Bioengineering, Volume 13, Issue 1

Accurate interpretation of missense variants in cancer-associated genes remains a critical challenge in precision oncology, as most sequence-based predictors lack mechanistic explanations. Receptor tyrosine kinases like FGFR2 exemplify this problem:...

Objectives: This study presents the development of a bilingual, expert-evaluated question–answer (Q&A) dataset, named PMR-Q&A, designed for training large language models (LLMs) in the field of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR)...

Collateral status is an important therapeutic indicator for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), yet visual collateral grading remains subjective and suffers from inter-observer variability. To address this limitation, this study automatically extracted bina...

Purpose: Orthognathic surgery is a cornerstone therapeutic approach for correcting dentofacial deformities; however, its Impact on neuromuscular adaptation remains incompletely understood, particularly regarding different surgical strategies. The aim...

Background and objectives: The increasing volume of total hip and knee arthroplasty created a significant postoperative surveillance burden. While plain radiographs are standard, the detection of aseptic loosening is subjective. This review evaluates...

This article presents a systematic review on methods for quantifying three-dimensional, time-resolved (3D+t) deformation and motion of human arteries from Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Following Preferred Reporting It...

Wearable sensors generate continuous physiological and behavioral data at a population scale, yet wellness prediction remains limited by noisy measurements, irregular sampling, and subjective outcomes. We introduce HybridSense, a unified framework th...

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is associated with abnormalities in both intrinsic resting-state brain networks and task-evoked neural responses, yet direct electrophysiological evidence linking these levels remains limited. This study examined...

Automated assessment of coronary artery (CA) lesions via Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) is essential for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, current deep learning approaches confront several challenges, primarily...

Background: Multimodal AI integration across genomics, radiomics, and pathomics is rapidly evolving in oncology, but evidence remains heterogeneous and unevenly distributed across modalities. Objective: To map empirical studies integrating two or mor...

This study establishes a murine model of corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) using a sustained-release prednisolone pellet and evaluates mitochondrial stress using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/com...

This review explores the transformative role of three-dimensional (3D) printing in radiation therapy for cancer treatment, emphasizing its potential to deliver patient-specific, cost-effective, and sustainable medical devices. The integration of 3D p...

Codon optimization is widely used to improve heterologous gene expression in Escherichia coli. However, many existing methods focus primarily on maximizing the codon adaptation index (CAI) and neglect broader aspects of biological context. In this st...

This study systematically evaluated the performance of three advanced large language models (LLMs)—GPT-4.0, ERNIE Bot 4.0, and GPT-4o—in the 2023 Chinese Medical Licensing Examination. Employing a dataset of 600 standardized questions, we...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is now embedded across many aspects of healthcare, yet most implementations remain fragmented, task-specific, and layered onto legacy workflows. This paper does not review AI applications in healthcare per se; instead, it...

Explainability features are intended to provide insight into the internal mechanisms of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device, but there is a lack of evaluation techniques for assessing the quality of provided explanations. We propose a framework to...

Engineered skin (ES) can serve as an advanced therapy for treatment of large full-thickness wounds, but delayed vascularization can cause ischemia, necrosis, and graft failure. To accelerate ES vascularization, this study assessed incorporation of po...

Rapid urbanization in China has driven annual food waste production to 130 million tons, posing severe environmental challenges for anaerobic digestate management. To resolve trade-offs among drying efficiency, resource recovery (fertilizer/fuel), an...

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into clinical documentation, decision support, and patient-facing applications across healthcare, including plastic and reconstructive surgery. Yet, their evaluation remains bottlen...

The COVID-19 outbreak has made it evident that the nature and behavior of SARS-CoV-2 requires constant research and surveillance, owing to the high mutation rates that lead to variants. This work focuses on the statistical analysis of energy measures...

Jawbone cavitations have been described for decades under various terminologies, including neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO) and fatty degenerative osteolysis of the jawbone (FDOJ). Their biological nature and clinical relevance re...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health burden worldwide and in Taiwan, ranking as the third leading cause of death globally, and its prevalence in Taiwan continues to rise. Readmission within 14 days is a key indicator of dise...

Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have shown significant promise in healthcare, particularly in medical image segmentation, which is crucial for accurate disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Despite their potential, challenges such as...

This paper examines the contrasting yet complementary approaches of the Constrained Disorder Principle (CDP) and Stefan Hell’s deterministic optical nanoscopy for managing noise in complex systems. The CDP suggests that controlled disorder with...

