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Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Volume 10, Issue 12

2025 December - 28 articles

Cover Story: Vector-borne diseases remain a major public health concern in Brazil and have historically been addressed through extensive use of chemical insecticides. Since the early twentieth century, successive national control programs have relied on diverse compounds, ranging from organochlorines and organophosphates to pyrethroids, insect growth regulators, microbial larvicides, and more recent dual-active-ingredient formulations. Although these strategies have produced short-term reductions in vector populations and disease transmission, their prolonged and widespread application has contributed to the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance, particularly in Aedes aegypti. This review traces the history of insecticide use in Brazil and examines its implications for resistance development and sustainable vector control. View this paper
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Articles (28)

  • Article
  • Open Access
465 Views
15 Pages

Multi-Target Molecular Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil

  • Melina Vieira Alves,
  • Letícia Alves dos Santos Silva,
  • Maria Luísa Rodrigues Nolasco,
  • Anny Beatriz de Oliveira Gama,
  • Márcia Guimarães da Silva and
  • Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista

Co-infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) facilitates cervical carcinogenesis, and additional cofactors such as other sexually transmitted infections (STI) further aggravate this scenario. This study aimed to v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
705 Views
15 Pages

Respiratory Illness and Diarrheal Disease Surveillance in U.S. Military Personnel Deployed to Southeast Asia for Military Exercises from 2023–2025

  • Sidhartha Chaudhury,
  • Paphavee Lertsethtakarn,
  • Piyawan Chinnawirotpisan,
  • Nattaya Ruamsap,
  • Worachet Kuntawunginn,
  • Chadin Thongpiam,
  • Kingkan Pidtana,
  • Kittijarankon Phontham,
  • Saowaluk Wongarunkochakorn and
  • Daniel M. Boudreaux
  • + 24 authors

The Indo-Pacific region hosts several annual military exercises that involve the deployment of thousands of U.S. and partner-nation military personnel. Respiratory and diarrheal diseases pose a significant health risk to exercise participants and rep...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,899 Views
12 Pages

Background: The global incidence of dengue has markedly increased over the last decades. Consequently, the risk of infection has increased significantly, resulting in record numbers of imported cases in various European countries and elsewhere in 202...

  • Article
  • Open Access
680 Views
12 Pages

Spatial Analysis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Colombia (2020–2023): Departmental Rates, Clusters, and Associated Factors

  • Brayan Patiño-Palma,
  • Sandra Chacon-Bambague,
  • Farlhyn Bermudez-Moreno,
  • Carmencita Peña-Briceño,
  • Juan Bustos-Carvajal and
  • Florencio Arias-Coronel

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) constitutes a serious threat to global public health due to the increase in strains resistant to multiple drugs, especially isoniazid and rifampicin. This resistance increases mortality, estimated at 25...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,087 Views
17 Pages

Concurrent Assessment of Synthetic and Natural Compounds on the Proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in In Vitro Models

  • Alejandro Zamora-Vélez,
  • Derly Lorena Vanegas,
  • María Camila Fernández,
  • Gerardo Ramos,
  • Edwar Cortés,
  • Ailan Farid Arenas,
  • Néstor Cardona,
  • Jessica Palacio-Rodriguez,
  • Juan David Valencia-Hernandez and
  • Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín
  • + 2 authors

Concurrent evaluation of the antiparasitic efficacy of synthetic and natural compounds can provide novel insights into the development of anti-Toxoplasma drugs. We assessed 16 synthetic compounds and two fractions derived from the leaves of Tabebuia ...

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
543 Views
7 Pages

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health threat in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), driven by a combination of social determinants including undernutrition, fragile h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
594 Views
17 Pages

Optimization of Case Finding and Preventive Treatment Among Household Contacts of People with Tuberculosis in Zimbabwe

  • Tawanda Mapuranga,
  • Collins Timire,
  • Ronald T. Ncube,
  • Sithabiso Dube,
  • Nqobile Mlilo,
  • Cynthia Chiteve,
  • Owen Mugurungi,
  • Fungai Kavenga,
  • Manners Ncube and
  • Riitta A. Dlodlo
  • + 5 authors

Systematic screening of household contacts (HHCs) of people with tuberculosis (TB) and starting them on either TB treatment or tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) reduces TB incidence. This project supported HHC management in six health facilitie...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
567 Views
7 Pages

Hidden in Plain Sight: Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking Ovarian Neoplasm—A Case Report

  • Dolfus Santiago Romero-Rojas,
  • Andrés Rojas-Torres,
  • Brenda Amell-Barón,
  • David Serna,
  • Luis Vasquez-Pinto,
  • Luis Eduardo Barrera-Herrera and
  • Javier Iván Lasso-Apraez

Tuberculosis remains the deadliest infectious disease worldwide. Among extrapulmonary forms, peritoneal tuberculosis stands out as a rare and challenging diagnosis, often mistaken for intra-abdominal neoplasms or peritoneal carcinomatosis. The clinic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,536 Views
19 Pages

