- Article
A Reinforcement Learning Guided Oppositional Mountain Gazelle Optimizer for Time–Cost–Risk Trade-Off Optimization Problems
- Mohammad Azim Eirgash,
- Jun-Jiat Tiang,
- Bayram Ateş,
- Abhishek Sharma and
- Wei Hong Lim
28 December 2025
Existing metaheuristic approaches often struggle to maintain an effective exploration–exploitation balance and are prone to premature convergence when addressing highly conflicting time–cost–safety–risk trade-off problems (TCS...