2025 December - 42 articles
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) is produced by Staphylococcus aureus strains encoded by the tst gene. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe disease caused by TSST-1 toxin and associated with staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP). The aim of the...
We present the case of a Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Vaa, nose-horned viper)-bitten patient with recurrent thrombocytopenia. A 53-year-old patient envenomated by Vaa experienced three episodes of venom-dependent thrombocytopenia (4, 57 and 11 ×...
Cyanobacterial blooms, which are increasingly exacerbated by eutrophication and climate change, pose threats to ecosystems and public health. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in microbial intervention strategies for controlling cyano...
Recent advances in the understanding of facial anatomy have contributed significantly to the refinement of injection techniques for the treatment of dynamic forehead lines. A comprehensive assessment of eyebrow shape, position, and the aging process...
Bacteria encode a broad range of survival and defence systems, including CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas systems, restriction-modification systems, and toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems, which are involved in b...
The preparation of an antibody to treat snake envenomation requires a large amount of snake venom. In China, only four types of anti-snake venom sera are clinically available, and the production and immunization strategies for clinically approved ant...
Parasitoid wasp venoms represent highly specialized biochemical arsenals that evolved to manipulate host physiology and ensure successful development of the parasitoid offspring. However, the molecular targets and mechanisms underlying this complex h...
The interaction between gut microbiota dysbiosis and CKD progression via the “gut–kidney axis” is increasingly recognized. Gut-derived uremic toxins (e.g., indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate) accumulate systemically, while benefic...
Recent botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) formulations have shifted towards the use of polysorbate 20 (PS20) and polysorbate 80 (PS80) as a non-human-derived excipient to enhance product stability. Polysorbates are a distinct class of synthetic non...
Facial palsy affects millions worldwide. Botulinum toxin Type A (BoNT-A) is an established treatment for non-flaccid facial palsy, yet objective evidence remains limited. This study evaluates the effects of BoNT-A using AI-based tools and patient-rep...
The year 2025 marks two significant milestones for aflatoxin research: 65 years since aflatoxin was first identified in 1960, and 50 years of focused research on preharvest aflatoxin contamination since it was first recognized in 1975. Studies in the...
Background: Botulinum toxin injection is one of the most common esthetic procedures, yet complications may occur due to anatomical variability or suboptimal injection technique. This study aimed to evaluate the upper facial muscles using ultrasound,...
Signs of aging in the upper face arise from multimodal changes in facial anatomy, contributing to concerns such as eyebrow ptosis and forehead lines. While neurotoxin injections are widely used to address these lines, the anatomical variability of th...
Platelet concentrates (PCs) are used to treat patients with platelet deficiencies. PCs are stored at 20–24 °C under agitation for up to 7 days to maintain platelet functionality, but these conditions are amenable for proliferation of contam...
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived dietary metabolite, is linked to progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Megalin, a renal proximal tubule receptor crucial for albumin reabsorption, also plays a role in CKD. However, the r...
Wheat is a major staple crop in Xinjiang, China; however, comprehensive data on Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in wheat from this region remain limited. Despite recent observations of Fusarium head blight (FHB), few studies have characterized the m...
In the current research, we optimized a simultaneous method for quantifying deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivative forms, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), and nivalenol (NIV),...
In recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of seafood such as shellfish and crustaceans due to their pleasant taste and nutritional value. Fish are also a crucial part of a healthy, balanced diet. However, the consumption of these...
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, severely contaminates grains and feed, posing a continuous threat to human and livestock health. In this study, the DON-degrading enzyme (DDE) gene from Devosia sp. JA3 was heterologousl...
(1) Background: Humans and animals are exposed daily to numerous food-associated noxious molecules, including fungal toxins or mycotoxins. Effects of mycotoxins on the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are well characterized. However, their impact o...
While tropical regions have traditionally been the focus of studies on natural bioactive products, works published within the last decade demonstrate that cyanobacteria from the Baltic Sea also possess significant biotechnological and pharmaceutical...
