Skip to Content

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Volume 11, Issue 1

2026 January - 33 articles

Cover Story: Leptospirosis is a major public health and economic burden in Southeast Asia, driven by human–animal contact, poor socioeconomic conditions, and climate factors. Disease burden estimates are hindered by variable seroprevalence, inconsistent diagnostics, and weak surveillance systems, leading to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Diagnostic tools are often unsuitable for resource-limited settings, and environmental modeling is underutilized due to poor data integration. A One Health approach incorporating key actions such as harmonized surveillance, standardized diagnostics, vaccination, and improved animal husbandry is recommended. Public education, urban infrastructure upgrades, early warning systems, stronger governance, and research investment are also needed to sustainably reduce transmission. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list .
  • You may sign up for email alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Articles (33)

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,170 Views
2 Pages

Insecticide Resistance and Vector Control

  • Adriana E. Flores,
  • Jesus A. Davila-Barboza and
  • Alan E. Juache-Villagrana

Insecticide-based strategies have been central to vector control programs targeting diseases of human and veterinary importance for decades [...]

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insecticide Resistance and Vector Control)
  • Comment
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,086 Views
5 Pages

One of the major obstacles to improving the management of snakebite envenoming is the lack of accurate identification of species responsible for clinical cases, which prevent the improvement of definitions of species-specific syndromes [...]

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Snake Bite: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,396 Views
11 Pages

Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rabies in Chongqing, China, 2016–2024

  • Longyu Chen,
  • Yi Yuan,
  • Yu Xia,
  • Jiang Long and ,
  • Zhijin Li,
  • Tingting Li and
  • Li Qi
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

(1) Background: Human rabies continues to be a significant public health challenge and imposes a heavy disease burden. The epidemiological characteristics and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of human rabies in Chongqing were analyzed to provide a sci...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rabies Epidemiology, Control and Prevention Studies)
  • Editorial
  • Open Access
1,291 Views
4 Pages

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) comprise a diverse group of infections that disproportionately affect impoverished populations in tropical and subtropical regions [...]

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beyond Borders—Tackling Neglected Tropical Viral Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,083 Views
22 Pages

Global Lymphatic Filariasis Post-Validation Surveillance Activities in 2025: A Scoping Review

  • Holly Jian,
  • Harriet Lawford,
  • Angus McLure,
  • Colleen Lau and
  • Adam Craig

Following World Health Organization (WHO) validation of lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination as a public health problem, countries are required to implement post-validation surveillance (PVS) to detect potential resurgence and ensure sustained elimi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance of Eliminated and Near-Eliminated Infectious Disease in the Western Pacific Region)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,487 Views
17 Pages

Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Post-Validation Surveillance of Lymphatic Filariasis in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A Conceptual Framework Developed from Qualitative Data

  • Harriet L. S. Lawford,
  • Holly Jian,
  • ‘Ofa Tukia,
  • Joseph Takai and ,
  • Clément Couteaux,
  • ChoCho Thein,
  • Ken Jetton,
  • Teanibuaka Tabunga,
  • Temea Bauro and
  • Adam T. Craig
  • + 12 authors+ 7 authors

Eight Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) have been validated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as having eliminated lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem. WHO recommends that these countries implement post-validation...

(This article belongs to the Section Neglected and Emerging Tropical Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
921 Views
20 Pages

A Non-Inferiority Evaluation of YAHE 4.0, an Alphacypermethrin-PBO Insecticide-Treated Net Against Pyrethroid Resistant Anopheles arabiensis in Experimental Huts in Moshi, North-Eastern Tanzania

  • Johnson Matowo,
  • Njelembo J. Mbewe,
  • Salum Azizi,
  • Robert Kaaya and ,
  • Oliva Moshi,
  • Baltazari Manunda,
  • Emmanuel Feston,
  • Ezekia Kisengwa,
  • Agness Msapalla and
  • Franklin Mosha
  • + 16 authors+ 11 authors

