Universe, Volume 9, Issue 7

BL Lac objects are active galactic nuclei notable for a beamed nonthermal radiation, which is generated in one of the relativistic jets forming a small angle to the observer’s line-of-sight. The broadband spectra of BL Lacs show a two-component...

Considering space-time to be non-commutative, we study the evolution of the universe employing the approach of Newtonian cosmology. Generalizing the conservation of energy and the first law of thermodynamics to $\kappa$-deformed space-time, we derive...

The squared momentum transfer spectra of $\eta$ and ${\eta }^0$, produced in high-energy photon–proton ($\gamma p$) $\to \eta \left({\eta }^0\right)+p$ processes in electron–proton ($ep$) collisions performed at CEBAF, NINA, CEA, SLAC, DESY, and WLS are analyzed...

We investigate the class of helical hypersurfaces parametrized by $\mathfrak{x}=\mathfrak{x}(u,v,w)$, characterized by a light-like axis in Minkowski spacetime ${\mathbb{L}}^4$. We determine the matrices that represent the fundamental forms, Gauss map, and shape operator of $\mathfrak{x}$. Furthermor...

The non-linear dynamics of scalar fields coupled to matter and gravity can lead to remarkable density-dependent screening effects. In this short review, we present the main classes of screening mechanisms, and discuss their tests in laboratory and as...

In this article, we apply the formalism of (classical) Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics (EIT) to the dynamics of density fluctuations for a self-gravitating fluid in a static Universe, considering only bulk viscosity. The problem is characterized...

Recently, the Einstein–Maxwell–scalar model with a non-minimal coupling between the scalar and Maxwell fields was explored. As a result, a new class of black hole solutions with scalar hair was discovered. By fixing the mass of a black ho...

This is a non-standard exposition of the main notions of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, including recent results. It is based on the algebraic approach in which the starting point is a star-algebra and on the geometric approach in which...

The PHENIX experiment measured two-particle Bose–Einstein quantum-statistical correlations of charged kaons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV. The correlation functions are parametrized assuming that the source emitting the particles has a L...

In 2018, in preparation for the Beam Energy Scan II, the STAR detector was upgraded with the Event Plane Detector (EPD). The instrument enhanced STAR’s capabilities in centrality determination for fluctuation measurements, event plane resolutio...

We investigate the geometry of the magnetic field of rotation-powered pulsars. A new method for calculating an angle ($\beta$) between the spin and magnetic dipole axes of a neutron star (NS) in the ejector stage is considered within the frame of the magne...

In the de Sitter-invariant approach to gravitation, all solutions to the gravitational field equations are spacetimes that reduce locally to de Sitter. Consequently, besides including a Schwarzschild event horizon, the de Sitter-invariant black hole...

The binary-driven hypernova (BdHN) model explains long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) associated with supernovae (SNe) Ic through physical episodes that occur in a binary composed of a carbon-oxygen (CO) star and a neutron star (NS) companion in close orbit...

An accurate flux measurement of low-energy charged particles trapped in the magnetosphere is necessary for space weather characterization and to study the coupling between the lithosphere and magnetosphere, which allows for the investigation of the c...

The volume of research on fast radio bursts (FRBs) observation have been seeing a dramatic growth. To facilitate the systematic analysis of the FRB population, we established a database platform, Blinkverse, as a central inventory of FRBs from variou...

Recently, in Benetti et al. (Astrophys. J. 2023, 949, 65), we suggested that the dark matter (DM) component in galaxies may originate fractional gravity. In such a framework, the DM component exists, but the gravitational potential associated to its...

In the study of femtoscopic correlations in high-energy physics, besides Bose–Einstein correlations, one has to take final-state interactions into account. Amongst them, Coulomb interactions play a prominent role in the case of charged particle...

In this article, we compare different formulations of the number count prescription using the convenient formalism of the Geodesic-Light-Cone gauge. We then find a simple, exact, and very general expression of such a prescription which is suitable fo...

Neutrino astronomy has opened a new window to the extreme Universe, entering into a fruitful era built upon the success of neutrino telescopes, which have already given a new step forward in this novel and growing field by the first observation of st...

Within the framework of dispersion theory, we study the the processes $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varphi \left(2170\right)\to \varphi \pi \pi \left(K\overline{K}\right)$. The strong pion–pion final-state interactions, especially the $K\overline{K}$ coupled channel in the S wave, are taken in...

In this review, we discuss and extend the study of the inclusive production of vector quarkonia, $J/\psi$ and $\mathrm{{\rm Y}}$, emitted with large transverse momenta and rapidities at the LHC. We adopt the novel ZCW19${}^{+}$ determination of fragmentation function...

A new (improved) model of inflation and primordial black hole (PBH) formation is proposed by combining the Starobinsky model of inflation, Appleby–Battye–Starobinsky (ABS) model of dark energy, and a quantum correction in the modified $F(R$...

$J/\psi$, a charmonium bound state made of a charm and an anti-charm quark, was discovered in the 1970s and confirmed the quark model. Because the mass of charm quarks is significantly above the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) scale ${\mathsf{\Lambda }}_{QCD}$, charmoni...

