One-Health Perspectives and Solutions in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2410

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; bacterial pathogens; diagnosis and detection, environment; microbial source tracking; protozoan pathogens
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and disease from bacterial and fungal infections pose an encompassing threat to human, animal, and environmental health worldwide. They are among the leading causes of global deaths, with a growing incidence across the years. Bacterial and fungal pathogens are ubiquitous and can reside and circulate in residential and clinical sectors, agriculture and animal food industries, and in environmental reservoirs such as soil and water, which have significant health implications. WHO estimated an annual 10 million AMR-related deaths worldwide by the year 2050. Meanwhile, resistant bacteria (ARBs) and resistance genes (ARGs) continue to emerge and disseminate. Their prevalence is further exacerbated by anthropogenic factors such as abuse and misuse of antimicrobials and the generation and improper disposal of waste in various sectors.

To prevent or lessen the burden and spread of AMR and pathogenic bacteria/ fungi, multi-faceted strategies involving humans, animals, and environments must be implemented. Studies involving the detection, surveillance, and tracking of contamination from sources such as residential, clinical, agricultural, and industrial settings to sinks such as soil and water bodies are important for understanding transmission dynamics and interactions among pathogens, hosts, and environments. Advancements in efficient diagnostic and detection methods for diverse pathogenic and ARBs, as well as ARGs, are crucial to monitor their prevalence and diversity, which will help in formulating mitigation and control measures against their emergence, dissemination, and infection. With decreasing options for antimicrobials, the search for alternative therapeutics is crucial to combat bacterial infections and AMR.

Continuing our Special Issue, titled “Pathogen–Host–Environment Interactions: One-Health Perspectives and Solutions in Antimicrobial Resistance and Disease” for 2024, we have deliberately launched the second volume dedicated to this theme. We anticipate scholars to continue paying attention to the issue of antimicrobial resistance and the important perspective of One Health and to publish their latest findings.

