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Energies, Volume 11, Issue 11

2018 November - 377 articles

Cover Story: Papaya seed oil is used as feedstock to produce biodiesel, and we investigate its suitability as an alternative fuel source in this article. Furthermore, we seek to determine the fuel properties of papaya seed oil and its various blends with diesel. Finally, we evaluate and discuss the interactive relationships between several operating parameters (biodiesel blends, load, and speed) and engine performances (brake power, torque, brake-specific fuel consumption, and brake thermal efficiency). View this paper.
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Articles (377)

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,155 Views
10 Pages

Effect of Saturation on Field Oriented Control of the New Designed Reluctance Synchronous Motor

  • Pavol Rafajdus,
  • Valeria Hrabovcova,
  • Pavel Lehocky,
  • Pavol Makys and
  • Filip Holub

21 November 2018

In this paper the effect of saturation on torque production of a reluctance synchronous motor (RSM), which was originally built as an induction motor (IM), is investigated. The rotor was replaced with new one, designed as synchronous reluctance cagel...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,759 Views
2 Pages

Data Science and Big Data in Energy Forecasting

  • Francisco Martínez-Álvarez,
  • Alicia Troncoso and
  • José C. Riquelme

21 November 2018

This editorial summarizes the performance of the special issue entitled Data Science and Big Data in Energy Forecasting, which was published at MDPI’s Energies journal. The special issue took place in 2017 and accepted a total of 13 papers from...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
7,330 Views
23 Pages

An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Gasification of Miscanthus Briquettes in a Double-Stage Downdraft Gasifier: Syngas, Tar, and Biochar Characterization

  • Tejasvi Sharma,
  • Diego M. Yepes Maya,
  • Francisco Regis M. Nascimento,
  • Yunye Shi,
  • Albert Ratner,
  • Electo E. Silva Lora,
  • Lourival Jorge Mendes Neto,
  • Jose Carlos Escobar Palacios and
  • Rubenildo Vieira Andrade

21 November 2018

The goal of this work is to understand the gasification process for Miscanthus briquettes in a double-stage downdraft gasifier, and the impact of different Equivalence Ratios (ER) on syngas, biochar, and tar characteristics. The optimal ER was found...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
6,249 Views
15 Pages

21 November 2018

Hydrochar is a very interesting product from agricultural and food production residues. Unfortunately, severe conditions for complete conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is necessary, especially compared to the conversion of sugar compounds. The go...

  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
5,884 Views
20 Pages

21 November 2018

A more accurate hourly prediction of day-ahead wind power can effectively reduce the uncertainty of wind power integration and improve the competitiveness of wind power in power auction markets. However, due to the inherent stochastic and intermitten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,227 Views
17 Pages

Laboratory and Numerical Investigation on Strength Performance of Inclined Pillars

  • Kashi Vishwanath Jessu,
  • Anthony J. S. Spearing and
  • Mostafa Sharifzadeh

21 November 2018

Pillars play a critical role in an underground mine, as an inadequate pillar design could lead to pillar failure, which may result in catastrophic damage, while an over-designed pillar would lead to ore loss, causing economic loss. Pillar design is d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,892 Views
12 Pages

Magnetization-Dependent Core-Loss Model in a Three-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generator

  • Saleh H. Al-Senaidi,
  • Abdulrahman I. Alolah and
  • Majeed A. Alkanhal

21 November 2018

Steady-state, transient, as well as dynamic analyses of self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) are generally well-documented. However, in most of the documented studies, core losses have been neglected or inaccurately modeled. This paper is concer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,672 Views
24 Pages

21 November 2018

A two-step structural optimization method was proposed to select the transition section of a composite bucket foundation (CBF). In the first step, based on the variable density method, a solid isotropic microstructures with penalization (SIMP) interp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,400 Views
9 Pages

Novel Design for Thermal Management of PV Cells in Harsh Environmental Conditions

  • Nasser Ahmad,
  • Amith Khandakar,
  • Amir El-Tayeb,
  • Kamel Benhmed,
  • Atif Iqbal and
  • Farid Touati

21 November 2018

The abundance of solar energy is a blessing in the Arabian Peninsula, where more than 2000 kWh/m2 density has been recorded annually. This has resulted in sincere consideration of PV harvesting in the energy matrix and smart grid. However, artefacts...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,643 Views
17 Pages

Participation as a Key Aspect for Establishing Wastewater as a Source of Renewable Energy

  • Florian Kretschmer,
  • Georg Neugebauer,
  • Gernot Stoeglehner and
  • Thomas Ertl

21 November 2018

Climate change is one of the great challenges of our times. In the search for renewable energy sources, wastewater has received increasing attention in recent years. This is due to the fact that it can serve as a source of electricity and heat supply...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
8,125 Views
20 Pages

