Brain Sciences, Volume 13, Issue 7

The role of the endoscopic transplanum–transtuberculum approach (ETTA) in the treatment of pituitary adenomas/PitNETs (PAs) is sparsely analyzed in the literature, and its use is still debated in the current practice. The aim of this study was...

Previous studies set out profound cognitive impairments in subjects with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, little is known about the course of such alterations depending on levels of improvement in those patients followed longitudinally....

Background and Objective: Dietary constituents may affect the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of dietary intake of vitamins and minerals to the severity, motor and non-motor symptoms, and ris...

(1) Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive and destructive phenomenon. There is a need for an integrated and comprehensive approach to IPV in order to align prevention, support and treatment. Still little is known about the cognit...

Headaches are common after ischemic stroke (IS). Unlike primary headaches, headaches attributed to IS have specific clinical features. This review describes the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and influence of IS headaches. Prev...

The aim of this study is to review the available literature investigating the relationship between hikikomori, a pathological condition characterized by severe social withdrawal or isolation, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Internet gaming disorde...

Brain aging has been correlated with high metallothionein I-II (MT-I/II) expression, iron and zinc dyshomeostasis, and Aβ deposition in humans and experimental animals. In the present study, iron and zinc accumulation, the expression of MT-I/II...

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented challenges in managing patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) due to disruptions in healthcare services and the need for social distancing. Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on PD symptoms is c...

Previous studies suggest that producing and comprehending semantically related words relies on inhibitory control over competitive lexical selection which results in the recruitment of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Few studies, however, have...

This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of therapeutic exercise on cognitive function and daily activities in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A total of 171 patients with mild AD from the Amarous...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia, and a significant number of individuals with MCI progress to develop dementia. Depression is prevalent in MCI patients and has been found to influence the dis...

Habituation, the simplest form of learning preserved across species and evolution, is characterized by a response decrease as a stimulus is repeated. This adaptive function has been shown to be altered in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disor...

A brain computer interface (BCI) system helps people with motor dysfunction interact with the external environment. With the advancement of technology, BCI systems have been applied in practice, but their practicability and usability are still greatl...

Aspirin has been reported to prevent memory decline in the elderly population. Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been recognized as an underlying basis of learning and memory. This study investigated the effect of aspirin on spatial memory in...

Several studies have shown the positive effect of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on balance in patients and older adults. However, in healthy volunteers, the results are conflicting. We aimed to investigate the immediate e...

Sensorimotor control can be impaired by slacked muscle spindles. This was shown for reflex responses and, recently, also for muscular stability in the sense of Adaptive Force (AF). The slack in muscle spindles was generated by contracting the lengthe...

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a sleep-related behavior characterized as rhythmic (phasic) or non-rhythmic (tonic) masticatory muscle activity. SB is a common sleep behavior with a predominantly central origin. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluat...

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumor in children, with the majority being glial in origin. These tumors are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as either being low grade (WHO grade 1 and 2) or hi...

This quasi-experimental, nonrandomized intervention study reports the effect of person-centred, culturally appropriate music on psychological wellbeing of residents with advanced dementia in five rural residential aged care homes in Australia. Sevent...

Unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) is caused by damage to the developing brain and affects motor function, mainly lateralized to one side of the body. Children with USCP have difficulties grasping objects, which can affect their ability to perf...

Background: Histamine is a widely distributed biogenic amine with multiple biological functions mediated by specific receptors that determine the local effects of histamine. This review aims to summarize the published findings on the expression and f...

Uni-hemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (UHCDS a-tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M₁) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may enhance the efficacy of a-tDCS after stroke. However, the cellular...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in structure and function of the brain. However, how ASD affects the relationship between fiber-bundle microstructures and functional connectivit...

Background and Purpose: Little is known about the effect of soluble adhesion molecules on malignant brain edema (MBE) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). This study aimed to explore the association between serum concentrations of E-selectin and th...

The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose leve...