A new generation of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) that incorporate the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) has been shown to restore susceptibility to pyrethroids where P450 enzymes are the primary mechanism conferring the resistance. The present st...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insecticide Resistance and Vector Control)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,146 Views
14 Pages

Schistosomiasis remains a major neglected tropical disease globally and presents particular challenges for countries transitioning from control to elimination. Saudi Arabia represents a unique epidemiological setting, having shifted from historical e...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Control and Elimination of Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,469 Views
11 Pages

Updating the Endemicity Map of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Ten Local Government Areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria

  • Uwem F. Ekpo,
  • Jacob Solomon,
  • Hammed O. Mogaji,
  • Francisca O. Olamiju and ,
  • Fajana Oyinlola,
  • Ijeoma Achu,
  • Olanike O. Oladipupo,
  • Alice Y. Kehinde,
  • Imaobong O. Umah and
  • Louise K. Makau-Barasa
  • + 7 authors+ 2 authors

As Nigeria advances toward the elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), updated endemicity maps are essential for guiding programmatic decisions. A cross-sectional study was conducted to update the STH endemicity maps in ten local governm...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Control and Elimination of Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,924 Views
12 Pages

Strengthening the National Reference Laboratory in the Republic of Congo: An Investment Imperative for Tuberculosis Diagnostics

  • Darrel Ornelle Elion Assiana,
  • Franck Hardain Okemba-Okombi,
  • Salomon Tchuandom Bonsi,
  • Freisnel Hermeland Mouzinga and ,
  • Juliet E. Bryant,
  • Jean Akiana,
  • Tanou Joseph Kalivogui,
  • Alain Disu Kamalandua,
  • Nuccia Saleri and
  • Dissou Affolabi
  • + 7 authors+ 2 authors

National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratories (NTRLs) are central to tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Between 2018 and 2024, the Republic of Congo, a country of 6 million inhabitants, achieved a transformative strengthening of its TB diagnostic sys...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing and Future Approaches)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,498 Views
16 Pages

Analysis of the Short- and Long-Term Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Immunized with Total Naegleria fowleri Extract Co-Administered with Cholera Toxin

  • Mara Gutiérrez-Sánchez,
  • Maria de la Luz Ortega-Juárez,
  • María Maricela Carrasco-Yépez,
  • Rubén Armando Herrera-Ceja and ,
  • Itzel Berenice Rodríguez-Mera and
  • Saúl Rojas-Hernández
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Background: Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba that inhabits warm freshwater and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rapidly fatal infection with >95% mortality. Due to the lack of early diagnosis and effective therapy, prev...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Naegleria fowleri and Emerging Amoebic Infections)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,374 Views
18 Pages

Temporal Trends in Lower Respiratory Infection Mortality in Ecuador, 2012–2022

  • Reena Krishna,
  • Luis Furuya-Kanamori and
  • Harriet L. S. Lawford

Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in Ecuador; however, evidence to support prevention strategies is limited. This study aimed to identify age-specific trends, spatial patterns, and sociodemogr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,137 Views
12 Pages

Imported Eosinophilia in Migrants from Endemic Areas in Spain

  • Laura Niño-Puerto,
  • Belén Vicente,
  • Juan Hernández-Goenaga,
  • Javier Pardo Lledías and ,
  • Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido,
  • Moncef Belhassen-García and
  • Antonio Muro
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Eosinophilia is a valuable biomarker for estimating the likelihood of parasitic infection in immigrants from tropical or subtropical regions. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and etiology of imported eosinophilia in patients attending the T...

(This article belongs to the Section Travel Medicine)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,713 Views
26 Pages

Background: Malaria remains a major public health concern in Africa, due to the persistence of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes that sustain transmission post treatment. This study evaluated the effects of artemether–lumefantrine (AL) alone co...