Waste to Carbon: Densification of Torrefied Refuse-Derived Fuel

  • Andrzej Białowiec,
  • Monika Micuda and
  • Jacek A. Koziel

21 November 2018

In this work, for the first time, the feasibility of obtaining carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF) pelletization from municipal solid waste (MSW) was shown. Production of CRDF by torrefaction of MSW could be the future of recycling technology. The...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,464 Views
22 Pages

Model Reduction of DFIG Wind Turbine System Based on Inner Coupling Analysis

  • Pingping Han,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Yan Zhang and
  • Zihao Lin

21 November 2018

The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine system, which is composed of the wind turbine, generator, rotor-side converter, grid-side converter, and so on, is a typical multi-time scale system. The dynamic processes at different time scale...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,775 Views
21 Pages

21 November 2018

A numerical study of ferromagnetic-fluid flow and heat transfer in a square porous cavity under the effect of a magnetic field is presented. The water-magnetic particle suspension is treated as a miscible mixture and, thus, the magnetization, density...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,490 Views
15 Pages

21 November 2018

The effective operation of machinery in agricultural processes is crucial in terms of energy efficiency, economic consequences, and environmental footprint. The agricultural sector provides many opportunities to bring biomass to the market. An intere...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,087 Views
14 Pages

21 November 2018

Due to the complicated circuit topology and high switching frequency, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) can stand up to the challenges for the hardware in the loop (HIL) real-time simulation of power electronics converters. The Associated Discret...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,183 Views
18 Pages

Online Evaluation Method for Low Frequency Oscillation Stability in a Power System Based on Improved XGboost

  • Wenping Hu,
  • Jifeng Liang,
  • Yitao Jin,
  • Fuzhang Wu,
  • Xiaowei Wang and
  • Ersong Chen

21 November 2018

Low frequency oscillation in an interconnected power system is becoming an increasingly serious problem. It is of great practical significance to make online evaluation of actual power grid’s stability. To evaluate the stability of the power sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,621 Views
13 Pages

Study on the Energy Saving Potential for Semi-Transparent PV Window in Southwest China

  • Hao Tian,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Lingzhi Xie,
  • Yupeng Wu,
  • Yanyi Sun,
  • Mo Chen,
  • Wei Wang and
  • Xinwen Wu

21 November 2018

To study Semi-Transparent photovoltaic (STPV) windows, experiments were conducted to test the energy potential of STPV window installed in buildings. Two identical rooms were built up as experimental units; one was fitted with amorphous silicon (a-si...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,032 Views
16 Pages

20 November 2018

A micro hydropower plant of the run-of-river type is considered to be the most cost-effective investment in developing counties. This paper presents a novel methodology to improve flow estimation, without using the flow direction curve (FDC) method,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,921 Views
17 Pages

20 November 2018

Dent is a common form of defect on oil and gas pipeline. Some dents will undergo elastic or plastic recovery due to changes in internal pressure, also known as springback. To analyze the springback law of an API X60 pipeline with a dent defect, the s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,747 Views
21 Pages

20 November 2018

Ridesharing is becoming popular in many cities in China where transportation alternatives are easily accessible. Individuals typically access services by smartphone app developed by ridesharing company to join a trip offered by other private vehicle&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,141 Views
27 Pages

Torque Ripple Reduction for Switched Reluctance Motor with Optimized PWM Control Strategy

  • Hui Cai,
  • Hui Wang,
  • Mengqiu Li,
  • Shiqi Shen,
  • Yaojing Feng and
  • Jian Zheng

20 November 2018

The high current ripple and torque ripple are the main drawbacks of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) since the nonlinearity and double saliency, which limits its applications. In order to eliminate the current variation and torque ripple, an optim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,918 Views
21 Pages

Multi-Objective Supervisory Control for DC/DC Converters in Advanced Aeronautic Applications

  • Alberto Cavallo,
  • Giacomo Canciello,
  • Beniamino Guida,
  • Ponggorn Kulsangcharoen,
  • Seang Shen Yeoh,
  • Mohamed Rashed and
  • Serhiy Bozhko

20 November 2018

In this paper, an intelligent control strategy for DC/DC converters is proposed. The converter connects two DC busses, a high-voltage and a low-voltage bus. The control scheme is composed by a two-layer architecture, a low-level control based on the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
7,163 Views
21 Pages

20 November 2018

Renewable energy technologies (RETs) are crucial for solving the world’s energy dilemma. However, the diffusion rate of RETs is still dissatisfactory. One critical reason is that conventional energy technologies (CETs) are dominating energy markets....

