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Vibration, Volume 6, Issue 1 (March 2023) – 19 articles

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16 pages, 7584 KiB  
Article
Prescribed Performance Control-Based Semi-Active Vibration Controller for Seat Suspension Equipped with an Electromagnetic Damper
by Junjie Zhao, Pengfei Liu, Dingxin Leng, Haoyu Zhan, Guangrui Luan, Donghong Ning and Jianqiang Yu
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 303-318; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010019 - 11 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Seat suspension plays a vital role in improving riding comfort and protecting drivers’ health. This paper develops semi-active seat suspension that equips a controllable electromagnetic damper (EMD) and proposes a prescribed performance control-based semi-active vibration controller with experimental validation. The semi-active EMD mainly [...] Read more.
Seat suspension plays a vital role in improving riding comfort and protecting drivers’ health. This paper develops semi-active seat suspension that equips a controllable electromagnetic damper (EMD) and proposes a prescribed performance control-based semi-active vibration controller with experimental validation. The semi-active EMD mainly consists of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a ball screw, a three-phase rectifier, and a controllable external resistor, which can vary its damping from 90 to 800 N·s/m by tuning the controllable external resistor in real-time. The EMD is applied to seat suspension, and a semi-active controller is proposed for the EMD seat suspension. In order to control the seat suspension vibration, a prescribed performance method is applied to obtain a desired control force and then a force-tracking strategy is designed to make the EMD track the desired control force. Finally, the semi-active seat suspension with the proposed controller is tested in experiments with different vibration conditions. The semi-active seat suspension performs excellently for the bump, sine wave and random vibration. The root mean square (RMS) acceleration, the frequency-weighted RMS acceleration and the acceleration’s fourth power vibration dose value were reduced by 17.5%, 39.9%, and 25.4%, respectively, in the random vibration, compared with a passive system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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17 pages, 5306 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Notch Filter in a Two-Link Flexible Manipulator for the Compensation of Vibration and Gravity-Induced Distortion
by Minoru Sasaki, Joseph Muguro, Waweru Njeri and Arockia Selvakumar Arockia Doss
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 286-302; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010018 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2312
Abstract
This paper presents a 2-link, 2-DOF flexible manipulator control using an inverse feedforward controller and an adaptive notch filter with a direct strain feedback controller. In the flexible manipulator, transient and residue vibrations inhibit the full potential of the manipulator. Vibrations caused by [...] Read more.
This paper presents a 2-link, 2-DOF flexible manipulator control using an inverse feedforward controller and an adaptive notch filter with a direct strain feedback controller. In the flexible manipulator, transient and residue vibrations inhibit the full potential of the manipulator. Vibrations caused by abrupt changes in the direction of the links are referred to as transient vibrations, whereas residual vibrations occur when the arm takes too long to settle after engaging in the intended task. The feedforward adaptive notch filter will reduce transient vibration caused by the manipulator arm beginning and halting suddenly, while the strain feedback will assure the quick decay of leftover vibrations. Maple, Maplesim, and MATLAB tools were used to model the manipulator and create the inverse controller and adaptive notch filter. The experiments took place in the dSPACE control desk environment. The experimental results of the spectral power of strain resulting from the two strategies are compared. From the results, the adaptive notch filter control had over an 80% improvement in the reduction in resonant frequencies that contribute to vibration. The results confirmed the feasibility of the approach, characterized by very minimal transient vibrations and a quick settling of the end effector. Full article
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17 pages, 6628 KiB  
Article
Free and Forced Vibration Behaviors of Magnetodielectric Effect in Magnetorheological Elastomers
by Hamid Jafari and Ramin Sedaghati
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 269-285; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010017 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2092
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the free and forced vibration responses of a magneto/electroactive dielectric elastomer, emphasizing the chaotic phenomena. The dielectric elastomers under external magnetic and electrical excitations undergo large elastic deformation. The magnetodielectric elastomer is modeled based on the Gent–Gent strain [...] Read more.
