Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing and Future Approaches

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 523

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
2. Antrum Biotech, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
Interests: tuberculosis; diagnostics; immunology; biomarker discovery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with millions affected annually. This Special Issue, entitled ‘Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing and Future Approaches’, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic landscape, highlighting advancements, ongoing research, and future directions in TB diagnostics.

This Special Issue aims to focus on traditional diagnostic methods, which, despite their limitations, remain widely used in many regions. We also aim to explore the integration of molecular diagnostics, which have improved the sensitivity and specificity of TB detection.

Future directions in TB diagnostics involve the development of rapid, accurate, and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostics. This includes the exploration of novel biomarkers for non-sputum-based tests and the application of artificial intelligence in radiological imaging to enhance diagnostic accuracy. These are crucial for populations unable to produce sputum, such as children and severely ill patients.

This Special Issue also aims to focus on the challenges faced in resource-limited settings and the need for diagnostics that can address drug-resistant TB strains. The potential of multiomics approaches and the discovery of theranostic markers for personalized treatment regimens will also be explored, thereby emphasising the importance of aligning diagnostic advancements with shorter TB drug regimens and improving healthcare delivery systems to ensure the uptake of new technologies.

Contributions to this Special Issue should aim to provide a platform for discussing the current state and future prospects of TB diagnostics. By highlighting innovative approaches and addressing existing challenges, we seek to aid in the global effort to combat TB effectively. The ultimate goal is to ensure that diagnostic advancements are accessible and applicable across diverse healthcare settings, thereby improving TB management and outcomes worldwide.

Dr. Philippa J. Randall
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tuberculosis
  • diagnostics
  • drug-resistant tuberculosis
  • point-of-care
  • novel biomarkers
  • multiomics approaches

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1111 KiB  
Article
A High Burden of Infectious Tuberculosis Cases Among Older Children and Young Adolescents of the Female Gender in Ethiopia
by Zewdu Dememew, Atakilt Deribew, Amtatachew Zegeye, Taye Janfa, Teshager Kegne, Yohannes Alemayehu, Asfawosen Gebreyohannes, Sidhartha Deka, Pedro Suarez, Daniel Datiko and Dan Schwarz
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(3), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10030079 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 365
Abstract
The study was conducted in all regions of Ethiopia, except Tigray. It describes types of Tuberculosis (TB) based on gender, age, region, HIV status, and geographic setting in Ethiopia. It is a cross-sectional study that utilized the Ministry of Health’s District Health Information [...] Read more.
The study was conducted in all regions of Ethiopia, except Tigray. It describes types of Tuberculosis (TB) based on gender, age, region, HIV status, and geographic setting in Ethiopia. It is a cross-sectional study that utilized the Ministry of Health’s District Health Information System-based reporting to analyze all types of TB from July 2022 to March 2024. In total, 290,450 TB cases were detected: 42.6% (123,871) were female, 9.4% (27,160) were children (under 15 years of age), and 14.5% (42,228) were adolescents (10–19 years of age). About 48% (20,185) of adolescent TB cases were bacteriologically confirmed, of which 47.5% were females. Compared to children <5 years, the male-to-female ratio is 26% higher among older children (5–9 years of age) (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.51–2.01)) and 53% higher among adolescents (AOR: 1.53, 95% CI 0.87–2.18). In short, about half of TB cases are infectious among older children and young adolescents of the female gender in Ethiopia. TB among these age categories may be addressed through the integration of TB services with reproductive health services and youth-friendly and pediatric clinics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing and Future Approaches)
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