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6 pages, 182 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface: IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025

by Dragan Vujadinović, Milorad Tomić, Vesna Gojković Cvjetković, Milan Vukić, Milenko Smiljanić, Mitar Perušić, Slavko Smiljanić, Jelena Vuković, Milomirka Obrenović, Nebojša Vasiljević and Milenko Aćimović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099011 - 13 Jun 2025

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Abstract

The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025 took place in Ethno Village Stanišići, Bijeljina, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 2 to 4 April 2025 [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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9 pages, 645 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Dandelion Root Extract in a HCl Solution by Statistical Analysis

by Nebojša Vasiljević, Marija Mitrović, Regina Fuchs-Godec, Dragan Tošković and Milorad Tomić

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099001 - 9 Jun 2025

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Abstract

In this paper, the influence of steel type, inhibitor concentration, and time on the inhibitory effect of dandelion root extract in a 4% HCl solution was investigated. Two types of steel of known composition were used, and the inhibitory effect was monitored in [...] Read more.

In this paper, the influence of steel type, inhibitor concentration, and time on the inhibitory effect of dandelion root extract in a 4% HCl solution was investigated. Two types of steel of known composition were used, and the inhibitory effect was monitored in a time interval of 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h. Dandelion root extract was obtained by the Soxhlet method with 96% ethanol, and then dilutions (0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L, and 1.5 g/L) were made from the obtained extract in a 4% HCl solution. The optimization of the experimentally obtained results was performed using MINITAB 21 software. The optimal concentration of dandelion roots in the 4% HCl solution in terms of the inhibitory effect is 1.5 g/L, while time has no great influence on the inhibitory effect because the beneficial effect was already achieved after 2 h. In addition, better inhibition efficiency was observed in steel type 1. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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6 pages, 720 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Overview of Certified ISO 45001 OH&S Systems in the Regional Context

by Željko Đurić, Nataša Cvijanović, Duško Kostić, Mitar Perušić, Jelena Vuković and Nebojša Vasiljević

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099002 - 9 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Occupational health and safety (OH&S) and other management systems are crucial in enhancing the operational activities of organizations in regional countries improving their public image and ensuring safety. Despite the evident advantages, the practical implementation and integration of these systems frequently present substantial [...] Read more.

Occupational health and safety (OH&S) and other management systems are crucial in enhancing the operational activities of organizations in regional countries improving their public image and ensuring safety. Despite the evident advantages, the practical implementation and integration of these systems frequently present substantial challenges. These challenges can significantly influence an organization’s decision to set up and certify integrated or particular management systems. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the general concept, current status, and quantitative evaluation of organizations that have implemented certified OH&S management systems within the region. The analysis utilizes the most recent data released by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which includes wider statistics on the number, types, and trends of certified systems in the region. Based on this analysis, this paper offers well-informed observations, conclusions, and recommendations aimed at improving the current state and general measures to enhance OH&S in the regional context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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8 pages, 193 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Gluten Protein After Replacing Some of the Wheat Flour with Amaranth Flour in Muffins

by Vesna Gojković Cvjetković, Dragana Škuletić, Željka Marjanović-Balaban, Danijela Rajić, Milan Vukić, Milenko Smiljanić and Dragan Vujadinović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099003 - 9 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Amaranth belongs to the pseudocereal group. This pseudocereal does not contain gluten, and is suitable for a gluten-free diet. This paper aimed to examine how the partial replacement of wheat flour with amaranth in muffins at different ratios and with different storage times [...] Read more.

Amaranth belongs to the pseudocereal group. This pseudocereal does not contain gluten, and is suitable for a gluten-free diet. This paper aimed to examine how the partial replacement of wheat flour with amaranth in muffins at different ratios and with different storage times affects gluten proteins. Gluten protein separation was performed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Based on the obtained results, the greatest total quantity of gliadin protein was obtained from muffin samples made from 100% wheat flour and stored for 4 weeks (Xav = 20.33), and the least from muffins made from 50% wheat flour and 50% amaranth and stored for 0 weeks (Xav = 12.00). The greatest total quantity of glutenin protein was obtained from muffin samples made from 100% wheat flour and stored for 4 weeks (Xav = 26.67), and the least from 25% wheat flour and 75% amaranth and stored for 0 weeks (Xav = 17.33). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

10 pages, 1185 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigation of the Kinetics of the Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Activated Carbon

by Nebojša Vasiljević, Sanja Panić, Goran Tadić, Jelena Vuković, Nataša Novaković and Vladan Mićić

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099004 - 9 Jun 2025

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Abstract

This paper investigated the kinetics involved in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on activated carbon. Tests of the adsorbent (granulometric composition and FT-IR analyses) showed that it contains a wide range of particle sizes (5–250 μm) and that the most frequent vibrations [...] Read more.