This paper is concerned with the free and forced vibration responses of a magneto/electroactive dielectric elastomer, emphasizing the chaotic phenomena. The dielectric elastomers under external magnetic and electrical excitations undergo large elastic deformation. The magnetodielectric elastomer is modeled based on the Gent–Gent strain energy function to incorporate the influence of the second invariant and the strain stiffening. The viscoelasticity of the active polymer is also considered in the form of Rayleigh’s dissipation function. The equation of motion is governed with the aid of the Lagrangian equation in terms of a physical quantity, namely, the stretch of the elastomer. An energy-based approach is utilized to re-evaluate the static and DC voltage instabilities of the resonator. Time-stretch response (time history behavior), phase plane diagram, Poincaré map, and fast Fourier transform are numerically obtained and presented to explore the chaotic oscillation behavior of the active polymer actuators. The results reveal that the magnetic field may tune the stability and instability regions of the active polymeric membrane. It has also been shown that the applied magnetic field may lead to chaotic vibration responses when a sinusoidal voltage is applied simultaneously to the system. The results presented in this paper can be effectively used to design magnetic and electrical soft robotic actuators and elastomer membranes under electrical and magnetic stimulants. Full article
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14 pages, 48909 KiB  
Article
Usability and Vibration Analysis of a Low-Profile Automatic Powered Wheelchair to Motor Vehicle Docking System
by Chang Dae Lee, Brandon J. Daveler, Jorge L. Candiotti, Rosemarie Cooper, Sivashankar Sivakanthan, Nikitha Deepak, Garrett G. Grindle and Rory A. Cooper
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 255-268; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010016 - 24 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1700
Abstract
The QLX is a low-profile automatic powered wheelchair docking system (WDS) prototype developed to improve the securement and discomfort of wheelchair users when riding in vehicles. The study evaluates the whole-body vibration effects between the proposed QLX and another WDS (4-point tiedown system) [...] Read more.
The QLX is a low-profile automatic powered wheelchair docking system (WDS) prototype developed to improve the securement and discomfort of wheelchair users when riding in vehicles. The study evaluates the whole-body vibration effects between the proposed QLX and another WDS (4-point tiedown system) following ISO 2631-1 standards and a systematic usability evaluation. Whole-body vibration analysis was evaluated in wheelchairs using both WDS to dock in a vehicle while riding on real-world surfaces. Also, participants rated the usability of each WDS while driving a wheelchair and while riding in a vehicle in driving tasks. Both WDSs showed similar vibration results within the vibration health-risk margins; but shock values below health-risk margins. Fifteen powered wheelchair users reported low task load demand to operate both WDS; but better performance to dock in vehicles with the QLX (p = 0.03). Also, the QLX showed better usability (p < 0.01), less discomfort (p’s < 0.05), and greater security compared to the 4-point tiedown while riding in a vehicle (p’s < 0.05). Study findings indicate that both WDS maintain low shock exposure for wheelchair users while riding vehicles, but a better performance overall to operate the QLX compared to the 4-point tiedown system; hence enhancing user’s autonomy to dock in vehicles independently. Full article
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16 pages, 1888 KiB  
Article
Study of an Optimized Mechanical Oscillator for the Forced Vibration of the Soil Cutting Blade
by Dario Friso
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 239-254; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010015 - 21 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1818
Abstract
In the nursery sector, the transport and planting of trees must occur with the roots wrapped in a ball of the original earth. The cutting of the original soil can be carried out with a semicircular vibrating blade moved by an oscillator mounted [...] Read more.