Recent studies have shown that neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of suicide. However, the current research on this aspect is still insufficient. Our study aimed to explore the biological patte...

Introduction: Post-Coronavirus disease 2019 (Post-COVID-19) syndrome has neurological symptoms related to the dysfunction of the autonomous nerve system. However, a pathogenic relationship between post-COVID-19 syndrome and dysautonomia still remains...

Vascular cognitive impairment encompasses several types of deficits, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Cognitive reserve refers to the brain’s ability to balance damage and improve performance through certain types of brain ne...

One of the components of a dementia diagnosis is the assessment of functional abilities. These abilities are measured via screeners, such as the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale. The IADL scale is a valid tool that has been adapte...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent inflammatory disease in which the immune system plays an essential role in the damage, inflammation, and demyelination of central nervous system neurons (CNS). The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB₂) agonists poss...

Functional activation leads to an increase in local brain temperature via an increase in local perfusion. In the intraoperative setting, these cortical surface temperature fluctuations may be imaged using infrared thermography such that the activated...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and its severe subtype, major dysmood disorder (MDMD), are distinguished by activation of inflammatory and growth factor subnetworks, which are associated with recurrence of illness (ROI) and adverse childhood experien...

Determining the walking ability of post-stroke patients is crucial for the design of rehabilitation programs and the correct functional information to give to patients and their caregivers at their return home after a neurorehabilitation program. We...

Recent data suggest that defects in purinergic signalling are a common denominator of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), though nothing is known about whether the disorder-related imbalance occurs at the receptor level. In this study, we investigated...

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) frequently affects the elderly, with inflammation playing a crucial role in related health complications, including dementia, stroke, and SVD. Studies, including animal experiments, indicate a strong link between...

Depression, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity are comorbid, and prevention and treatment of all three diseases are needed. We hypothesized an inverse relationship between the connectivity of the cingulo-opercular task control network with the somato...

Middle-third falcine meningiomas (FMs) are usually hidden deep under the eloquent cortex and abundant bridging veins, which represent the main hindrances to surgical access. The endoscopic approach has the advantages of wide visualization and free vi...

Background noise elicits listening effort. What else is tinnitus if not an endogenous background noise? From such reasoning, we hypothesized the occurrence of increased listening effort in tinnitus patients during listening tasks. Such a hypothesis w...

Early brain injury (EBI) subsequent to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is strongly associated with delayed cerebral ischemia and poor patient prognosis. Based on investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying EBI, neurovascular dysfunction res...

Cognitive decline (CD) is devastating with a high incidence in patients after stroke. Although some studies have explored underlying associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and cognitive decline after stroke, consistent results have not...

In the original publication [...]

(1) Introduction: Symptom spectrum can be of great diversity and heterogeneity in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) patients in clinical practice. Here, we report a case of MELAS presenting asymptomati...

During the final proofreading step of this paper [...]

The authors of the present literature piece were invited to participate in the present Special Issue at the beginning of 2022, and we were all very enthusiastic at the prospect of assembling a series of articles on new molecular targets and anti-canc...

The Terror Management Theory (TMT) offered a great deal of generative hypotheses that have been tested in a plethora of studies. However, there is a still substantive lack of clarity about the interpretation of TMT-driven effects and their underlying...

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been implicated as a key player in two critical factors of Parkinson’s disease (PD): mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. However, the specific role of HMGB1 in PD remains elusive. We investigat...

Patients with schizophrenia are afflicted by severe clinical symptoms and serious cognitive dysfunction. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential relationships between clinical symptoms and empathy and their variations between overweight...

This systematic review examines the potential of digital language learning in contributing to students’ cognitive gains. The study reviews existing research on the relationship between digital language learning and cognitive benefits, with a fo...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by peripheral activation of immune-inflammatory pathways which culminate in neurotoxicity causing demyelination of c...

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive, drug-free, neural-circuit-based therapeutic tool that was recently cleared by the United States Food and Drug Associate for the treatment of smoking cessation. TMS has been investi...