Brain Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 7

Understanding and studying the mental health of people with ASD across the spectrum, from childhood to adulthood, is undoubtedly a pressing need and a challenge [...]

Background: While carotid pathologies are well-established risk factors for stroke, their specific effects on outcomes following stroke that cannot be classified as atherosclerotic remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether carotid...

Background: The brain is never truly at rest. Even in the absence of external tasks, it remains active, continuously organizing itself into large-scale resting-state networks involved in shaping our internal thoughts and experiences. Understanding th...

Introduction: The important factor in applying substances for inner ear therapy is the atraumatic execution, as well as effective concentration uniformly distributed in all regions of the cochlea within a reasonable time frame. This study investigate...

Background/Objectives: The prognostic uncertainty of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) imposes comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations beyond mere memory assessment. However, previous investigations into other cognitive domains, such as attention,...

Background/Objectives: Successful discourse relies not only on linguistic but also on prosodic information. Difficulty recognizing emotion conveyed through prosody (receptive affective aprosodia) following right hemisphere stroke (RHS) significantly...

Background: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is increasingly used during spinal surgery to reduce the risk of neurological complications. This systematic review evaluates both the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of IONM in...

Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of dystonia. The number of identified genes has surged—exceeding 400 by 2024—with approximately 76.6% linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. De...

Epidemiological studies identified insufficient and poor-quality sleep as independent risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). The glymphatic system, active during slow-wave sleep, clears brain waste through perivascular astrocytic aquaporin-4 (AQP4...

Objectives: To investigate whether a Multimodal Rehabilitation Program (MRP) affects the change in visual–spatial abilities, especially attention, information-processing speed, visual–spatial learning, the severity of depression, and stra...

Background: Biomechanical and neuromuscular differences between falls and recoveries have been well-studied; however, the cortical correlations remain unclear. Using mobile brain imaging via electroencephalography (EEG), we examined differences in se...

Introduction: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) can induce psychological stress, leading to anxiety, depression, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Most studies on this topic are limited by small sample sizes, cross-sectional designs, and a f...

Background: More than merely determining our sleep pattern, our body’s internal clock also improves the quality of our sleep, alleviates the symptoms of depression, and maintains the balance of our gut flora. Methods: We carried out a 12-week r...

The human voice is an invaluable tool for communication, carrying information about a speaker’s emotional state and cognitive health. Recent research highlights the potential of acoustic biomarkers to detect early signs of mental health and neu...

This article aims to offer a broad perspective on the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques in the context of chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) conditions. While NIBS has demonstrated promising efficacy in certain chronic pain popu...

Ischemic stroke ranks among the top global causes of disability and mortality, with a highly dynamic pathological process. Post-stroke neuroinflammation, mediated by microglia, demonstrates a dual role in both injury and repair. The CX3CR1/CX3CL1 sig...

Background: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a common clinical challenge that may lead to significant complications if not properly managed. Symptom-triggered therapy (STT) represents a promising alternative to fixed-dose regimens (FDRs) providing benz...

Background and objectives: Duloxetine is widely used for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and various types of neuropathic pain. While its efficacy is well documented in clinical trials, less is kn...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by dopaminergic neuronal loss, α-synuclein aggregation, and chronic neuroinflammation. Recent evidence suggests that exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)—small, non-...

Background: Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) and Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), including Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD), are two frequently encountered but diagnostically complex conditions. While PCS is conceptualized as a sequela of mi...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive and language impairments that significantly impact communication and quality of life. Neuromodulation techniques, including repetitive transcranial...

Background/Objectives: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that affects movement and communication skills primarily in females. This study aimed to synthesize the research from the last two decades regarding the verbal and nonve...

Background: The ability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to analyse brain structural patterns in various kinds of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), has drawn a lot of interest recently. One emerging technique in thi...

Background: Cognitive heterogeneity in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a diagnostic and prognostic challenge, particularly in early stages. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to identify clinically relevant cognitive subtypes in early PD...

Background/Objectives: Accurately predicting the arrival position of a moving target is essential in sports and daily life. While predictive saccades are known to enhance performance, the neural mechanisms underlying the timing of these strategies re...