In the nursery sector, the transport and planting of trees must occur with the roots wrapped in a ball of the original earth. The cutting of the original soil can be carried out with a semicircular vibrating blade moved by an oscillator mounted on a self-propelled machine. The oscillator produces an excitation torque supplied to the blade together with the soil cutting torque. The advantage of the vibrating blade is a reduction in the cutting torque of up to 70%. However, to correctly design the oscillator, we need to investigate the link between the maximum displacement of the blade, the maximum oscillation velocity, the cutting velocity, the dry friction, the excitation torque, the elastic torque, the cutting torque, the required power, the required energy, and the excitation frequency. The maximum displacement and velocity ratio need to have the right values to minimize the cutting torque and to avoid the springs reaching the end of stroke; otherwise, vibrations are transmitted to the machine and to the operator. Therefore, starting from the forced oscillation differential equation and using an approximate solution method developed by Den Hartog, along with some experimental data, a mathematical model was constructed to optimize the oscillator design. After construction, it was coupled to blades of various diameters (0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 m) to undergo experimental tests. The soil cutting tests highlighted the achievement of the above objectives and, at the same time, confirmed the validity of the Den Hartog equations used to calculate the phase lag and the maximum displacement, resulting in an average error of 4.4% and a maximum error of 6.4%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibrations in Materials Processing Machines)
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21 pages, 370 KiB  
Review
Deep Transfer Learning Models for Industrial Fault Diagnosis Using Vibration and Acoustic Sensors Data: A Review
by Md Roman Bhuiyan and Jia Uddin
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 218-238; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010014 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5987
Abstract
In order to evaluate final quality, nondestructive testing techniques for finding bearing flaws have grown in favor. The precision of image processing-based vision-based technology has greatly improved for defect identification, inspection, and classification. Deep Transfer Learning (DTL), a kind of machine learning, combines [...] Read more.
In order to evaluate final quality, nondestructive testing techniques for finding bearing flaws have grown in favor. The precision of image processing-based vision-based technology has greatly improved for defect identification, inspection, and classification. Deep Transfer Learning (DTL), a kind of machine learning, combines the superiority of Transfer Learning (TL) for knowledge transfer with the benefits of Deep Learning (DL) for feature representation. As a result, the discipline of Intelligent Fault Diagnosis has extensively developed and researched DTL approaches. They can improve the robustness, reliability, and usefulness of DL-based fault diagnosis techniques (IFD). IFD has been the subject of several thorough and excellent studies, although most of them have appraised important research from an algorithmic standpoint, neglecting real-world applications. DTL-based IFD strategies have also not yet undergone a full evaluation. It is necessary and imperative to go through the relevant DTL-based IFD publications in light of this. Readers will be able to grasp the most cutting-edge concepts and develop practical solutions to any IFD challenges they may encounter by doing this. The theory behind DTL is briefly discussed before describing how transfer learning algorithms may be included into deep learning models. This research study looks at a number of vision-based methods for defect detection and identification utilizing vibration acoustic sensor data. The goal of this review is to assess where vision inspection system research is right now. In this respect, image processing as well as deep learning, machine learning, transfer learning, few-shot learning, and light-weight approach and its selection were explored. This review addresses the creation of defect classifiers and vision-based fault detection systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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23 pages, 11476 KiB  
Article
Influence of Coexistence of Pitting and Cracking Faults on a Two-Stage Spur Gear System
by Kemajou Herbert Yakeu Happi, Bernard Xavier Tchomeni Kouejou and Alfayo Anyika Alugongo
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 195-217; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010013 - 8 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1749
Abstract
This work considers forced vibrations in a rotating structure consisting of a two-stage spur gear system with coexisting defects, specifically pitting and cracking. Numerical simulations and experimental analysis in various scenarios of the system in operation were conducted using the RPM–Frequency mapping technique. [...] Read more.
