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Pathogens, Volume 15, Issue 4

2026 April - 3 articles

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Articles (3)

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Article

28 Pages

Phylogenetic Lineages of PRRSV-2 from Canada Reveal Patterns of Transboundary Spread and Two Novel Sub-Lineages in North America

João P. Herrera da Silva,
Igor A. D. Paploski,
Robert Charette,
Luc Dufresne,
Sylvain Messier,
Julie Bolduc,
Mariana Kikuti,
Nakarin Pamornchainavakul,
Cesar A. Corzo and
Kimberly VanderWaal

Pathogens2026, 15(4), 346;https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15040346
(registering DOI)

24 March 2026

PRRSV-2 represents a major threat to the swine industry. Canada is one of the world’s leading pork producers and a major trading partner of live pigs with the United States, yet PRRSV-2 evolutionary dynamics in these two countries are often stu...

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Review

23 Pages

Cross-Protection in PRRSV: Mechanisms, Limitations, and Implications for Vaccine Design

Sergei A. Raev,
Limeng Cai,
Nina Muro,
Rachel Madera,
Lihua Wang and
Jishu Shi

Pathogens2026, 15(4), 345;https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15040345

24 March 2026

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains one of the most economically devastating diseases in global swine production. The causative agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV), comprises two genetically distinct species—PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2&m...

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Article

9 Pages

Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterization of Onchocerca flexuosa in Red Deer from South-Eastern Europe

Ervin Martinuš,
Ema Gagović,
Adnan Hodžić,
Daria Jurković Žilić and
Relja Beck

Pathogens2026, 15(4), 344;https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15040344

24 March 2026

Onchocerca flexuosa is a vector-borne filarial nematode infecting red deer (Cervus elaphus) throughout Europe. Despite numerous reports from Central, Northern, and Southern Europe, its occurrence in South-Eastern Europe has remained largely undocumen...

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Pathogens - ISSN 2076-0817

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