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,865 Views
15 Pages

20 November 2018

Energy and life cycle cost analysis were employed to identify the most-cost effective ground envelope design for a greenhouse that employs supplemental lighting located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (45.4° N). The envelope design alternatives that w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
8,513 Views
15 Pages

Cogging Torque Reduction Based on a New Pre-Slot Technique for a Small Wind Generator

  • Miguel García-Gracia,
  • Ángel Jiménez Romero,
  • Jorge Herrero Ciudad and
  • Susana Martín Arroyo

20 November 2018

Cogging torque is a pulsating, parasitic, and undesired torque ripple intrinsic of the design of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), which should be minimized due to its adverse effects: vibration and noise. In addition, as aerodynamic p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,982 Views
24 Pages

20 November 2018

This study designs an active equilibrium control strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) for series battery packs. To shorten equalisation time and reduce unnecessary energy consumption, bidirectional active equalisation is modelled and anal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,540 Views
19 Pages

20 November 2018

The interaction between the gird and wind farms has significant impact on the power grid, therefore prediction of the interaction between gird and wind farms is of great significance. In this paper, a wind turbine-gird interaction prediction model ba...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
6,621 Views
19 Pages

20 November 2018

This article analyses the influence of supporting scheme variants on the profitability of a projected investment of residential photovoltaic systems. The focus of the paper lies in evaluating the feasibility for the power system of solar power genera...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,633 Views
16 Pages

19 November 2018

This paper is devoted to modelling of temperature distribution and its time evolution in rooms with specific thermal insulation and heat transfer for different external conditions. The simulation results should help to design the room architecture an...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
8,033 Views
14 Pages

19 November 2018

Due to their high efficiency and low cost of maintenance, brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) with trapezoidal electromotive forces (back-EMFs), have become widely used in various applications such as aerospace, electric vehicles, industrial uses, and robot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
112 Citations
7,968 Views
16 Pages

The Application of Improved Random Forest Algorithm on the Prediction of Electric Vehicle Charging Load

  • Yiqi Lu,
  • Yongpan Li,
  • Da Xie,
  • Enwei Wei,
  • Xianlu Bao,
  • Huafeng Chen and
  • Xiancheng Zhong

19 November 2018

To cope with the increasing charging demand of electric vehicle (EV), this paper presents a forecasting method of EV charging load based on random forest algorithm (RF) and the load data of a single charging station. This method is completed by the c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,782 Views
18 Pages

19 November 2018

In order to build an active distribution system with multi virtual power plants (VPP), a decentralized two-stage stochastic dispatching model based on synchronous alternating direction multiplier method (SADMM) was proposed in this paper. Through the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,233 Views
25 Pages

19 November 2018

The Sea-wave Slot-cone Generator (SSG) wave-energy device is a type of electric energy converting structure that converts energy from sea waves, and which is designed and installed based on wave-overtopping in areas. Most of the previous studies have...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
12,685 Views
20 Pages

Electrical Modelling of a DC Railway System with Multiple Trains

  • Hammad Alnuman,
  • Daniel Gladwin and
  • Martin Foster

19 November 2018

Electrical modelling of rail tracks with multiple running trains is complex due to the difficulties in solving the power flow. The train positions, speed and acceleration are constantly varying resulting in a nonlinear system. In this work, a method...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,281 Views
25 Pages

19 November 2018

In lieu of reliable scaling rules, hydraulic pump and motor manufacturers pay a high monetary and temporal price for attempting to expand their production lines by scaling their existing units to other sizes. The challenge is that the lubricating int...

  • Review
  • Open Access
61 Citations
19,018 Views
22 Pages

18 November 2018

The roofs of buildings play an essential role in energy efficiency because a significant amount of solar radiation is absorbed by roofs in hot weather and a significant amount of heat is lost through roofs in cold weather. This paper is a systematic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
4,673 Views
21 Pages

18 November 2018

The main objective of the present study is to quantify the recent past and explore the near future wind power potential in the Black Sea basin, evaluating the possible changes. Furthermore, an analysis of the wind climate in the target area was also...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,388 Views
22 Pages

Assessment of Resource and Forecast Modeling of Wind Speed through An Evolutionary Programming Approach for the North of Tehuantepec Isthmus (Cuauhtemotzin, Mexico)

  • Luis M. López-Manrique,
  • E. V. Macias-Melo,
  • O. May Tzuc,
  • A. Bassam,
  • K. M. Aguilar-Castro and
  • I. Hernández-Pérez

18 November 2018

This work studies the characteristics of the wind resource for a location in the north zone of Tehuantepec isthmus. The study was conducted using climatic data from Cuauhtemotzin, Mexico, measured at different altitudes above the ground level. The me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,260 Views
26 Pages

18 November 2018

The aim of this paper is to present a thermo-economic model of a microturbine for solar dish applications, which demonstrates the applicability and accuracy of the model for off-design performance evaluation and techno-economic optimisation purposes....