This paper investigated the kinetics involved in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on activated carbon. Tests of the adsorbent (granulometric composition and FT-IR analyses) showed that it contains a wide range of particle sizes (5–250 μm) and that the most frequent vibrations are caused by N=C=N stretching, C=C=C stretching, metal–oxygen vibrations (e.g., Fe-O), and heteroatomic vibrations (C-Cl or C-Br). Increasing the dose of adsorbent and decreasing the initial concentration of methylene blue increases the efficiency of adsorption, while the most intensive adsorption takes up to 10 min. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics, which indicates that adsorption occurs due to chemical interactions between the adsorbate and adsorbent. The results indicate that the use of activated carbon achieves a high level of MB removal, especially under optimized conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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6 pages, 289 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Preliminary Assessment of the Use of Red Mud Slag for Phosphate Sorption from Aqueous Solutions

by Jelena Vuković, Slavko N. Smiljanić, Duško Kostić, Srećko Stopić, Mitar Perušić and Nebojša Vasiljević

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099005 - 9 Jun 2025

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Abstract

This paper shows the preliminary results of an investigation into the possibility of using red mud slag (RMS) for phosphate sorption from aqueous solutions. The red mud slag was obtained from red mud treatment, specifically from carbothermal reduction at high temperatures. This process [...] Read more.

This paper shows the preliminary results of an investigation into the possibility of using red mud slag (RMS) for phosphate sorption from aqueous solutions. The red mud slag was obtained from red mud treatment, specifically from carbothermal reduction at high temperatures. This process resulted in forming a metallic phase (iron) and slag enriched with other elements. The preliminary analysis of slag is performed to investigate its potential for use as a phosphate sorbent in wastewater treatment. The slag is divided into three categories. Two of them are obtained by sieving an original slag sample in the fine fraction and the coarse fraction (the slag residual after sieving). The third sample is the raw slag. After an experiment that included 24 h shaking of slag and phosphate solution, the results show potential for using red mud slag in phosphate sorption. It is an initial experiment that will be a starting point for further investigation of the sorption characteristics of red mud slag. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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7 pages, 239 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Determination of the Content of Heavy Metals and Nitrites in Meat Products (Pâtés and Meat Spreads) from the Market of the Republic of Srpska

by Dragan Tošković, Danijela Rajić, Marija Mitrović, Vesna Gojković Cvjetković and Milomirka Obrenović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099006 - 10 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Animal-based food is significant for human nutrition, as it represents an easily digestible source of high-quality proteins, fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and energy. During evolution, humans developed anatomical, metabolic, and biochemical adaptations in the digestive tract, becoming increasingly dependent on nutritionally valuable food, [...] Read more.

Animal-based food is significant for human nutrition, as it represents an easily digestible source of high-quality proteins, fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and energy. During evolution, humans developed anatomical, metabolic, and biochemical adaptations in the digestive tract, becoming increasingly dependent on nutritionally valuable food, such as animal-based products. Animal-based food can be a source of chemical substances that are harmful to health, such as contaminants (heavy metals, mycotoxins, organochlorine pesticides, etc.), veterinary drug residues, and additives. The subject of this paper is the determination of the content of essential (copper—Cu, iron—Fe, and chromium—Cr) and heavy and toxic metals (lead—Pb, cadmium—Cd, arsenic—As, and tin—Sn), as well as nitrites, in meat products, particularly pâtés and meat spreads available on the market in the Republic of Srpska. Determination of the content of metals was performed using the ICP-OES method, while nitrites were analyzed using the standard SRPS ISO 2918/1999 method. The obtained results indicate that the content of heavy and toxic metals and nitrites is lower than the maximum prescribed by national regulations, namely the Rulebook on Maximum Amounts of Certain Contaminants (Official Gazette of BA, No. 68/14, 79/16, 84/18) and the Rulebook on Additives in Food (Official Gazette of BA, No. 33/18 and 6/21). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

15 pages, 1242 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Methods of Zonal Model Application in Numerical Simulations

by Nenad Crnomarković

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099007 - 10 Jun 2025

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Abstract

This paper describes the recent attempts to apply the zonal model of thermal radiation in numerical simulations of pulverized coal-fired furnaces. Three methods are described: temporary correction of the total exchange areas (TCTEA), repeated run of the numerical simulation (RRNS), and current correction [...] Read more.

