Hydrothermal Carbonization Brewer’s Spent Grains with the Focus on Improving the Degradation of the Feedstock
Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Energies 2018, 11(11), 3226; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113226
Received: 22 October 2018
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Revised: 11 November 2018
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Accepted: 15 November 2018
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Published: 21 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrothermal Technology in Biomass Utilization & Conversion)
Hydrochar is a very interesting product from agricultural and food production residues. Unfortunately, severe conditions for complete conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is necessary, especially compared to the conversion of sugar compounds. The goal of this work is to improve the conversion of internal carbohydrates by application of a two-steps process, by acid addition and slightly higher water content. A set of experiments at different temperatures (180, 200, and 220 °C), reaction times (2 and 4 h), and moisture contents (80% and 90%) was performed to characterize the solid (high heating value (HHV), elemental) and liquid product phase. Afterwards, acid addition for a catalyzed hydrolysis reaction during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and a two-steps reaction (180 and 220 °C) were tested. As expected, a higher temperature leads to higher C content of the hydrochar and a higher fixed carbon (FC) content. The same effect was found with the addition of acids at lower temperatures. In the two-steps reaction, a primary hydrolysis step increases the conversion of internal carbohydrates. Higher water content has no significant effect, except for increasing the solubility of ash components.
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Keywords:
hydrothermal carbonization (HTC); brewer’s spent grains (BSG); hydrochar; acid addition; two-steps carbonization
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MDPI and ACS Style
Arauzo, P.J.; Olszewski, M.P.; Kruse, A. Hydrothermal Carbonization Brewer’s Spent Grains with the Focus on Improving the Degradation of the Feedstock. Energies 2018, 11, 3226. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113226
AMA Style
Arauzo PJ, Olszewski MP, Kruse A. Hydrothermal Carbonization Brewer’s Spent Grains with the Focus on Improving the Degradation of the Feedstock. Energies. 2018; 11(11):3226. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113226
Chicago/Turabian StyleArauzo, Pablo J., Maciej P. Olszewski, and Andrea Kruse. 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization Brewer’s Spent Grains with the Focus on Improving the Degradation of the Feedstock" Energies 11, no. 11: 3226. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113226
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