(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,265 Views
34 Pages

Leptospirosis remains a significant public health and economic burden in Southeast Asia, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where environmental, occupational, and socioeconomic factors contribute to its endemicity. Transmission is drive...

(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,060 Views
10 Pages

Brucella, Coxiella, and Theileria Species DNA in Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis Ticks Collected from Goats and Sheep in Qinghai Province, Northwest China

  • Kun Li,
  • Xuxin Yang,
  • Jianling Wang,
  • Shengyu Li and ,
  • Xu Zhao,
  • Shengjun Cai,
  • Leyu Wu,
  • Guoqiang An,
  • Hongyan Zhao and
  • Hai Jiang
  • + 9 authors+ 4 authors

Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis is an endemic tick species distributed in the western plateau areas of China. Although they are three-host ticks, infesting multiple animals (including humans), the occurrence of various tick-borne agents has barely been in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Distribution and Diversity of Tick-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,591 Views
13 Pages

Application of a One-Health Approach for Dermatophyte Infections

  • Deborah Cruciani,
  • Manuela Papini,
  • Sara Spina,
  • Carla Sebastiani and ,
  • Vincenzo Piscioneri,
  • Alessandro Fiorucci and
  • Silvia Crotti
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Dermatomycoses pose significant zoonotic and public health challenges, involving interactions among fungal agents, host immunity, and environmental reservoirs. Eight cases of dermatophyte infection involving five humans, two cats and one dog were inv...

(This article belongs to the Section One Health)
  • Case Report
  • Open Access
2,163 Views
9 Pages

Background: Although China has eliminated indigenous malaria, imported cases, particularly among young and middle-aged workers returning from Africa, constitute a major challenge for current epidemic prevention and control. In contrast, imported mala...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tools for Battling Malaria)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,566 Views
11 Pages

Occupational Infection Prevention Among Nurses and Laboratory Technicians Amidst Multiple Health Emergencies in Outbreak-Prone Country, D.R. Congo

  • Nlandu Roger Ngatu,
  • Sakiko Kanbara,
  • Christian Wansu-Mapong,
  • Daniel Kuezina Tonduangu and ,
  • Ngombe Leon-Kabamba,
  • Berthier Nsadi-Fwene,
  • Bertin Mindje-Kolomba,
  • Antoine Tshimpi,
  • Kanae Kanda and
  • Akihito Harusato
  • + 12 authors+ 7 authors

Millions of healthcare workers experience percutaneous exposure to bloodborne communicable infectious disease pathogens annually, with the risk of contracting occupationally acquired infections. In this study, we aimed to assess the status of occupat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Infectious Disease—Global Challenges and Local Solutions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,085 Views
15 Pages

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns in the Public Health System in the Eastern Region of the Brazilian Amazon, Northern Tocantins State, Brazil: Retrospective Cohort Study

  • Stela B. C. Sousa,
  • Cláudia D. M. Mangueira,
  • Sandro E. Moron,
  • Raphael G. Ferreira and ,
  • Helierson Gomes,
  • Noé M. E. P. L. Costa,
  • Alex S. R. Cangussu,
  • Bergmann M. Ribeiro,
  • Fabricio S. Campos and
  • Marcos G. da Silva
  • + 15 authors+ 10 authors

Objective: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis in neonates treated in the public health network of the eastern region of the Brazilian Amazon, northern Tocantins state. Methods: A retrospective cohort study wa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxoplasma and Neospora: Public Health Challenges in Tropical Regions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,680 Views
16 Pages

Stability and Efficacy of Chlorinated Disinfectants in Beninese Hospitals: Issues for the Prevention and Control of Infections and Antibiotic Resistance

  • Sènami Evelyne Soclo Dansi,
  • Comlan Cyriaque Degbey,
  • Alphonse Kpozehouen,
  • Nicolas Gaffan and ,
  • Affi Diane Agbokou,
  • Ounoussa Tapha,
  • Dona Euloge Saïzonou,
  • Houénoukpo Henri Soclo and
  • Honoré Sourou Bankolé
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

