is essential to safeguard public health, with fecal coliforms serving as key indicators of contamination. This study applies machine learning (ML) techniques to predict fecal coliform concent...

Global warming is recognized as a climate crisis that extends beyond a mere increase in the Earth’s temperature, triggering rapid and widespread climatic changes worldwide. In particular, the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events h...

Boreholes in the Teleghma region of northeastern Algeria discharge thermal water with temperatures between 40 and 49 °C and total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 570 to 940 mg/L. The stable isotope compositions range from –7.8‰ t...

The concentration of air pollutants could be affected by climate change in industrial park zones in Hidalgo state, Mexico (IPHSs). The goals of this work were: (a) to describe the aerosols’ behavior (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) and air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂...

Bangladesh is highly susceptible to land use land cover (LULC) changes due to its geographical location and dense population. These changes have significant effects on food security, urban development, and natural resource management. Policy planning...

Agricultural crop yield prediction is vital for ensuring global food security and optimizing resource management amid the increasing challenges posed by climate change and extreme weather variability. This study investigates the use of discrete-time,...

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key indicator reflecting the ecological environmental disturbance caused by open-pit coal mining activities and determining the ecological status in alpine permafrost regions. Thus, it is crucial to study the spati...

Natural resource-endowed landscapes in many parts of the Global South play a crucial role in the livelihoods of communities. Such resource-endowed areas attract current and prospective resource-use actors, making them veritable hollow frontiers. Holl...

Wastewater contamination of freshwater ecosystems is a major driver of the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR). This preliminary study investigated the impact of wastewater pollution on the AR profiles of bacterial communities in the Oued–Z&ea...

The Mediterranean region is regarded as a hot spot on Earth because of its placement at the junction of many aerosols. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is closely related to the El Niño–...

The understanding of coastal ecosystems regarding variability and resilience under climatic and anthropogenic forcing is reliant upon long-term ecological records. We examined the Helgoland Roads time series (1968–2017), which includes temperat...

Spatially explicit tools are essential for assessing biodiversity and guiding land use decisions at broad scales. This study presents a national-level approach for evaluating habitat quality as a proxy indicator for biodiversity, using Latvia as a ca...

Soil erosion affects agricultural and environmental sustainability and needs to be addressed. The Cagayan de Oro River Basin (CDORB), one of the major river basins in the Philippines, provides economic, social, and environmental services to the city...

This study estimated the relative risks (RRs) of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity due to short-term ozone exposure in 13 polluted communes across Chile’s Santiago Metropolitan and Valparaíso regions. Data on daily o...

Tropical weather cities, such as Mérida in Yucatán, Mexico, are perceived as air pollution-free environments. This study aimed to evaluate the air quality in Mérida City over five years, focusing on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ as well as spat...

The Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS), recently released by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), represents a paradigm shift in global weather prediction by replacing traditional physically based methods wit...

The quality of water in rivers and their self-purification capacity are critical for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to analyze and compare various mathematical models of self-purification, assessing their applicability in res...

Understanding global precipitation trends is critical for managing water resources, anticipating extreme events, and assessing the impacts of climate change. This study analyzes spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation from 1998 to 2024 using N...

Fine spatial information of precipitation plays a significant role in regional eco-hydrological studies but remain challenging to derive from satellite observations, especially in complex terrain areas. Sichuan Province, located in the southwest of C...

REDD+ has emerged as a global strategy for reducing CO₂ emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and shows great promise for the Extractive Reserves of the Brazilian Amazon (RESEX). It is essential to assess whether REDD+ projects have eff...

Bangladesh is among the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, facing recurrent hazards that disrupt lives and livelihoods. Among these, heatwaves and cold snaps strongly affect electricity consumption, representing a key socio-economic imp...

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are eco-technologies used for wastewater treatment, where vegetation is a key component. In recent decades, the adaptability and phytoremediation functions of ornamental plants (OPs)—which are not typically found in n...

From 2011 to 2021, marine and brackish water aquaculture production in the Mediterranean and Black Seas increased by 91.3% in volume and 74.5% in value, primarily due to the rise in finfish marine aquaculture. In the Aegean Sea, a significant aquacul...

Coastal boulder deposits (CBDs) are important geomorphic indicators of extreme wave activity, yet integrated morphometric and hydrodynamic analyses remain limited along the Moroccan Atlantic coast. This study characterizes the morphology, spatial dis...

This study aimed to forecast monthly PM_2.5 concentrations in Zabol, one of the world’s most dust-prone regions, using four time series models: SARIMA, SARIMAX enhanced with Fourier terms (selected based on spectral peak analysis), TBATS, and a...

Climate change research is increasingly important in regions vulnerable to extreme hydrometeorological events like droughts, which pose significant socio-economic and environmental challenges. This study examines future variability of meteorological...

As climate variability intensifies, its impacts are increasingly visible through disrupted agricultural systems and rising food insecurity, especially in climate-sensitive regions. This study explores the complex relationships between environmental s...

The Nile, Indus, and Yellow River deltas are historically significant and have experienced extensive shoreline changes over the past 50 years, yet the roles of human interventions and natural events remain unclear. In this study, the Net Shoreline Mo...

The tasks and objectives of grassland management have changed significantly in recent decades. One of the key elements of adapting to climatic and economic challenges is the optimal use and future sustainability of grasslands. Ferenc Balázs&rs...

Comprehension of spatio-temporal groundwater recharge (GWR) under climate change is imperative to enhance water resources availability and management. The main aim of this study is to examine climate change’s effects on spatio-temporal GWR. Thi...

The sustainable management of water resources requires experts and also citizens who understand the hydrosphere and its key functions. To educate the public about water-related issues, various water literacy concepts have been developed. However, man...

Rapid urbanization and climate change demand innovative green solutions in city planning. Tiny forests—small artificial wooded areas in urban or peri-urban settings—are gaining attention. This paper explores the use of the Miyawaki method...

Aerosols from natural and anthropogenic sources exert significant yet highly variable influences on the Earth’s radiative balance characterized by pronounced spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Accurate quantification of these effects is crucia...

In Mexico, 95% of the population has access to drinking water sources, but only about 65% of domestic waste water is treated to safe levels. This study analyzes forty years of Mexican scientific production on water and waste water treatment through a...

Natural geogenic effects lead to alterations in soil heavy metal concentrations. This study assesses the presence of elevated trace-element concentrations in the Oued Irriri watershed in southeastern Morocco. ASTER satellite imagery, geochemical, and...

This study presents an integrated assessment of four decades (1985–2023) of environmental and climate alterations in the principal metropolitan conurbation of the eastern Brazilian Amazon, encompassing Belém and its adjacent municipaliti...