Toxins, Volume 17, Issue 4

Background: Chronic migraine (CM) is a debilitating neurological disorder that imposes substantial burdens on individuals and society, including diminished quality of life and increased healthcare utilization. While the efficacy of botulinum neurotox...

OnabotulinumtoxinA is an FDA-approved treatment for adults with overactive bladder (OAB) who have an inadequate response to, or are intolerant of, oral pharmacotherapies including anticholinergics or beta-3 agonists. However, procedural practices of...

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is widely present in raw materials for food and feedstock, posing a significant threat to the health of humans and animals. This study explored the toxicokinetics of a single oral administration of AFB1 at a dose of 100 µg&m...

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) intoxication is a rare but severe condition that is characterized by autonomic and neuromuscular dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate autonomic impairment and blood pressure variability in patients with botulinum into...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, affecting over 8.5 million people as of 2019. While standard pharmacological treatments help alleviate symptoms, their long-term use can lead to side effec...

Trichothecene type A mycotoxins, such as T-2, HT-2, and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), are known to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in different cell types. As all three Fusarium toxins may occur concomitantly in a given food or feed commodity, there is...

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a complex condition associated with detrusor overactivity, reduced bladder compliance, and high intravesical pressures, potentially leading to urinary tract infections (UTIs) and renal impairment. This retros...

Mycotoxins are common natural contaminants of crops and fruits, associated with negative effects on human and animal health. Currently, more than 300 mycotoxins have been identified, but data on their effects and their limits in feed and food are sti...

Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the detrusor vesicae is an established therapy for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction as well as idiopathic overactive bladder. Pelvic radiotherapy causes comparable lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)...

Background: Patients with chronic migraine (CM) associated with medication overuse headache (MOH) often exhibit concomitant psychiatric traits including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Limited data exist on the impact of migraine therapies on th...