This paper describes the recent attempts to apply the zonal model of thermal radiation in numerical simulations of pulverized coal-fired furnaces. Three methods are described: temporary correction of the total exchange areas (TCTEA), repeated run of the numerical simulation (RRNS), and current correction of the total exchange areas (CCTEA). The TCTEA and RRNS methods are based on successive runs of the numerical simulation. The CCTEA method is proof that the zonal model can be used in numerical simulations by the correction of the total exchange areas on the basis of current and initialized surface zone emissivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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7 pages, 215 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modeling Water Sorption Capacity of Silica Gel

by Dragana Kešelj, Dragica Lazić, Željana Bogićević, Zoran Petrović and Dijana Drljača

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099008 - 11 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Silica gel is a widely used desiccant with a high water sorption capacity, influenced by factors such as specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size. This study develops mathematical models using multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) to predict the water sorption capacity [...] Read more.

Silica gel is a widely used desiccant with a high water sorption capacity, influenced by factors such as specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size. This study develops mathematical models using multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) to predict the water sorption capacity of silica gel based on experimental data. The independent variables include the relative humidity (RH), specific surface area (Sp_BET), pore volume (Vp), and mean pore diameter (d). The Pearson correlation coefficient reveals strong positive correlations between water sorption capacity (w) and RH, and moderate correlations with Sp_BET, Vp, and d. Additionally, Sp_BET is strongly correlated with both Vp and d, while Vp and d also show a strong relationship. Two MLRA models are developed to predict sorption capacity: one based on RH and Sp_BET, and the other on RH and Vp. The R-squared values for these models are 0.886 and 0.902, respectively, indicating that they are strong predictors of water sorption capacity in silica gel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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10 pages, 1183 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization of Stone from Jošanica Quarry and the Possibility of Its Application

by Dragica Lazić, Dragana Kešelj, Gordana Ostojić, Milenko Smiljanić, Nebojša Vasiljević and Pavle Lončar

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099009 - 12 Jun 2025

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Abstract

This study presents a chemical and mineralogical analysis of stone samples from Jošanica quarry collected from three different locations—Field A, Field B, and Field C. Mineralogical analyses were conducted using XRD analysis. The analyses showed that calcite was the dominant mineral in most [...] Read more.

This study presents a chemical and mineralogical analysis of stone samples from Jošanica quarry collected from three different locations—Field A, Field B, and Field C. Mineralogical analyses were conducted using XRD analysis. The analyses showed that calcite was the dominant mineral in most of the samples, while dolomite was significantly present in some of the samples. Chemical analysis revealed that calcium was dominant in samples 2 (Field B), 3a, and 3b (Field C), with only negligible amounts of magnesium. In contrast, samples 1a, 1b, and 1c (Field A) contained a significant amount of magnesium. Based on the MgCO₃ content, the amount of dolomite in the stone samples was calculated. The content of CaCO₃ in its bound form in dolomite was lower than that in the stone samples, indicating that CaCO₃ was present in another form. According to the dolomite content, samples 1a, 1b, and 1c (Field A) are classified as limestone–dolomite, while samples 2 (Field B), 3a, and 3b (Field C) are classified as limestone due to their high calcium carbonate content. The results of a mineralogical analysis confirmed the results of the chemical analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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9 pages, 657 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Role of Cholesterol in Modifying the Physical and Stability Properties of Liposomes and In Vitro Release of VitaminB12

by Neda Pavlovic, Jelena Mijalković, Bojana Balanč, Nevena Luković and Zorica Knežević-Jugović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099010 - 12 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Cholesterol has garnered significant attention in research due to its role in the structure and the fluidity/rigidity of phospholipid membranes. This property makes it an essential component in liposome formulation. Finding the right ratio of phospholipid-to-cholesterolis important for making a liposome formulation that [...] Read more.