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a severe male infertility condition characterized by extremely low or absent sperm production. In microdissection testicular sperm extraction (Micro-TESE) procedures for NOA, embryologists must manually search thr...

Meniscal preservation is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of long-term knee joint health, yet successful repair remains challenging due to the meniscus’s limited intrinsic healing capacity. The adult meniscus is characterized b...

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is one of the most severe congenital heart defects; however, prenatal diagnosis remains suboptimal. A normal fetal heart has a junction between the pulmonary venous (PV) and left atrium (LA). In con...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, along with atypical behavioral patterns. Affected individuals often seem isolated in their inner world and exhibit...

This study aimed to develop an immersive virtual reality (VR) program and conduct preliminary evaluation of its feasibility and learner perception for enhancing nursing students’ clinical practicum education. The VR program was designed using t...

Background: Lingual orthodontic systems have recently advanced with the introduction of fully customized CAD/CAM-based designs featuring self-ligating (SL) mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the three-dimensional accuracy of a customized SL lin...

Knee osteoarthritis prognostic tools often target structural progression or surgery and require imaging or biomarker inputs that are not routinely available. Using Osteoarthritis Initiative data, we developed a fully clinical nomogram to estimate bot...

Mitral valve orifice area is a key functional metric that depends on complex geometric features, motivating a systematic assessment of the relative influence of these parameters. In this study, the mitral valve geometry is parameterized using twelve...

Radiographically visible carotid artery calcifications are typically seen at the level of the C3–C4 cervical vertebrae and can be detected on panoramic dental radiographs. Their early identification is clinically relevant, as they represent a p...

Understanding how primary structural features and secondary material properties adapt to functional loads is essential to determining their effect on changes in joint biomechanics over time. The objective of this study was to map and correlate spatio...

Wound dressing coverages (WDC) play a key role in protecting skin lesions and preventing infection. Polymeric membranes have been widely explored as WDC due to their ability to incorporate bioactive agents, including antimicrobial nanoparticles and n...

Background: General Movement Assessment is a strong early predictor of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes but remains qualitative and examiner-dependent. Quantitative, video-based kinematic analysis may complement General Movement Assessment by prov...

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease characterized by heel pain and functional impairment. Both high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) have demonstrated efficacy in managing pla...

Background/Objectives: Effective removal of organic tissue extruded beyond the apex is crucial in regenerative endodontics, particularly in teeth with immature apices; therefore, this study aims to compare the efficacy of standard needle irrigation (...

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in SaOs-2 osteosarcoma cells treated with zoledronic acid (ZA), a bisphosphonate, in vitro, mimicking a bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) situati...

Although membrane proteins are of major importance in both physiology and disease, they remain less studied than soluble proteins due to the complex amphiphilic environments required to preserve their structure and function. As a consequence, membran...

Aim: This study examined how load size and symmetry affect trunk muscle activation patterns, vertical ground reaction forces, and estimated lumbar spine compression during overground walking in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and those...

This study evaluated the reliability and inter-examiner agreement of the Implant Stability Test (IST) by Anycheck compared to the established Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) by Osstell across different bone quality types. Seven dental hygienists wit...

In fixed orthodontic treatment, brackets are orthodontic attachments bonded to the tooth enamel, and their placement and removal may affect the underlying enamel surface. Enamel degradation is a critical factor for oral health, as it reduces the mech...

Bio-electric fields—manifested as Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), and Electrooculogram (EOG)—are fundamental to modern medical diagnostics but often suffer from severe data imbalance, scarcity, a...

Background: Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is associated with structural tendon alterations and functional impairment. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a common treatment, but objective monitoring of tendon remodeling and motor r...

Despite significant improvements in revascularization strategies and medical management, ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the top cause of mortality and disability worldwide. The myocardium lacks regenerative capacity and consequently, recovery d...

Fall-compliant flooring represents a passive fall preventative approach that has emerged as an effective intervention for reducing fall-related injuries, yet its adoption remains limited due to insufficient understanding among end-users and key stake...

Purpose: Tympanostomy tubes are essential for middle ear ventilation, but conventional long-term tubes carry high perforation rates (12–22%). This study evaluated the Tympanostomy U-Tube (TUT), a novel silicone-based tube designed to minimize p...

Recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are the most common affective disorders worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of these disorders remains far from understood. Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping is a sensitive and...

Patients with severe structural tooth wear present significant restorative challenges, including compromised oral function and the loss of essential anatomical landmarks such as marginal ridges, incisal edges, cusps, occlusal planes, and vertical dim...