Prof. Dr. Windell L. Rivera
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 957 KB  
Article
Campylobacter Colonisation of Poultry Slaughtered at Nigerian Slaughterhouses: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Risk of Zoonotic Transmission
by Emmanuel O. Njoga, Philip P. Mshelbwala, Akwoba J. Ogugua, Excel C. Enemuo-Edo, Onyinye S. Onwumere-Idolor, Temitope M. Ogunniran, Sunday N. Bernard, Joel C. Ugwunwarua, Ebube C. Anidobe, Chinwe E. Okoli, Enid Godwin, Simon I. Enem and James W. Oguttu
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(9), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10090265 - 17 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Zoonotic Campylobacter species (ZCS), particularly C. jejuni and C. coli, cause major foodborne gastroenteritis and poultry is the principal reservoirs. However, there is limited data on Campylobacter transmission risk practices and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nigeria. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence, [...] Read more.
Zoonotic Campylobacter species (ZCS), particularly C. jejuni and C. coli, cause major foodborne gastroenteritis and poultry is the principal reservoirs. However, there is limited data on Campylobacter transmission risk practices and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nigeria. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence, AMR, and risk practices aiding Campylobacter transmission in two major slaughterhouses processing poultry carcasses in Enugu State, Nigeria. Four hundred poultry faecal samples were analysed for zoonotic Campylobacter organisms using standard protocols. Antimicrobial resistance was profiled via Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique, against eight antimicrobial agents. Risk practices were assessed through slaughterhouse observations and interviews with 56 workers. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter infections was 14.5% (58/400), while the species-specific prevalence were 13% (52/400) and 1.5% (6/400) for C. coli and C. jejuni, respectively. Campylobacter colonisation was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in broilers, and during the wet season. The AMR profile of the isolates against the eight antibiotics tested was: Amoxicillin/clauvlanic acid (100%), vancomycin (100%), tetracycline (96.6%), ciprofloxacin (55.2%), chloramphenicol (44.8%), ceftazidime (10.3%), azithromycin (3.4%) and streptomycin (3.4%). All the 58 Campylobacter isolates were multidrug-resistant. The multiple antibiotic resistance indices ranged from 0.4 to 0.9, with a mean of 0.7. Major risk practice associated with ZCS transmission include non-use of personal protective equipment (100%), slaughtering on unsanitary surfaces (100%), using visibly unclean water for meat processing (100%), improper manual evisceration (75%), eating or drinking during processing (64.4%), slaughtering sick animals (37.5%), inadequate cleaning of surfaces and equipment after use (21.4%) and consuming raw meat during carcass processing (19.6%). The findings reflect critical gaps in food safety, occupational health, prudent antimicrobial use in poultry farming and zoonotic disease control, emphasizing the need for antibiotic regulation, training on hygienic meat processing, public education, infrastructural development of slaughterhouse facilities, and inter-sectorial collaboration to curb Campylobacter contamination and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Full article
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13 pages, 582 KB  
Article
Asymptomatic Pneumococcal Carriage, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Risk Factors Among Paediatric Healthcare Workers in Benin
by Chakir Ishola Bello, Cyriaque Comlan Degbey, Yves Eric Denon, Adolphe Adjanonhoun and Lamine Baba-Moussa
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(9), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10090263 - 15 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in paediatric settings are routinely exposed to respiratory pathogens, increasing their risk of asymptomatic colonisation by meningitis-associated bacteria. This study is the first to assess oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal carriage of major bacterial meningitis pathogens among paediatric HCPs in Benin, [...] Read more.
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in paediatric settings are routinely exposed to respiratory pathogens, increasing their risk of asymptomatic colonisation by meningitis-associated bacteria. This study is the first to assess oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal carriage of major bacterial meningitis pathogens among paediatric HCPs in Benin, and to identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in nine hospitals between 1 September 2023 and 30 September 2024. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire and paired oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs. Culture-based identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed according to CA-SFM guidelines. By culture method, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated pathogen, mainly from oropharyngeal samples (47.5%). Most of these strains exhibited multidrug resistance. In nasopharyngeal samples analysed by real-time PCR, detection rates for S. pneumoniae were markedly higher (24.4%) compared to culture (5.0%), highlighting the limited sensitivity of conventional methods in detecting asymptomatic carriage. Pneumococcal colonisation was significantly associated with recent respiratory tract infections, and residence in high-risk areas (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the need for enhanced molecular surveillance, along with strengthened infection control measures and targeted vaccination strategies, to mitigate the risk of horizontal transmission in paediatric wards. Full article
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10 pages, 336 KB  
Brief Report
Molecular Detection of Mutations in the penA and 23S rRNA Genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Related to Decreased Cephalosporin and Azithromycin Susceptibility in Rectal Specimens from Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Lima, Peru
by Francesca Vasquez, Maria Eguiluz, Silver K. Vargas, Jazmin Qquellon, Carlos F. Caceres, Jeffrey D. Klausner and Kelika A. Konda
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(8), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10080211 - 28 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, represents a major public health concern due to its increasing antimicrobial resistance. While often asymptomatic—particularly in extragenital infections—untreated cases can lead to severe complications and further transmission. Despite global efforts to monitor antimicrobial resistance, data [...] Read more.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, represents a major public health concern due to its increasing antimicrobial resistance. While often asymptomatic—particularly in extragenital infections—untreated cases can lead to severe complications and further transmission. Despite global efforts to monitor antimicrobial resistance, data on the molecular determinants underlying decreased susceptibility in N. gonorrhoeae remain scarce in Peru. This study aimed to detect mutations in the penA and 23S rRNA genes, which confer decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins and azithromycin resistance. We extracted DNA from 124 N. gonorrhoeae-positive clinical rectal specimens collected in Aptima Combo 2 transport tubes from MSM patients. These DNA samples were then screened using the Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay-based real-time PCR (MAMA-qPCR) to identify mutations in the 23S rRNA and penA genes. Each sample underwent separate reactions to detect A2059G and C2611T mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, and 86 of these samples were further tested in individual qPCR assays for the penA D345 deletion (D345del) or G545S mutations. Sanger sequencing was performed on all DNA samples positive for 23S rRNA mutations by MAMA-qPCR assay, and on 27 DNA samples that yielded sufficient penA amplicons for additional sequencing. Using the MAMA-qPCR assay for the 23S rRNA gene, 64 of 124 samples amplified in the A2059G reaction: 2 (3.1%) carried the mutation, and 62 were classified as wild type. In the C2611T reaction, 42 of 124 samples amplified, and none of them carried the mutation. Using the MAMA-qPCR assay for the penA gene, we only analyzed 86 samples, as the remaining 38 samples had insufficient DNA yield. A total of 44 of the 86 samples amplified in the D345del reaction: 5 (11.4%) carried the D345del, and 39 were classified as wild type. In the G545S reaction, 4 (6.4%) carried the mutation, and 58 were classified as wild type. Finally, sequencing of the penA gene in the 27 samples revealed mutations related to decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins. This study identified genetic mutations conferring resistance to azithromycin and decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins, providing an overview of the circulating mutations conferring resistance in N. gonorrhoeae strains in Peru. Full article
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