Food waste can serve as a sustainable source of energy for our life. Anaerobic digestion is widely used for this purpose, while, for increasing its utility, technologies that facilitate stable and efficient operations are needed. Microbial electrolysis is such a technology, during which microbial metabolisms are activated by supplying electric energy via electrodes. Researchers have proposed the idea that the activation of volatile fatty acid-degrading electroactive bacteria by microbial electrolysis facilitates COD removal, pH stabilization, and methane production, particularly under high organic loads; however, experimental demonstration of this idea is scarce. We therefore conducted the present work, in which situations in which microbial electrolysis is useful for anaerobic digestion are discussed. View this paper