Cholesterol has garnered significant attention in research due to its role in the structure and the fluidity/rigidity of phospholipid membranes. This property makes it an essential component in liposome formulation. Finding the right ratio of phospholipid-to-cholesterolis important for making a liposome formulation that is stable and functional. This study involved the investigation of various mass ratios between phospholipid and cholesterol. The resulting formulations were characterized in terms of mean particle size, size distribution, and ζ potential. It was observed that as the cholesterol content increased, the mean particle size also increased, with the stability of the suspensions improving up to a certain point, after which stability decreased. The optimal phospholipid-to-cholesterol ratio of 5:1 was identified and chosen for subsequent studies on the encapsulation of vitamin B12. The vitamin was encapsulated in the liposomes in the amount of 37%, and the controlled release of vitamin B12 under gastrointestinal conditions was demonstrated using the liposomes as a carrier. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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10 pages, 682 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Polymeric Nanomicelles for Cancer Nanomedicine—Review

by Aleksandra Porjazoska Kujundziski and Dragica Chamovska

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099012 - 16 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Cancer is a serious risk to human life. Some predictions show a considerable increase in new cases and deaths by 2050. Chemotherapy and other conventional treatments encounter issues with a lack of specificity, leading to severe side effects on healthy tissues and drug [...] Read more.

Cancer is a serious risk to human life. Some predictions show a considerable increase in new cases and deaths by 2050. Chemotherapy and other conventional treatments encounter issues with a lack of specificity, leading to severe side effects on healthy tissues and drug resistance. Nanotechnology with targeted drug delivery shows improved diagnostics and personalized treatments. Biocompatible and biodegradable self-assembling amphiphilic polymeric micelles are attractive vehicles for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment, increasing the bioavailability and solubility of anticancer drugs in water. However, the transition to market applications faces some difficulties, mainly focused on patients’ predisposition to develop drug allergies. Intensive studies are a paradigm for resolving all challenges and facilitating the translation of innovative nanotechnologies into everyday clinical practice. This review paper highlights the importance of applying organic polymeric nanocarriers in cancer nanomedicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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6 pages, 912 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Theoretical Assessment of PMMA’s Potential to Remove Beta Blockers from the Aquatic Environment Using Atomistic Calculations

by Svetlana Pelemiš, Andrijana Bilić, Dušica Krunić, Sanja J. Armaković and Stevan Armaković

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099013 - 17 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a polymer with excellent properties for water remediation. Understanding the molecular interactions between pharmaceuticals, such as β-blockers, and PMMA is essential for optimizing purification technologies. Atomistic calculations provide a detailed understanding of the interaction between molecules without the need [...] Read more.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a polymer with excellent properties for water remediation. Understanding the molecular interactions between pharmaceuticals, such as β-blockers, and PMMA is essential for optimizing purification technologies. Atomistic calculations provide a detailed understanding of the interaction between molecules without the need for expensive equipment. This study presents a computational analysis of how PMMA interacts with salbutamol and atenolol. Geometrical optimizations were performed using semiempirical and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. To identify interactions between PMMA and pharmaceuticals, we employed the reduced density gradient (RDG) approach, providing insight into intramolecular noncovalent interactions between PMMA’s atoms and pharmaceuticals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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5 pages, 192 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Radical Scavenging Activity of Silymarin Encapsulated in Liposomal Vesicles: Impact of UV Irradiation and Lyophilization

by Amjed Karkad, Milena Milošević, Andrea Pirković, Aleksandar Marinković and Aleksandra Jovanović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099014 - 17 Jun 2025

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Abstract

The radical scavenging activity of silymarin-loaded liposomes after different technological processes (UV irradiation and lyophilization) was investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. Using the DPPH method, the antioxidant capacity of pure silymarin was 84.03%, while it was lower after encapsulation in liposomes; it [...] Read more.

The radical scavenging activity of silymarin-loaded liposomes after different technological processes (UV irradiation and lyophilization) was investigated using DPPH and ABTS assays. Using the DPPH method, the antioxidant capacity of pure silymarin was 84.03%, while it was lower after encapsulation in liposomes; it was 81.63% after the formulation, 81.15% after UV irradiation, and 79.85% after lyophilization. The anti-ABTS potential was 3.04 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/mL for silymarin, 1.68 µmol TE/mL after the liposome preparation, 1.52 µmol TE/mL after UV irradiation, and 2.02 µmol TE/mL after lyophilization. UV irradiation did not cause significant changes in the antioxidant potential of liposomes, while the ABTS scavenging activity was higher after lyophilization. Considering that the two used antioxidant assays are based on different reactions, the obtained data provide a good insight into the overall antioxidant activity of silymarin-loaded liposomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

