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Brain Sciences, Volume 8, Issue 9

September 2018 - 19 articles

Cover Story: Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been extended for use in the brainstem and spinal cord by adapting data acquisition and analysis methods to accommodate the specific challenges encountered in these regions. The cover image shows an example of functional MRI data acquired with a single-shot, fast, spin-echo imaging method, with BOLD contrast, in the brainstem and spinal cord. The related manuscript reviews the literature to date on spinal cord fMRI, spanning over 20 years of work, and identifies the top 10 challenges and the methods used to address them. View the paper here.
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Articles (19)

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
7,840 Views
11 Pages

31 August 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gait training with bilateral rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on lower extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients. Forty-four participants (<6 months after stroke) were randomly allocated...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,798 Views
11 Pages

31 August 2018

Previous research has delineated the networks of brain structures involved in the perception of emotional auditory stimuli. These include the amygdala, insula, and auditory cortices, as well as frontal-lobe, basal ganglia, and cerebellar structures i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,412 Views
21 Pages

31 August 2018

Several researchers have proposed a new application for human augmentation, which is to provide human supervision to autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems. In this paper, we introduce a framework to implement this proposal, which consists o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,217 Views
17 Pages

The Healing Effect of Human Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 Protein (MFG-E8) in A Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

  • Yoshiki Nakashima,
  • Chika Miyagi-Shiohira,
  • Hirofumi Noguchi and
  • Takeshi Omasa

31 August 2018

We searched for drugs that alleviate the reduction of dopaminergic neurons caused by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the substantia nigra of the rat brain. Human milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (MFG-E8) is similar to MFG-E8-S,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
109 Citations
14,073 Views
14 Pages

28 August 2018

Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that regulate reproductive function have multiple effects on the development, maintenance and function of the brain. Sex differences in cognitive functioning have been reported in both health...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,067 Views
11 Pages

Social Cognition and Oxytocin in Huntington’s Disease: New Insights

  • Elisa Unti,
  • Sonia Mazzucchi,
  • Daniela Frosini,
  • Cristina Pagni,
  • Gloria Tognoni,
  • Lionella Palego,
  • Laura Betti,
  • Fabiana Miraglia,
  • Gino Giannaccini and
  • Roberto Ceravolo

26 August 2018

This study is aimed at relating social cognition in Huntington’s Disease (HD) to plasma levels of the social hormone oxytocin (OT). Indeed, HD patients commonly display reduced social skills and OT is involved in bonding behavior and improved r...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,957 Views
23 Pages

26 August 2018

One of the most commonly known chronic neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), manifests the common type of dementia in 60–80% of cases. From a clinical standpoint, a patent cognitive decline and a severe change in personal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,968 Views
18 Pages

Visually Evoked Response Differences to Contrast and Motion in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

  • Lauren C. Shuffrey,
  • Lisa Levinson,
  • Alexis Becerra,
  • Grace Pak,
  • Dayna Moya Sepulveda,
  • Alicia K. Montgomery,
  • Heather L. Green and
  • Karen Froud

24 August 2018

High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was used to examine the utility of the P1 event-related potential (ERP) as a marker of visual motion sensitivity to luminance defined low-spatial frequency drifting gratings in 16 children with autism and 16...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,464 Views
7 Pages

Cervical Dystonia and Executive Function: A Pilot Magnetoencephalography Study

  • Abhimanyu Mahajan,
  • Andrew Zillgitt,
  • Abdullah Alshammaa,
  • Neepa Patel,
  • Christos Sidiropoulos,
  • Peter A. LeWitt and
  • Susan Bowyer

22 August 2018

Background: Cervical dystonia (CD) patients have impaired working memory, processing speed and visual-motor integration ability. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate changes in cerebral oscillations in CD patients during an executive f...

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Brain Sci. - ISSN 2076-3425