This work considers forced vibrations in a rotating structure consisting of a two-stage spur gear system with coexisting defects, specifically pitting and cracking. Numerical simulations and experimental analysis in various scenarios of the system in operation were conducted using the RPM–Frequency mapping technique. To identify fault characteristics, the analysis performed assumed the gear system had been misadjusted by a combination of pitting and cracking on the gear teeth. The correlation of the system-forced responses under regular and chaotic vibrations revealed that the system is far more sensitive to the crack than to the pitting when there are fluctuating harmonic peaks present at high vibration levels. Full article
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30 pages, 5936 KiB  
Article
Gender and Anthropometric Effects on Seat-to-Head Transmissibility Responses to Vertical Whole-Body Vibration of Humans Seated on an Elastic Seat
by Yumeng Yao, Krishna N. Dewangan and Subhash Rakheja
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 165-194; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010012 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of gender and ten different anthropometric parameters on the vertical vibration transmission from seat to the head of the body seated on an elastic seat. The seat-to-head transmissibility (STHT) responses in the vertical and fore-aft directions of 58 [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effects of gender and ten different anthropometric parameters on the vertical vibration transmission from seat to the head of the body seated on an elastic seat. The seat-to-head transmissibility (STHT) responses in the vertical and fore-aft directions of 58 participants (31 males and 27 females) were measured under three levels of vertical vibration (root mean square acceleration: 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 m/s2) in the 0.50–20 Hz range, when sitting on a viscoelastic seat with and without a vertical back support, and with hands on a steering wheel. Apart from the important effects of elastic coupling between the body and seat, the results show distinctly different vertical and fore-aft STHT responses from the two genders. Moreover, the gender effect was strongly coupled with back support and excitation conditions. The primary resonance frequencies of male subjects were higher than those of female subjects, while the peak vertical STHT magnitudes were comparable. Owing to the strong coupled effects of gender and anthropometric dimensions, the study is designed to reduce the coupling by considering datasets for subjects with comparable chosen dimensions. Among the various anthropometric dimensions considered, the body mass and fat mass revealed strong influences on the primary resonance frequency, which was similar for male and female subjects with comparable body mass index and body fat mass. The vertical STHT magnitude of the two genders with the same lean body mass was also nearly identical. The peak fore-aft STHT magnitudes of the male subjects were notably higher than those of the female subjects with comparable anthropometric dimensions with the exception of the body mass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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16 pages, 5756 KiB  
Article
Vibration Transmission across Seismically Damaged Beam-to-Column Junctions of Reinforced Concrete Using Statistical Energy Analysis
by Marios Filippoupolitis and Carl Hopkins
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 149-164; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010011 - 2 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1654
Abstract
To detect human survivors trapped in buildings after earthquakes by using structure-borne sound it is necessary to have knowledge of vibration transmission in collapsed and fragmented reinforced-concrete buildings. In this paper, statistical energy analysis (SEA) is considered for modelling vibration transmission in seismically [...] Read more.
To detect human survivors trapped in buildings after earthquakes by using structure-borne sound it is necessary to have knowledge of vibration transmission in collapsed and fragmented reinforced-concrete buildings. In this paper, statistical energy analysis (SEA) is considered for modelling vibration transmission in seismically damaged, reinforced concrete, beam-to-column junctions where the connection between the beam and the column is made only via the steel reinforcement. An ensemble of 30 randomly damaged beam-to-column junctions was generated using a Monte Carlo simulation with FEM. Experimental SEA (ESEA) is then considered with two or three subsystems to determine the coupling loss factors (CLFs) between the beam and the column with either bending modes or the combination of all mode types. It is shown that bending modes dominate the dynamic response and that the uncertainty of predicting the CLFs using FEM with ESEA is sufficiently low that it should be feasible to estimate the coupling even when the exact angle between the beam and the column is unknown. In addition, the use of two rather than three subsystems for the junction significantly decreases the number of negative coupling loss factors with ESEA. An initial analysis of the results in this paper was presented at the 50th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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2 pages, 134 KiB  
Editorial
Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Vibration in 2022
by Vibration Editorial Office
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 147-148; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010010 - 28 Jan 2023
Viewed by 963
Abstract
High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...] Full article
34 pages, 8514 KiB  
Article
On the Critical Velocity of Moving Force and Instability of Moving Mass in Layered Railway Track Models by Semianalytical Approaches
by Zuzana Dimitrovová
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 113-146; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010009 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1594
Abstract
This article presents a comparison between layered models of a railway track. All analyses are based on semianalytical approaches to show how powerful they can be. Results are presented in dimensionless form, making them applicable to a wide range of possible real-world scenarios. [...] Read more.
