Skip to Content

Applied System Innovation, Volume 9, Issue 2

2026 February - 21 articles

Cover Story: Foundation models have emerged as a transformative AI paradigm, enabling large-scale pretrained systems to generalize across diverse domains with minimal task-specific data. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of their technological foundations, architectures, and training strategies, including self-supervised and multimodal learning. We analyze applications in natural language processing, computer vision, healthcare, robotics, and scientific discovery and discuss advances, trends, and challenges such as bias, interpretability, scalability, and ethics. We highlight future directions for improving robustness, efficiency, and domain adaptability, offering researchers and practitioners a unified view of the evolving foundation model landscape and its potential to reshape next-generation intelligent systems. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list .
  • You may sign up for email alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Articles (21)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,377 Views
17 Pages

Water utilities continue to lose a lot of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) because of leaks that go undetected. This makes it necessary to find accurate but easy-to-use monitoring solutions. This paper presents FiT-WST+, a wavelet-guided Frequency-Informed Tr...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,054 Views
10 Pages

Smart Farming Innovation: Automated Biomechanical Monitoring of Broilers Using a Hybrid YOLO-SAM Pipeline

  • Victória Fernanda Dionizio,
  • Marcelo Tsuguio Okano and
  • Irenilza de Alencar Nääs

Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) relies on accurate, high-frequency data to optimize production efficiency. Traditional assessments of feeding behavior remain manual and invasive, lacking the kinematic resolution required for automated control syste...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,605 Views
13 Pages

TRM-ViT: A Tiny Recursive Vision Transformer for Efficient Melanoma Detection

  • My Abdelouahed Sabri,
  • Ali Belkhiri,
  • Abla Rahmouni and
  • Abdellah Aarab

Melanoma remains one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, and its early detection is critical for improving patient survival. Vision Transformers (ViTs) have recently shown strong performance in dermoscopic image analysis; however, their effe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,600 Views
22 Pages

Pipeline Curvature Detection Using a Pipeline Inspection Gauge Equipped with Multiple Odometry

  • Eloina Lugo-del-Real,
  • Jorge A. Soto-Cajiga,
  • Antonio Ramirez-Martinez,
  • Edmundo Guerra Paradas and
  • Antoni Grau

Pipeline integrity is crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient transportation of hydrocarbons. One of the essential methods for maintaining pipeline integrity is periodic inspection using Pipeline Inspection Gauges (PIGs). These PIGs traverse exte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,368 Views
17 Pages

In elite sports, discovering interdisciplinary causal relationships from public data is critical for gaining a competitive edge. However, the causal knowledge required for these practices is difficult to obtain through either existing intervention-ba...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Data Science and Knowledge Discovery)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,570 Views
28 Pages

Deep Learning for Classification of Internal Defects in Fused Filament Fabrication Using Optical Coherence Tomography

  • Valentin Lang,
  • Qichen Zhu,
  • Malgorzata Kopycinska-Müller and
  • Steffen Ihlenfeldt

Additive manufacturing is increasingly adopted for the industrial production of small series of functional components, particularly in thermoplastic strand extrusion processes such as Fused Filament Fabrication. This transition relies on technologica...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Decision Support for Systemic Innovation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,539 Views
17 Pages

3D Finite Element Models of Zigzag Grounding Transformer for Zero-Sequence Impedance Calculation

  • Juan C. Olivares-Galvan,
  • Manuel A. Corona-Sánchez,
  • Rodrigo Ocon-Valdez,
  • Jose L. Hernandez-Avila,
  • Rafael Escarela-Perez and
  • David A. Aragon-Verduzco

Accurate prediction of the zero-sequence impedance (Z0) of three-legged zigzag grounding transformers is essential for ground-fault protection and power-quality performance, yet manufacturer analytical estimations often have limited accuracy. This pa...

(This article belongs to the Section Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,254 Views
39 Pages

A Novel Hybrid Neural Network with Optimized Feature Selection for Spindle Thermal Error Prediction

  • Lifeng Yin,
  • Chenglong Li,
  • Yaohan Peng,
  • Hao Tang,
  • Ningruo Wang and
  • Huayue Chen

In modern intelligent manufacturing, spindle thermal errors are critical to machining accuracy. To address this, we propose a two-stage prediction framework. First, for feature selection, an enhanced Red-Billed Magpie Optimization algorithm (RBMO-X)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
621 Views
21 Pages

The problem of the dynamic quantization stabilization of the networked switched systems affected by denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is investigated. Firstly, a quasi-periodic logarithmic quantization strategy is proposed, which ensures the quantizati...