Integrated Surveillance for Human and Animal Brucellosis in Kenya: A Predictive Analysis

  • Samuel Kahariri,
  • Lian F. Thomas,
  • Bernard Bett,
  • Marianne W. Mureithi,
  • Anita Makori,
  • Brian Njuguna,
  • Samuel Kadivane,
  • Dennis N. Makau,
  • Nyamai Mutono and
  • S. M. Thumbi

Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease which poses a significant public health challenge globally. In Kenya, it is a priority zoonosis, causing morbidity and losses in humans and animals. Here, we used monthly surveillance data from 2014 to 2022...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
722 Views
14 Pages

Serologic Evidence of Circulation of Six Arboviruses (Dengue Virus, Chikungunya Virus, Zika Virus, Rift Valley Virus, Yellow Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus) in Four Regions of Burkina Faso, West Africa

  • Armel Moumouni Sanou,
  • Achille Sindimbasba Nikiéma,
  • Aurélie Sausy,
  • Jeoffray Diendéré,
  • Mathuola Nina Genéviève Ouattara,
  • Arielle Bettina Sandra Badiel,
  • Isidore Bonkoungou,
  • Henri Gautier Ouédraogo and
  • Judith M. Hübschen

Apart from some information on dengue virus (DENV), there is limited data on the circulation of arboviruses in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to investigate antibody prevalence against six arboviruses in four regions of the country to docume...

  • Reply
  • Open Access
284 Views
2 Pages

Reply to Omansen, T.F.; Ramharter, M. Intensive Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Severe Yellow Fever: What Is the Evidence? Comment on “Ho et al. Intensive Therapeutic Plasma Exchange—New Approach to Treat and Rescue Patients with Severe Form of Yellow Fever. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 39”

  • Yeh-Li Ho,
  • Youko Nukui,
  • Paula Ribeiro Villaça,
  • Erica Okazaki,
  • Nelson Hidekazu Tatsui,
  • Lucas Chaves Netto,
  • Daniel Joelsons,
  • Tania Rubia Flores da Rocha,
  • Fernanda de Mello Malta and
  • Vanderson Rocha
  • + 2 authors

Dear Drs [...]

  • Comment
  • Open Access
1 Citations
483 Views
2 Pages

Recent outbreaks of yellow fever in Brazil, with hundreds of cases despite available vaccination, have drawn attention to the pressing need for effective therapeutic interventions, with a special focus on the critically ill [...]

  • Correction
  • Open Access
198 Views
1 Page

There was an error in the original publication [...]

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
549 Views
6 Pages

An Unusual Presentation of Human Parotid Filariasis

  • Tanaya Siripoon,
  • Suppachok Kirdlarp,
  • Polrat Wilairatana,
  • Viravarn Luvira,
  • Prakaykaew Charunwatthana,
  • Parnpen Viriyavejakul and
  • Paron Dekumyoy

Human filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi continues to circulate within Northern and Central Thailand and Southern Thailand, respectively. Major clinical presentations comprise lymphedema of extremities, hydrocele, funiculitis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,133 Views
12 Pages

Seasonal Pattern and Age-Specific Detection of Eight Respiratory Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Infection in 2024, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Nungruthai Suntronwong,
  • Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana,
  • Jiratchaya Puenpa,
  • Siripat Pasittungkul,
  • Ratchadawan Aeemjinda,
  • Lakkhana Wongsrisang and
  • Yong Poovorawan

Since the emergence of COVID-19, the epidemiological and seasonal patterns of respiratory pathogens have shifted, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance. This study investigated the epidemiology, seasonal trends, and age-specific detection of...

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
592 Views
7 Pages

Evaluating the New TB Antigen-Based Skin Test to Diagnose TB Infection in South Africa

  • Farzana Sathar,
  • Claire du Toit,
  • Violet Chihota,
  • Conor Eastop,
  • Norbert Ndjeka,
  • Katlego Motlhaoleng,
  • Harry Hausler,
  • Matsie Mphahlele,
  • Khilona Radia and
  • Kavindhran Velen
  • + 4 authors

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) antigen-based skin tests, known as TB-specific skin tests (TBSTs), have been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to test for TB infection (TBI). In light of these new recommendations, we conducted a situ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,445 Views
12 Pages

Public Awareness of Rabies and Post-Bite Practices in Makkah Region of Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study

  • Nahla H. Hariri,
  • Khalid S. Alrougi,
  • Abdullah A. Almogbil,
  • Mona H. Kassar,
  • Reman G. Alharbi,
  • Abdullah O. Krenshi,
  • Jory M. Altayyar,
  • Abdullah S. Alibrahim,
  • Maher N. Alandiyjany and
  • Heba M. Adly
  • + 3 authors

Background: Rabies is a fatal yet preventable zoonosis. In Saudi Arabia, uneven surveillance and limited public awareness may delay post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). In Makkah, where residents regularly encounter free-roaming dogs, knowledge gaps coul...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,435 Views
22 Pages

A Brief History of the Use of Insecticides in Brazil to Control Vector-Borne Diseases, and Implications for Insecticide Resistance

  • Bashir Alsharif,
  • Maria Alice Varjal Melo-Santos,
  • Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
  • Constância Flávia Junqueira Ayres

In Brazil, public health programs have relied predominantly on chemical insecticides to control Aedes aegypti, Anopheles spp., Culex quinquefasciatus, triatomines, and phlebotomines. Rising vector-borne disease incidence and insecticide resistance (I...