In hospitals with limited resources, chlorine solutions are commonly used for biocleaning. The effectiveness of these solutions depends on the concentration of active chlorine and how they are prepared and stored. A study conducted in six University...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches to Combat Infectious Diseases in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs): Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Interventions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,062 Views
17 Pages

Dengue Incidence Following Mass Vaccination: An Interrupted Time Series Study in Paraná, Brazil

  • Magda Clara Vieira da Costa-Ribeiro,
  • Elias Teixeira Krainski,
  • Angela Maron de Mello,
  • Denise Siqueira de Carvalho and ,
  • Karin Regina Luhm,
  • Fredi Alexander Diaz-Quijano,
  • Sonia Mara Raboni,
  • Lineu Roberto da Silva,
  • Marilene da Cruz Magalhães Buffon and
  • Silvia Emiko Shimakura
  • + 9 authors+ 4 authors

In southern Brazil, dengue transmission in the state of Paraná has shown a significant increase in the number of cases since the first recorded occurrence in 1995, with more frequent outbreaks in the west, northwest, and north of the state. We...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beyond Borders—Tackling Neglected Tropical Viral Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,734 Views
18 Pages

It has been demonstrated that infants and young children exhibit immune tolerance as a consequence of immature immune systems, which are characterized by a natural Th2 bias. RSV infection has been reported to result in acute lower respiratory infecti...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Responses in Respiratory Infections)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,228 Views
14 Pages

Finding the Gaps: Integrated Serosurveillance and Spatial Clustering of Vaccine Preventable Diseases in Samoa, 2018–2019

  • Selina Ward,
  • Harriet L. S. Lawford,
  • Benn Sartorius,
  • Helen J. Mayfield and ,
  • Filipina Amosa-Lei Sam,
  • Sarah Louise Sheridan,
  • Robert Thomsen,
  • Satupaitea Viali and
  • Colleen L. Lau
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

Introduction: Seroprevalence of antibodies for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), due to vaccination or previous infection, can provide a more accurate estimate of immunity compared to vaccination coverage data alone. This study aimed to examine th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance of Eliminated and Near-Eliminated Infectious Disease in the Western Pacific Region)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,158 Views
10 Pages

Incidence and Spatial Mapping of Tuberculosis and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Libreville, Republic of Gabon, in 2022

  • Casimir Manzengo,
  • Nlandu Roger Ngatu,
  • Stredice Manguinga-Guitouka,
  • Fleur Lignenguet and ,
  • Ghislaine Nkone-Asseko,
  • Marie Nsimba-Miezi,
  • Nobuyuki Miyatake,
  • Jose Lami-Nzunzu and
  • Tomohiro Hirao
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, and the WHO central Africa region continues to bear the heaviest disease burden. Gabon is one of the high-TB-burden countries in the world; however, its national TB program performa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Control in Africa and Asia)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,746 Views
22 Pages

Community Participatory Approach to Design, Test, and Implement Interventions That Reduce Risk of Bat-Borne Disease Spillover: A Case Study from Cambodia

  • Dou Sok,
  • Sreytouch Vong,
  • Sophal Lorn,
  • Chanthy Srey and ,
  • Madeline Kenyon,
  • Bruno M. Ghersi,
  • Tristan L. Burgess,
  • Marcia Griffiths,
  • Disha Ali and
  • Jennifer Peterson
  • + 10 authors+ 5 authors

Background/Objectives: The USAID STOP Spillover project in Cambodia aimed to reduce the risk of zoonotic virus spillover from bats to humans in bat guano farming communities. Methods: Using participatory tools, such as Outcome Mapping and Trials of I...