This article presents a comparison between layered models of a railway track. All analyses are based on semianalytical approaches to show how powerful they can be. Results are presented in dimensionless form, making them applicable to a wide range of possible real-world scenarios. The main results and conclusions are obtained using repeated exact calculations of the equivalent flexibility of supporting structure related to each model by contour integration. New terms and a fundamentally different approach with respect to other published works underline the scientific contribution to this field. Semianalytical methods demonstrate that the intended results can be obtained easily and accurately. However, this benefit cannot be extended to a large number of models due to the simplifications that must be introduced in order to apply such methods. It turns out that even though the one-layer model is the furthest away from reality, it is easy to handle analytically because it has a regular and predictable behavior. The three-layer model, on the other hand, has many unpredictable properties that will be detailed in this article. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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11 pages, 3074 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of the Seesaw System as a Means of Seismic Upgrading in Older, Non-Ductile Reinforced Concrete Buildings
by Panagiota S. Katsimpini and George A. Papagiannopoulos
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 102-112; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010008 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2155
Abstract
This work investigates and discusses the effectiveness of the seesaw system when installed in an older, non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) building for seismic upgrading purposes. In particular, two different configurations of the seesaw system are assumed in a two-storey 3D RC framed building [...] Read more.
This work investigates and discusses the effectiveness of the seesaw system when installed in an older, non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) building for seismic upgrading purposes. In particular, two different configurations of the seesaw system are assumed in a two-storey 3D RC framed building which was designed according to older seismic provisions and, thus, is susceptible to flexural and shear failures. To check if there is any merit in employing the seesaw system in this RC building, non-linear time-history (NLTH) analyses are conducting using 11 seismic motions. Peak values for inter-story drift ratios (IDR), residual inter-story drift ratios (RIDR) and floor accelerations (FA) are computed, and the sequence and cause (i.e., due to surpass of flexural or shear strength) of plastic hinge formations are monitored. Leaving aside any issues related to fabrication and cost, interpretation of the results obtained by the aforementioned seismic response indices for the RC building under study leads to the conclusion that the seesaw system can be a retrofitting scheme for the seismic upgrading of older, non-ductile RC framed buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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20 pages, 56552 KiB  
Article
Free Vibration Characteristics of Multi-Material Lattice Structures
by Kadir Gunaydin, Ahmet Yavuz and Aykut Tamer
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 82-101; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010007 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2342
Abstract
This paper presents a modal analysis of honeycomb and re-entrant lattice structures to understand the change in natural frequencies when multi-material configuration is implemented. For this purpose, parallel nylon ligaments within re-entrant and honeycomb lattice structures are replaced with chopped and continuous carbon [...] Read more.
This paper presents a modal analysis of honeycomb and re-entrant lattice structures to understand the change in natural frequencies when multi-material configuration is implemented. For this purpose, parallel nylon ligaments within re-entrant and honeycomb lattice structures are replaced with chopped and continuous carbon fibre to constitute multi-material lattice configurations. For each set, the first five natural frequencies were compared using detailed finite element models. For each configuration, three different boundary conditions were considered, which are free–free and clamping at the two sides that are parallel and perpendicular to the vertical parts of the structure. The comparison of the natural frequencies was based on mode-shape matching using modal assurance criteria to identify the correct modes of different configurations. The results showed that the natural frequency of the multi-material configurations increases from 4% to 18% depending on the configuration and material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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17 pages, 6786 KiB  
Article
Investigations into Nonlinear Effects of Normal Pressures on Dynamic Cyclic Responses of Novel 3D-Printed TPMS Bridge Bearings
by Pasakorn Sengsri and Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 65-81; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010006 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
Bridge bearings are one of the most important components in bridge systems. Typical bearings are extensively used in small- to medium-span highway bridges since they are economical and offer a good performance at service-level conditions. On the other hand, common bridge bearings possess [...] Read more.