Polygalae Radix, a traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia and memory disorders, is highly susceptible to fungal contamination and mycotoxin production (especially by Aspergillus flavus) during storage, compromising its safety and efficacy. Therefo...
Scorpion venom toxins are important peptides being studied for their clinical significance. These peptides act by binding to ion channels in the membrane of nerve cells, causing the symptoms associated with scorpion stings (scorpionism). They princip...
Snake venoms are rich sources of bioactive molecules that modulate hemostasis and, among these, anticoagulant snake venom phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) are found in a range of snake venoms. Crotoxin (CTX), from the Crotalus durissus rattlesnake, is a het...
In the original publication [...]
Animal venoms are valuable resources for drug discovery. They offer a wide variety of bioactive molecules with significant biotechnological potential. Venom composition shows extensive diversity not only between and within species, but also across th...
The increasing occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater ecosystems poses important risks to aquatic organisms and human health due to the production of bioactive secondary metabolites such as cyanopeptides. While analytical methods f...
Toxins as channel probes, small guanidinium alkaloids, such as tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin, canonical pore occlusion in voltage-gated Na+ channels. Cystine-rich peptides from spiders, scorpions, cone snails, and sea anemones, which act as pore blocker...
Nephrotoxin-mediated kidney injury is an important clinical problem, as it can lead to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Both entities are associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalisation, healthcare utilisation, and car...
Although ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination has been previously reported in Lebanon, this study is the first worldwide to assess its potential impact on renal health among adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. In this cross-sectional study, the aim was to e...
Amanita exitialis is a lethal mushroom species found in southern China. Its amatoxins can cause acute liver injury with a high case-fatality rate. However, reports combining toxin detection in clinical specimens with autopsy pathology remain limited....
Mirabilis antiviral protein (MAP) is the type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), which consists of an RNA N-glycosylase domain with no carbohydrate-binding domain. Unlike many RIPs, such as ricin or trichosanthin, which inactivate eukaryotic ribo...
Climate change has contributed to increased mycotoxin contamination in food systems, posing a growing threat to human health, including reproductive health. Our study aimed to investigate how mycotoxins entering the follicular fluid affect oxidative...
This study aimed to explore the potential role of artificial intelligence in optimizing botulinum toxin type A treatment for spasticity and to evaluate its alignment with expert clinical decisions. A comparative analysis was conducted using thirty hy...
The plant-based protein industry has explored new material sources, such as agro-industrial by-products and extraction techniques based on chemical properties assisted by ultrasound, high pressure and other tools to improve the yield and functionalit...
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease, responsible for approximately 140,000 deaths globally each year. Vipers and elapid snakes represent the most significant snake families in medical contexts, exhibiting a variety of venom component...
Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam., commonly known as fly agaric, remains an uncommon yet clinically important cause of acute mushroom intoxication. Although typically associated with mild to moderate neuropsychiatric disturbances, the mushroom’s toxic...
(1) Background: Post-stroke spasticity limits motor recovery and independence. Combining botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) injection with intensive, task-specific robot-assisted therapy (RAT) might enhance neuroplasticity and functional gains, but its...
This study examined the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure and graded dietary selenium (Se) supplementation on fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stress markers in the liver of broiler chickens. OTA is known to generate oxidative stress, p...
Experimental animal models of orofacial pain have been instrumental in elucidating biological pathways underlying the antinociceptive effect of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A). Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how BoNT/A...
Feed contaminated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can negatively impact livestock health and performance. Bacteria capable of degrading DON present a method of mitigating its harmful effects. This study aimed to identify microbial consortia f...
Fumonisins are mycotoxins commonly found on corn and other grains, and have been linked to several health concerns. The aim of this study is to estimate the exposure of the Hungarian population to fumonisins from regular food consumption. Fumonisin B...