4 pages, 183 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Impact of Various Temperatures on Polyphenol and Flavonoid Extraction from Fumaria officinalis Herba

by Rabiea Ashowen Ahmoda, Andrea Pirković, Milena Milošević, Aleksandar Marinković and Aleksandra Jovanović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099015 - 17 Jun 2025

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Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of high temperature on the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids from Fumaria officinalis. The polyphenol yield varied from 16.56 to 18.33 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dried plant material, achieving the [...] Read more.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of high temperature on the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids from Fumaria officinalis. The polyphenol yield varied from 16.56 to 18.33 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dried plant material, achieving the highest value in the extract prepared using heat-assisted extraction (HAE) for 30 min. The same trend was noticed for the flavonoid concentration in the extracts (7.14–8.48 mg catechin equivalent/g of dried plant material): macerate after 60 min ≤ macerate after 90 min ≤ HAE extract after 15 min ≤ HAE extract after 30 min. Compared to maceration and taking into consideration the industrial requirements such as high extraction yield for a shorter time, HAE could be recommended as a convenient technique for polyphenol and flavonoid extraction from fumitory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

4 pages, 186 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

UV Irradiation’s Influence on Fumitory Extract-Loaded Liposomes

by Rabiea Ashowen Ahmoda, Andrea Pirković, Milena Milošević, Aleksandar Marinković and Aleksandra Jovanović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099016 - 17 Jun 2025

Viewed by 237

Abstract

The aim of the present study was the characterization of fumitory extract-loaded liposomal vesicles after UV irradiation via the determination of the encapsulation efficiency, size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, mobility, and conductivity. The encapsulation efficiency was the same before and after UV [...] Read more.

The aim of the present study was the characterization of fumitory extract-loaded liposomal vesicles after UV irradiation via the determination of the encapsulation efficiency, size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, mobility, and conductivity. The encapsulation efficiency was the same before and after UV irradiation (>69%). The particle size and PDI of the UV-irradiated liposomes with the fumitory extract were 294.2 ± 4.1 nm and 0.387 ± 0.011, respectively. The zeta potential after UV irradiation was −5.51 ± 0.4 mV. The mobility and conductivity of the obtained liposomal particles were −0.429 ± 0.012 µmcm/Vs and 0.468 ± 0.005 mS/cm, respectively. The results indicate the existence of nanoparticles and a non-uniform system, while a negative zeta potential value is related to the organization of phospholipids. Since UV irradiation did not cause significant changes in all of the mentioned parameters of the fumitory extract-loaded liposomes, it can be employed as a sterilization step in the preparation of liposomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

8 pages, 906 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ion Exchange of Na⁺ Ions with H⁺ Ions on ZSM-5 Zeolite Using Acetic Acid

by Aleksandar Došić, Milomirka Obrenović, Zoran Obrenović, Jelena Vuković and Ivan M. Savić

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099017 - 20 Jun 2025

Viewed by 305

Abstract

ZSM-5 zeolites are primarily used in acid-catalyzed hydrocracking reactions in the petrochemical industry, and it is very important to ensure an adequate number of acidic sites for more efficient catalytic activity. This study investigated the possibility of exchanging sodium ions with hydrogen ions [...] Read more.

ZSM-5 zeolites are primarily used in acid-catalyzed hydrocracking reactions in the petrochemical industry, and it is very important to ensure an adequate number of acidic sites for more efficient catalytic activity. This study investigated the possibility of exchanging sodium ions with hydrogen ions on ZSM-5 zeolite with a molar ratio of (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 1000) using an ion-exchange process with acetic acid. By employing the XRD and FT-IR methods, along with chemical analysis of ZSM-5 zeolite samples, the influence of hydrogen ion concentration on the chemical composition and structural characteristics of ZSM-5 zeolite was monitored at different acid concentrations and exchange times. It was shown that ion exchange with acetic acid leads to a significant reduction in sodium content even with less concentrated solutions while maintaining the stability of the crystal structure of ZSM-5 (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 1000) and a high degree of crystallinity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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8 pages, 1929 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Granulated Activated Carbon as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Organic Matter from Water

by Zoran Petrović, Aleksandra Radulović, Sanja Panić, Sabina Begić, Dragana Kešelj and Mirjana Petronijević

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099018 - 23 Jun 2025

Viewed by 325

Abstract

This study examined the characteristics of granulated activated carbon (GAC) as an adsorbent for the removal of organic matter from the surface water of the Jala River. The adsorbent was characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, BET and SEM/EDS methods, while a detailed [...] Read more.