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
692 Views
7 Pages

Climate, Interventions, and Malaria Outcomes in a Warming World: Towards Climate-Smart Malaria Control in Kenya

  • Bryan O. Nyawanda,
  • Eric Ochomo,
  • James D. Otieno,
  • Kibor Keitany,
  • Beatrice K. Machini and
  • Penelope Vounatsou

Malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa lies at the intersection of changing climate suitability and the scale-up of vector control and case management. Drawing on recent evidence from Kenya, we argue that climate variability already exerts effects on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
815 Views
11 Pages

Epidemiology of HIV in Remote Equatorial Regions of Cameroon: High Prevalence in Older Adults and Regional Disparities

  • Marcel Tongo,
  • Yannick F. Ngoume,
  • Ramla F. Tanko,
  • Urmes C. Teagho,
  • Brice Eselacha,
  • Oumarou H. Goni,
  • Dell-Dylan Kenfack,
  • Mérimé Tchakoute and
  • Georges Nguefack-Tsague

Data on HIV prevalence in remote, rural communities of Cameroon are scarce despite the country’s high HIV-1 group M diversity. This study assessed HIV seroprevalence and socio-demographic determinants in four regions of the equatorial rainfores...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
586 Views
19 Pages

Lung Involvement in Patients with Leptospirosis in Tropical Australia; Associations, Clinical Course and Implications for Management

  • Adam Sykes,
  • Simon Smith,
  • Hayley Stratton,
  • Megan Staples,
  • Patrick Rosengren,
  • Anna Brischetto,
  • Stephen Vincent and
  • Josh Hanson

Lung involvement in patients with leptospirosis is associated with a more complicated disease course. However, the demographic and clinical associations of lung involvement are incompletely defined, and its optimal management is uncertain. This retro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
600 Views
50 Pages

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence behavior is heterogeneous among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with HIV and influenced by individual and interpersonal psychosocial factors. The primary objective of this study is to characterize ART adhere...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
660 Views
14 Pages

Molecular Mechanisms of Efficacy Variation in Antivenoms: Insights from a Malayan Pit Viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) Bite in Vietnam

  • Thuan Quang Le,
  • Nguyen Trung Nguyen,
  • Yen Bao Pham,
  • Minh Bao Vu,
  • Nhan Thanh Le,
  • Nhan Sy Pham Nguyen,
  • Neil R. Balchan,
  • Choo Hock Tan,
  • Thai Huu Duong and
  • Tao Thien Nguyen
  • + 1 author

Background: Although antivenom is the standard treatment for snakebite envenoming, its efficacy may be impacted by geographic variation in venom composition, emphasizing the need for region-specific antivenom development. Methods: We report a case of...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,234 Views
44 Pages

Dengue and Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review

  • Matteo Riccò,
  • Antonio Cascio,
  • Luca Pipitò,
  • Marco Bottazzoli,
  • Paolo Manzoni,
  • Lilian Romina Brandolisio,
  • Cecilia Nobili and
  • Pasquale Gianluca Giuri

Dengue fever typically presents as a febrile illness, and acute pancreatitis has been reported as a rare complication. Limited evidence exists regarding clinical features, imaging findings, and outcomes, particularly on the distinction between acute...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,435 Views
11 Pages

Epidemiological Trends and Predictive Modeling of Dengue Fever in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries

  • Qian Ren,
  • Ruoxi Li,
  • Xiaojun Liu,
  • Wei Hao,
  • Xiaojie Zhou,
  • Meide Liu,
  • Hongjiang Zhang,
  • Xinying Feng,
  • Xiaogui Li and
  • Zhenjiang Xin
  • + 3 authors

Dengue fever is one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region is a high-incidence area for dengue fever and a primary source of imported cases in China. Based on the Global Burd...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,065 Views
25 Pages

The incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease are rising. This narrative review examines the evolution of NTM disease trends over the past four decades, in Canada and globally, encompassing changing epidemiology, shifting...

  • Article
  • Open Access
841 Views
18 Pages

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of New Cases of Leprosy in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

  • Celivane Cavalcanti Barbosa,
  • Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra,
  • Amanda Tavares Xavier,
  • André Luiz Sá de Oliveira,
  • Marcílio Sandro de Medeiros,
  • Cristine Vieira do Bonfim,
  • Zulma Maria de Medeiros and
  • Wayner Vieira de Souza

Spatial analysis of leprosy case distribution serves as a critical tool for identifying priority areas for intervention, particularly in settings with marked epidemiological heterogeneity. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of new l...

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Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. - ISSN 2414-6366