This study is aimed to set severe constraints on a whole class of non-commutative space-times scenarios as a class of universality for several quantum gravity models. To this end, slight violations of the Pauli exclusion principle—predicted by...

Based on the five-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory, Bah et al. constructed a singularity-free topology star/black hole [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 151101 (2021)]. After performing the Kaluza–Klein reduction, i.e., integrating the extra spac...

The discovery of diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters proved the existence of energetic cosmic-ray electrons and cosmic magnetic fields on Mpc-scales in the Universe. Furthermore, both magnetic fields and cosmic-ray electrons are predicted to ex...

The measurement of two-particle Bose–Einstein momentum correlation functions are presented using $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=5.02$ TeV PbPb collision data, recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018. The measured correlation functions are discussed in terms of Lévy-...

We study the role of short-range correlations, as well as pion and rho loops governing long-range RPA correlations, in nuclear matter properties and response functions. We use an adapted formulation of the Brueckner G-matrix approach to generate a pa...

We investigate the evolution of gravitational waves through discontinuous evolution (transition) of the Hubble expansion rate $H\left(z\right)$ at a sudden cosmological singularity, which may be due to a transition of the value of the gravitational constant. We f...

About 70% of the Universe is Dark Energy, but the physics community still does not know what it is. Delta gravity (DG) is an alternative theory of gravitation that could solve this cosmological problem. Previously, we studied the Universe’s acc...

In this work, we study the parameter space of neutrino-emitting BL Lacs under the framework of the one-zone lepto-hadronic model. We show that constraints on the model come from various aspects of observations such as the variability timescale of bla...

In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the quantization of black holes using techniques developed in loop quantum cosmology. Due to the quantum geometry effect, the resulting quantum-corrected black hole provides non-singular models. T...

X-ray binary systems (XRBs) exhibit similar dynamics and multimessenger emission mechanisms to active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with the benefit of shorter time scaling. Those systems produce rich spectral energy distributions (SEDs) ranging from the ra...

In the context of the Fab-Four theory of gravity in a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker background, in this work we use the cosmography approach to study a particular self-tuning filter solution focused on a zero-curvature fixed point to stud...

In a recent article we showed that the vacuum energy density in two spacetime dimensions for a wide variety of integrable quantum field theories has the form ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}=-m^2/2\mathfrak{g}$ where m is a physical mass and $\mathfrak{g}$ is a generalized coupling, where in t...

We offer a survey of the matter-antimatter evolution within the primordial Universe. While the origin of the tiny matter-antimatter asymmetry has remained one of the big questions in modern cosmology, antimatter itself has played a large role for muc...

In high-energy collisions of small systems, by high-enough final-state multiplicities, a collective behaviour is present that is similar to the flow patterns observed in heavy-ion collisions. Recent studies connect this collectivity to semi-soft vacu...

Inspired by the well-known anomaly in the lifetime of the neutron, we investigated its consequences inside neutron stars. We first assessed the viability of the neutron decay hypothesis suggested by Fornal and Grinstein within neutron stars, in terms...

With the introduction of CFJ correction term, Chiral correction term, and aether-like correction term, based on Lorentz breaking, WKB approximate, and quantum tunneling radiation theory of black holes, the modified fermion dynamics equation is studie...

We investigated within the Darmois–Israel thin-shell formalism the match of neutral and asymptotically flat, slowly rotating spacetimes (up to second order in the rotation parameter) when their boundaries are dynamic. It has several important a...

The perspectives of detecting the general relativistic gravitomagnetic Lense–Thirring effect on the orbits of the Galilean moons of Jupiter induced by the angular momentum $\mathit{S}$ of the latter are preliminarily investigated. Numerical integrations o...

Recent work has shown that local supersymmetry on a spacetime boundary in $\mathcal{N}$-extended AdS supergravity in chiral variables implies coupling to a boundary $\mathrm{OSp}{\left(\mathcal{N}\right|2)}_{\mathbb{C}}$ super Chern–Simons theory. Consequently there has been a proposal to define and c...

The current standard cosmological model is constructed within the framework of general relativity with a cosmological constant $\Lambda$, which is often associated with dark energy, and phenomenologically explains the accelerated cosmic expansion. Und...

We conjecture that the Higgs potential can be significantly modified when it is in close proximity to the horizon of an astrophysical black hole, leading to the destabilization of the electroweak vacuum. In this situation, the black hole should be en...

Femtoscopy has the capacity to probe the space-time geometry of the particle-emitting source in heavy-ion collisions. In particular, femtoscopy of like-sign kaon pairs may shed light on the origin of non-Gaussianity of the spatial emission probabilit...

We discuss the problem of the quantization and dynamic evolution of a scalar free field in the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole. A unitary approach to the dynamics of the quantized field is proposed: a time-dependent Hamiltonian governing the H...

Measuring quantum-statistical, femtoscopic (including final state interactions) momentum correlations with final state interactions in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions reveal the space-time structure of the particle-emitting source created. In...