This study examined the characteristics of granulated activated carbon (GAC) as an adsorbent for the removal of organic matter from the surface water of the Jala River. The adsorbent was characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, BET and SEM/EDS methods, while a detailed physicochemical characterization was performed for the water sample. The adsorption process was carried out under the following laboratory conditions: T(water) = 25 °C, individual doses of GAC off 1, 2 and 4 g/L, stirring speed of 200 rpm and time of 60 min. The research showed that GAC has good structural and textural morphological characteristics and that it can be successfully applied to remove organic matter from water (70.53%) using the lowest dose. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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6 pages, 678 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Adsorption of Methylene Blue from an Aqueous Solution by Carbon Materials: A Kinetic Study

by Ivan Bracanović, Ana Kalijadis, Miloš Simić and Aleksandar Krstić

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099019 - 30 Jun 2025

Viewed by 164

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the kinetic properties of methylene blue adsorption on carbon cryogel samples and nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-and-sulfur-co-doped carbon cryogel. Nitrogen and sulfur were incorporated into the carbon structure to enhance surface, electronic and textural properties. Methylene blue, a widely utilized [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the kinetic properties of methylene blue adsorption on carbon cryogel samples and nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-and-sulfur-co-doped carbon cryogel. Nitrogen and sulfur were incorporated into the carbon structure to enhance surface, electronic and textural properties. Methylene blue, a widely utilized dye in the textile industry, has become one of the most commonly detected substances in water systems. Experimental data were fitted with four kinetic models and showed excellent fits with the linear pseudo-second-order model. The results indicated that doping with nitrogen and sulfur did not significantly affect the adsorption of methylene blue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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8 pages, 438 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Assessment of the Oxidative State of Thermally Treated Sunflower Oil After Regeneration with Molecular Sieves

by Ljubica Vasiljević, Sanja Dobrnjac, Stevan Blagojević and Milenko Aćimović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099020 - 27 Jun 2025

Viewed by 113

Abstract

Edible oils undergo undesirable changes over time or during thermal treatment due to enzymatic, microbial, and chemical processes, leading to spoilage. In this study, the oxidative state of sunflower oil was assessed by determining the peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), and totox [...] Read more.

Edible oils undergo undesirable changes over time or during thermal treatment due to enzymatic, microbial, and chemical processes, leading to spoilage. In this study, the oxidative state of sunflower oil was assessed by determining the peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), and totox value (TV) using standard methods. The oil was heated at temperatures ranging from 110 to 190 °C for 10 and 30 min, also in the presence of molecular sieves (zeolite 4A, clinoptilolite, and bentonite). When using the synthetic molecular sieve zeolite 4A, a reduction in the totox value by 35.72% was observed. When natural molecular sieves were used, a reduction of 33.19% was recorded for clinoptilolite, while for bentonite, the reduction was 31.08%. Both natural and synthetic molecular sieves demonstrated a strong ability to regenerate thermally treated oils. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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12 pages, 1940 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Temperature and Chromium Content on Tensile and Fracture Mechanics Properties of Cr-Mo Steel Welded Joints

by Nikola Kostić, Milivoje Jovanović, Ivica Čamagić, Živče Šarkoćević, Zijah Burzić and Aleksandar Sedmak

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099021 - 2 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Temperature and Cr content on the tensile and fracture mechanics properties of welded joints made of two Cr-Mo steels (A387 Gr. B and SA387 Gr. 91) are presented and analyzed. Tensile strength, yield stress and elongation, as well as the stress–strain curves are [...] Read more.

Temperature and Cr content on the tensile and fracture mechanics properties of welded joints made of two Cr-Mo steels (A387 Gr. B and SA387 Gr. 91) are presented and analyzed. Tensile strength, yield stress and elongation, as well as the stress–strain curves are obtained by standard tensile tests using specimens extracted from welded joints. Fracture toughness testing was carried out to determine the critical stress intensity factor, K_Ic, and the critical crack length, a_c, for all three zones of the welded joint, parent metal (PM), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM). Based on these results, the tensile and fracture mechanics properties of welded joints made of A387 Gr. B and SA387 Gr. 91 steels are compared and analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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