21 Results Found

Current seasonal influenza vaccines have suboptimal effectiveness, especially in seasons dominated by viruses that do not match the vaccine. Therefore, finding new approaches to improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of traditional influenza vaccine...

Influenza A virus is transmitted through a respiratory route and has caused several pandemics throughout history. The NS1 protein of influenza A virus, which consists of an N-terminal RNA-binding domain and a C-terminal effector domain, is considered...

Influenza viruses with an impaired NS1 protein are unable to antagonize the innate immune system and, therefore, are highly immunogenic because of the self-adjuvating effect. Hence, NS1-mutated viruses are considered promising candidates for the deve...

Background: Influenza viruses with truncated NS1 proteins show promise as viral vectors and candidates for mucosal universal influenza vaccines. These mutant NS1 viruses, which lack the N-terminal half of the NS1 protein (124 a.a.), are unable to ant...

Influenza type A virus (IAV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics. Recently, a specific link between IAV infection and neurodegenerative disease progression has been established. The non-structural NS1 prot...

Dengue infection, caused by the dengue virus, is a global threat which requires immediate attention and appropriate disease management. The current diagnosis of dengue infection is largely based on viral isolation, RT-PCR and serology-based detection...

Equine influenza virus remains a serious health and potential economic problem throughout most parts of the world, despite intensive vaccination programs in some horse populations. The influenza non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions i...

The nonstructural antigen protein 3 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV NS3), commonly-used for HCV ELISA diagnosis, possesses protease and helicase activities. To prevent auto-degradation, a truncated NS3 protein was designed by removing the protease doma...

The sequence of non-structural protein NS1 of bluetongue virus (BTV), which contains immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitopes, is highly conserved among BTV serotypes, and has therefore become a major tool in the development of a universal BTV vaccine. In...

Alphaviruses pose a growing global health threat, with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemics ongoing. Although several CHIKV vaccine candidates have progressed to late-stage clinical evaluation, none have yet achieved licensure or widespread availabili...

Chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a member of the RLRs family that recognizes the viral RNAs invading cells and activates downstream interferon regulatory pathways, thereby inhibiting viral replication. The caspase activati...

New strategies providing protection against tuberculosis (TB) are still pending. The airborne nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection assumes that the mucosal delivery of the TB vaccine could be a more promising strategy than the system...

Background/Objectives: The current strategy for seasonal influenza prophylaxis relies on updating the vaccine components annually to account for the rapid antigenic drift of viruses and the low cross-protective efficacy of available vaccines. Mutant...

Influenza A virus (IAV) populations harbor large subpopulations of defective-interfering particles characterized by internally deleted viral genomes. These internally deleted genomes have demonstrated the ability to suppress infectivity and boost inn...

Despite direct acting antivirals (DAAs) curing >95% of individuals infected with hepatitis C (HCV), in order to achieve the World Health Organization HCV Global Elimination Goals by 2030 there are still major challenges that need to be overcome. D...

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) causes severe viral diseases on many economically important plants of Solanaceae. During the infection process of TSWV, a series of 3′-truncated subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) relative to corresponding genomic RNAs we...

Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Recently, CHIKV has spread rapidly worldwide, raising global concerns. However, there is only one approved vaccine is available to prevent CHIKV infecti...

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare form of aggressive skin cancer mainly caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Most MCC tumors express MCPyV large T (LT) antigens and play an important role in the growth-promoting activities of oncoproteins....

The dengue virus (DENV) exploits host cell exosome pathways to disseminate and evade immunity. However, the host factors enabling this process remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that DENV infection robustly induces expression of the short is...

Missense, nonsense, splice site and regulatory region variants in interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) have been shown to contribute to both syndromic and non-syndromic forms of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). We report the diagnostic evaluation of...

Human adenoviruses (AdVs) are one of the most common causes of acute respiratory viral infections worldwide. Multiple AdV serotypes with low cross-reactivity circulate in the human population, making the development of an effective vaccine very chall...