Bridge bearings are one of the most important components in bridge systems. Typical bearings are extensively used in small- to medium-span highway bridges since they are economical and offer a good performance at service-level conditions. On the other hand, common bridge bearings possess a low performance-to-weight ratio under combined compression and shear loading conditions (low crashworthiness and specific energy absorption), due to their heavy weight, high costs, and the non-recyclability of steel and elastomer materials. With the help of a relatively higher ratio of a 3D-printed triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure, this method can potentially be used for bridge bearing applications. However, the cyclic responses of this TPMS structure used in bearings have never been completely investigated. This study is the world’s first to investigate the effects of normal pressure on the cyclic responses of novel 3D-printed TPMS bridge bearings. A numerical TPMS unit cell model considering the effects of normal pressure on cyclic responses of a novel TPMS bridge bearing is developed and validated with experimental data. The numerical results reveal new insights related to the nonlinear effects of normal pressure on the cyclic behaviours of 3D-printed TPMS bearings. Higher normal pressures result in a higher degree of nonlinearity in the dynamic cyclic responses of the 3D-printed TPMS bearings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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8 pages, 485 KiB  
Article
Asymptotic Formulation for the Rayleigh Wave on a Nonlocally Elastic Half-Space
by Danila A. Prikazchikov
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 57-64; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010005 - 7 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
This paper deals with the Rayleigh wave, propagating on a nonlocally elastic, linearly isotropic half-space, excited by a prescribed surface loading. The consideration develops the methodology of hyperbolic–elliptic models for Rayleigh and Rayleigh-type waves, and relies on the effective boundary conditions formulated recently, [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the Rayleigh wave, propagating on a nonlocally elastic, linearly isotropic half-space, excited by a prescribed surface loading. The consideration develops the methodology of hyperbolic–elliptic models for Rayleigh and Rayleigh-type waves, and relies on the effective boundary conditions formulated recently, accounting for the crucial contributions of the nonlocal boundary layer. A slow-time perturbation scheme is established, leading to the reduced model for the Rayleigh wave field, comprised of a singularly perturbed hyperbolic equation for the longitudinal wave potential on the surface, acting as a boundary condition for the elliptic equation governing the decay over the interior. An equivalent alternative formulation involving a pseudo-differential operator acting on the loading terms, with parametric dependence on the depth coordinate, is also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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12 pages, 2149 KiB  
Article
Motion Sickness during Roll Motion: VR HMD View versus Monitor View
by Yahya Sumayli and Ying Ye
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 45-56; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010004 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3284
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two views on motion sickness caused by low-frequency roll motion in the laboratory. Fifteen healthy male subjects participated in the study and were exposed to 30 min of 0.25 Hz roll oscillation [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two views on motion sickness caused by low-frequency roll motion in the laboratory. Fifteen healthy male subjects participated in the study and were exposed to 30 min of 0.25 Hz roll oscillation at an angle of rotation (±5°). Subjects sat on a rigid seat with one of two visual scenes each session: (i) viewing 360° videos through virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display (HMD) device and (ii) reading articles on a monitor in a closed cabin. Ratings of motion sickness were obtained at 1 min intervals. The mean illness ratings of subjects for all visual conditions increased over the 30 min exposure to motion. There was significantly less sickness in the HMD condition than in the monitor condition. The findings suggest a beneficial effect of the HMD view on the severity of sickness. However, the HMD view had no effect on the sickness experienced by those vulnerable to sickness caused by exposure to motion or use of VR. It was concluded that the visual activity had a significant influence on motion sickness induced by 0.25 Hz roll oscillation with an angle of rotation (±5°), and the applications of VR could be implemented to further reduce motion sickness. Full article
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16 pages, 8187 KiB  
Article
Unsteady Aerodynamic Lift Force on a Pitching Wing: Experimental Measurement and Data Processing
by Péter Zoltán Csurcsia, Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui, Mark Charles Runacres and Tim De Troyer
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 29-44; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010003 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3282
Abstract
This work discusses the experimental challenges and processing of unsteady experiments for a pitching wing in the low-speed wind tunnel of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The setup used for unsteady experiments consisted of two independent devices: (a) a position control device to steer [...] Read more.