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
8,663 Views
13 Pages

18 November 2018

Enhancement of methane production by co-digestion of Napier grass and Napier silage with food waste was investigated in batch and repeated batch modes. First, the ratios of Napier grass to food waste and Napier silage to food waste were varied at dif...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,749 Views
19 Pages

Optimal Scheduling of Hybrid Energy Resources for a Smart Home

  • Muhammad Kashif Rafique,
  • Zunaib Maqsood Haider,
  • Khawaja Khalid Mehmood,
  • Muhammad Saeed Uz Zaman,
  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Saad Ullah Khan and
  • Chul-Hwan Kim

18 November 2018

The present environmental and economic conditions call for the increased use of hybrid energy resources and, concurrently, recent developments in combined heat and power (CHP) systems enable their use at a domestic level. In this work, the optimal sc...

  • Review
  • Open Access
101 Citations
14,339 Views
28 Pages

Evaluating the Effect of Metal Bipolar Plate Coating on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

  • Oluwatosin Ijaodola,
  • Emmanuel Ogungbemi,
  • Fawwad Nisar. Khatib,
  • Tabbi Wilberforce,
  • Mohamad Ramadan,
  • Zaki El Hassan,
  • James Thompson and
  • Abdul Ghani Olabi

18 November 2018

Environmental concerns of greenhouse gases (GHG) effect from fossil commodities and the fast increase in global energy demand have created awareness on the need to replace fossil fuels with other sources of clean energy. PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) is a pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,814 Views
29 Pages

Measures to Remove Geothermal Energy Barriers in the European Union

  • Antonio Colmenar-Santos,
  • Elisabet Palomo-Torrejón,
  • Enrique Rosales-Asensio and
  • David Borge-Diez

18 November 2018

This article examines the main market barriers that hamper the introduction of geothermal energy at local, national, and European levels as well as the necessary steps that need to be taken to eradicate them, thus contributing to the general use of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,222 Views
14 Pages

Disturbance Rejection Control Method for Isolated Three-Port Converter with Virtual Damping

  • Jiang You,
  • Mengyan Liao,
  • Hailong Chen,
  • Negareh Ghasemi and
  • Mahinda Vilathgamuwa

18 November 2018

The high-power density and capability of three-port converters (TPCs) in generating demanded power synchronously using flexible control strategy make them potential candidates for renewable energy applications to enhance efficiency and power density....

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,546 Views
15 Pages

17 November 2018

The common approach to wind energy feasibility studies is to use Weibull distribution for wind speed data to estimate the annual energy production (AEP). However, if the wind speed data has more than one mode in the probability density, the conventio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
91 Citations
6,265 Views
20 Pages

Optimal Voltage and Frequency Control of an Islanded Microgrid Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm

  • Touqeer Ahmed Jumani,
  • Mohd Wazir Mustafa,
  • Madihah Md Rasid,
  • Nayyar Hussain Mirjat,
  • Zohaib Hussain Leghari and
  • M. Salman Saeed

17 November 2018

Due to the lack of inertia and uncertainty in the selection of optimal Proportional Integral (PI) controller gains, the voltage and frequency variations are higher in the islanded mode of the operation of a Microgrid (MG) compared to the grid-connect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
6,451 Views
15 Pages

On-Line Analysis of Oil-Dissolved Gas in Power Transformers Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry

  • Xiaojun Tang,
  • Wenjing Wang,
  • Xuliang Zhang,
  • Erzhen Wang and
  • Xuanjiannan Li

17 November 2018

To address the problem of on-line dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of a power transformer, a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer was used to develop an analysis instrument. Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ethane (C2...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
8,706 Views
19 Pages

17 November 2018

With the phasing down of subsidies, China has launched the new energy vehicle (NEV) credit regulation to continuously promote the penetration of electric vehicles. The two policies will coexist through 2020 and definitely pose a dramatic impact on th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,187 Views
9 Pages

17 November 2018

Wastewater originating from the yeast industry is characterized by high concentration of pollutants that need to be reduced before the sludge can be applied, for instance, for fertilization of croplands. As a result of the special requirements associ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,684 Views
15 Pages

17 November 2018

The volatility of crude oil prices incentivizes the use of domestic alternative fossil fuel sources such as oil shale. For ex situ oil shale retorting to be economically and environmentally viable, we must convert the copious amounts of semi-coke was...

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Energies - ISSN 1996-1073