(This article belongs to the Section One Health)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,068 Views
17 Pages

Spatial Risk Factors of Vector-Borne Diseases in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A Scoping Review

  • Tathiana Nuñez Murillo,
  • Angela Cadavid Restrepo,
  • Helen J. Mayfield,
  • Colleen L. Lau and ,
  • Benn Sartorius and
  • Behzad Kiani
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesise spatially relevant environmental, demographic, and socio-economic factors associated with vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), a region particularly vul...

(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,423 Views
18 Pages

Analysis of Adolescent HIV Care Cascade Outcomes in PEPFAR-Supported Programs in Central America, October 2020–September 2024

  • Lissette Raquel Chang,
  • Cristine Gutierrez,
  • Jose Rodas,
  • Nancy Aitcheson and ,
  • Nasim Farach,
  • Carlos Castaneda,
  • Andres Azmitia Rugg and
  • Benjamin Ryan Phelps
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

To better understand recent adolescent (10–19 years) HIV trends in Central America, we analyzed routine data from countries supported by the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR): Guatemala, El Salvador, Hondur...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adolescent HIV Care and Transition Strategies: Challenges, Outcomes, and Interventions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,581 Views
21 Pages

In Vitro Assessment of the Combined Activity of Amphotericin B and Cu2+-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Coordination Compound Against Leishmania amazonensis Promastigotes

  • Simone Santiago Carvalho de Oliveira,
  • Débora Duarte Batista,
  • Michael Devereux,
  • Malachy McCann and ,
  • Christiane Fernandes,
  • André Luis Souza dos Santos and
  • Marta Helena Branquinha
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Leishmaniasis is a severe parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies that affects both humans and animals, with clinical manifestations ranging from cutaneous lesions to life-threatening visceral involvement. Current treatments are limited by toxicit...

(This article belongs to the Section Neglected and Emerging Tropical Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,988 Views
20 Pages

Clinical Protocols for the Initial Evaluation and Follow-Up of Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease: A Proposal for Referral Centers

  • Alejandro Marcel Hasslocher-Moreno,
  • Ana Cristina Ribeiro Rohem,
  • Andrea Rodrigues da Costa,
  • Andréa Silvestre de Sousa and ,
  • Fernanda de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes,
  • Fernanda Martins Carneiro,
  • Flavia Mazzoli-Rocha,
  • Gilberto Marcelo Sperandio da Silva,
  • Henrique Horta Veloso and
  • Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
  • + 11 authors+ 6 authors

Chagas disease (CD) remains a major global health challenge and requires standardized, multidisciplinary, and evidence-based clinical approaches. This article aims to present and systematize the model of clinical routines developed at the Clinical Re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Neglected Tropical Diseases: Burden, Science, and Policy Interventions)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2,160 Views
27 Pages

The Role of Immunogenetics in the Host–Parasite Interaction of Chagas Disease: Implications for Personalized Medicine

  • Muhammad Hassnain,
  • Syeda Mahnoor Bukhari,
  • Tahira Bibi,
  • Syeda Fakhra Waheed and ,
  • Monica C. Botelho and
  • Waqas Ahmad
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, continues to be a significant global health issue, especially in Latin America, with increasing international prevalence due to migration. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,766 Views
16 Pages

Spatial Distribution and Biodiversity of Anopheles Mosquito Species Across Climatic Zones in Burkina Faso: Implications for Malaria Vector Control

  • Odette N. Zongo,
  • Emmanuel Kiendrebeogo,
  • Bazoumana B. D. Sow,
  • Mahamadi Kientega and ,
  • Inoussa Toé,
  • Roger Sanou,
  • Saberé O. G. Yemien,
  • Grégoire Sawadogo,
  • Honorine Kaboré and
  • Abdoulaye Diabaté
  • + 12 authors+ 7 authors

Malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by the An. gambiae complex and An. funestus group, whose distribution varies across ecological settings. Secondary species occur at lower densities, but their role in transmission may differ fro...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vector-Borne Diseases in a Changing Climate: Transmission Dynamics and Epidemiological Shifts)
XFacebookLinkedIn
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. - ISSN 2414-6366