This work discusses the experimental challenges and processing of unsteady experiments for a pitching wing in the low-speed wind tunnel of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The setup used for unsteady experiments consisted of two independent devices: (a) a position control device to steer the pitch angle of the wing, and (b) a pressure measurement device to measure the aerodynamic loads. The position control setup can pitch the wing for a range of frequencies, amplitude, and offset levels. In this work, a NACA-0018 wing profile was used with an aspect ratio of 1.8. The position control and the pressure measurement setups operate independently of each other, necessitating advanced signal processing techniques to synchronize the pitch angle and the lift force. Furthermore, there is a (not well-documented) issue with the (sampling) clock frequency of the pressure measurement setup, which was resolved using a fully automated spectral analysis technique. The wing was pitched using a simple harmonic sine excitation signal at eight different offset levels (between 6° and 21°) for a fixed amplitude variation (std) of 6°. At each offset level, the wing was pitched at five different frequencies between 0.1 Hz and 2 Hz (that correspond to reduced frequencies k ranging from 0.006 to 0.125). All the experiments were conducted at a fixed chord-based Reynolds number of 2.85 × 105. The choice of operating parameters invokes the linear and nonlinear behavior of the wing. The linear unsteady measurements agreed with the analytical results. The unsteady pressure measurements at higher offset levels revealed the nonlinear aerodynamic phenomenon of dynamic stall. This confirms that a nonlinear and dynamic model is required to capture the salient characteristics of the lift force on a pitching wing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vibration)
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18 pages, 3720 KiB  
Article
Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Multi-Scale CNN and Bidirectional GRU
by Taher Saghi, Danyal Bustan and Sumeet S. Aphale
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 11-28; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010002 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2740
Abstract
Finding a reliable approach to detect bearing faults is crucial, as the most common rotating machine defects occur in its bearings. A convolutional neural network can automatically extract the local features of the mechanical vibration signal and classify the patterns. Nevertheless, these types [...] Read more.
Finding a reliable approach to detect bearing faults is crucial, as the most common rotating machine defects occur in its bearings. A convolutional neural network can automatically extract the local features of the mechanical vibration signal and classify the patterns. Nevertheless, these types of networks suffer from the extraction of the global feature of the input signal as they utilize only one scale on their input. This paper presents a method to overcome the above weakness by employing a combination of three parallel convolutional neural networks with different filter lengths. In addition, a bidirectional gated recurrent unit is utilized to extract global features. The CWRU-bearing dataset is used to prove the performance of the proposed method. The results show the high accuracy of the proposed method even in the presence of noise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibrations in Materials Processing Machines)
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10 pages, 2942 KiB  
Article
Vibration Characteristics Control of Resonance Point in Vehicle: Fundamental Considerations of Control System without Displacement and Velocity Information
by Keigo Ikeda, Jumpei Kuroda, Daigo Uchino, Kazuki Ogawa, Ayato Endo, Taro Kato, Hideaki Kato and Takayoshi Narita
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010001 - 26 Dec 2022
Viewed by 2121
Abstract
The deterioration of ride comfort in ultra-compact vehicles has recently become an increasing concern. Active seat suspension was proposed to improve the ride comfort of ultra-compact vehicles. An active seat suspension is a vibration control device that is easily installed. The general vibration [...] Read more.
The deterioration of ride comfort in ultra-compact vehicles has recently become an increasing concern. Active seat suspension was proposed to improve the ride comfort of ultra-compact vehicles. An active seat suspension is a vibration control device that is easily installed. The general vibration control system of the active seat suspension is fed back to the displacement and velocity by integrating the measured seat acceleration. This control has problems, such as control delay and deviation by integration. In this study, we focused on vibration control using acceleration directly. First, we established a control model that feeds back the acceleration to terminate the error occurring in the integral process and investigated the change in vibration characteristics in the case where the feedback gain of acceleration was changed. Second, the control system was analyzed to investigate the performance of the control based on the frequency characteristics. As a result, it was confirmed that the frequency response changes when the feedback gain is changed. In acceleration feedback control, ride comfort was improved by selecting a proper feedback gain because the characteristics of frequency were changed by the gain. Full article
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