Background/Objectives: Epilepsy and sleep disturbances frequently co-occur, yet the causal nature of this relationship remains uncertain, particularly in relation to epilepsy subtypes and status epilepticus. We investigated potential bidirectional ca...

In the original publication [...]

The article “Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Clinical Perspective”, published in Brain Sciences, suggests that multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is primarily a psychogenic disorder, rooted in unresolved emotional trauma and stress resp...

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and typically arises in the cerebellum, likely due to disruptions in neuronal precursor development. The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)...

Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disease that is associated with a broad spectrum of physical and psychological symptoms. Psychosocial adjustment (PSA) refers to the ability to cope with these challenges, which...

Background: The coexistence of extracranial arterial stenoses and intracranial aneurysms presents a unique clinical dilemma. While staged interventions are traditionally preferred to reduce procedural risks, recent advances have enabled single-stage...

Glial cells, once considered mere support for neurons, have emerged as key players in brain function across vertebrates. The historical study of glia dates to the 19th century with the identification of ependymal cells and astrocytes, followed by the...

Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive impairment of speech and language abilities. Intensive speech and language teletherapy combined with remotely supervised, self-administered tran...

Introduction: Chronic alcohol use is a complex condition influenced by psychological, behavioral, and socio-demographic factors. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive psychosocial profile of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) by examin...

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with social-communication challenges that can hinder timely diagnosis and treatment during acute medical events (AMEs). The purpose of this report is to review the literature on medical comorbi...

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting countless individuals worldwide. PD is characterized by the onset of a marked motor symptomatology in associati...

Vagal nerve stimulators (VNSs) improve seizure control in up to half of the patients who have them implanted. In non-responding patients, VNS removal may be necessary. Removal is traditionally accomplished through two incisions. We present our experi...

Background/Objectives: Neuropsychological assessment tools adapted for digital formats are crucial to expanding access and improving cognitive evaluation in post-stroke patients. This study aimed to examine the reliability, convergent validity, and c...

Background: Art therapy was recently administered to stroke patients using immersive virtual reality technology, chosen to provide the illusion of being able to replicate an artistic masterpiece. This approach was effective in improving rehabilitativ...

Background/Objectives: Early and accurate prediction of stroke severity is crucial for optimizing guided therapeutic decisions and improving outcomes. This study investigates the predictive value of lesion size and functional connectivity for neurolo...

Consciousness remains one of the most critical yet least understood functions of the brain, not only in humans but also in certain highly organized animal species. In this review, we propose treating consciousness as an emergent, goal-directed inform...

Background: The widespread use of smartphones and the internet has transformed communication, but excessive use has raised concerns about smartphone and internet addiction, which can lead to psychological, physical, and social issues. The objective o...

Background/Objectives: Deficits in emotion recognition abilities have been described as risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. However, much of this research is based on self-reports or instruments that present limited psychom...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) has emerged as a transformative tool for probing cortical dynamics with millisecond precision. This review examines the state-dependent nature of TMS-EEG, a critical yet...

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors in adults. Their heterogeneity, potential multifocality, and complex biomolecular behavior pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the pot...

Introduction: There are no validated clinical diagnostic criteria for chronic traumatic encephalopathy or traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). To understand the historical clinical condition, its applicability to modern day athletes, and the path...

The vertebrate retina is a complex neural tissue composed of a repeating array of distinct cell types that communicate through specialized synaptic connections. The neurochemistry underlying these connections reveals the synaptic chemistry, including...

Background/Objectives: For those with comorbid mild traumatic brain injury/post-traumatic stress disorder (mTBI/PTSD), deficits are common with regard to recognition of emotion expression in others. These deficits can cause isolation and suicidal ide...

Trauma exposure has severe consequences for the exposed individuals as well as their children. The current paper is a conceptual narrative review that uses the intergenerational transmission of trauma (ITT) framework to synthesize the literature on t...

Acute vertigo or dizziness that is accompanied by a sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) often poses a diagnostic challenge. While a combined audiovestibular deficit makes an inner ear pathology most likely, this does not necessarily exclude a v...