(This article belongs to the Section Control and Systems Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,881 Views
19 Pages

Exploring Problem-Solving Strategies in Gifted and Regular Students: Education Insights from Eye-Tracking Analysis

  • Po-Lei Lee,
  • Shih-Ting Hung,
  • Pao-Hsin Chang,
  • Chun-Yen Chang,
  • Lei Bao,
  • Ting-Kuang Yeh and
  • Li-Ching Lee

This study investigated how gifted and regular high school students employ different cognitive strategies and integrate information during scientific problem solving, using eye-tracking techniques. Eighteen multiple-choice items were selected from th...

(This article belongs to the Topic Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,274 Views
40 Pages

Remote Laboratory Based on FPGA Devices Using the E-Learning Approach

  • Victor H. García Ortega,
  • Josefina Bárcenas López and
  • Enrique Ruiz-Velasco Sánchez

Laboratories across educational levels have traditionally required in-person attendance, limiting practical activities to specific times and physical spaces. This paper presents a technological architecture based on a system-on-chip (SoC) and a conne...

(This article belongs to the Section Applied Systems on Educational Innovations and Emerging Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
936 Views
30 Pages

Existing unsupervised anomaly detection methods suffer from insufficient parameter precision, poor robustness to noise, and limited generalization capability. To address these issues, this paper proposes an Adaptive Diffusion Adversarial Evolutionary...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
6,617 Views
34 Pages

Foundation models (FMs) have become a paradigm shift in the field of artificial intelligence, allowing one large-scale pretrained model to be customized for a broad set of downstream tasks using very little task-specific data. These models, which inc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,488 Views
32 Pages

Sustainable virtualization is essential for enterprises seeking to reduce energy use, increase resource efficiency, and connect IT operations with global sustainability goals. This study describes a hybrid decision-support framework that uses the ISO...

(This article belongs to the Topic Collection Series on Applied System Innovation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,613 Views
28 Pages

The environment of today’s companies is marked by increasing dynamism. Rapid technological developments, strong innovation impulses, and continual market entry of new competitors create volatile conditions that make the delivery of valuable pro...

(This article belongs to the Section Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
880 Views
18 Pages

A Data-Driven Two-Phase Energy Consumption Prediction Method for Injection Compressor Systems in Underground Gas Storage

  • Ying Yang,
  • De Tang,
  • Guicheng Yu,
  • Junchi Zhou,
  • Jinsong Yang,
  • Tingting Jiang,
  • Zixu Huang and
  • Jianguo Miao

Since the compressor system in underground gas storage (UGS) facilities operates under highly dynamic and complex injection conditions, traditional rule-based operation and mechanism-based modeling approaches prove inadequate for meeting the stringen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
1,938 Views
25 Pages

Interferometers are essential tools for quality control of optical surfaces. While interferometric techniques like phase-shifting interferometry offer high accuracy, they involve complex setups, require stringent calibration, and are sensitive to pha...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,104 Views
22 Pages

Coordinating operating room schedules with downstream inpatient bed availability remains a critical challenge for hospitals, particularly under emergency-driven uncertainty. Emergency arrivals introduce variability that propagates congestion across s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,509 Views
21 Pages

Robot navigation refers to a robot’s ability to determine its position within a reference frame and plan a path to a target location. Visual navigation, which relies on visual sensors such as cameras, is one approach to this problem. Among visu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Decision Support for Systemic Innovation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,026 Views
23 Pages

Scenario-Based Analysis of the Future Technological Trends in the Automotive Sector in Southeast Lower-Saxony

  • Armin Stein,
  • Lars Everding,
  • Henrik Münchhausen,
  • Björn Krüger,
  • Bassem Hichri,
  • Maximilian Flormann,
  • Axel Wolfgang Sturm and
  • Thomas Vietor

The automotive industry faces radical technological change, driven by the adoption of electrification, automation, and digitalization. As a leading industrial hub with key OEMs and suppliers, such as Volkswagen, Southeast Lower Saxony is disproportio...

(This article belongs to the Section Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,121 Views
18 Pages

This study investigates an intermodal routing problem for emergency materials in the early stage of post-disaster recovery, in which the rapid transportation of emergency materials is formulated as the objective. To achieve reliable transportation th...

XFacebookLinkedIn
Appl. Syst. Innov. - ISSN 2571-5577