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49 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
514 Citations
79,557 Views
48 Pages

Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) and Nature Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review

  • Margaret M. Hansen,
  • Reo Jones and
  • Kirsten Tocchini

Background: Current literature supports the comprehensive health benefits of exposure to nature and green environments on human systems. The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to elucidate empirical research conducted on the physiological and psy...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
11,188 Views
17 Pages

10 February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, and other conditions, which are leading causes of global morbidity and mortal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
7,733 Views
18 Pages

Exploring the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Digital Shinrin-Yoku and Its Characteristics as a Restorative Environment

  • Norimasa Takayama,
  • Takeshi Morikawa,
  • Kazuko Koga,
  • Yoichi Miyazaki,
  • Kenichi Harada,
  • Keiko Fukumoto and
  • Yuji Tsujiki

This study investigated the physiological and psychological therapeutic effects of a digital Shinrin-yoku environment constructed indoors in an urban facility as well as the characteristics of the environment that contribute to restorativeness (resto...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,869 Views
11 Pages

Professional healthcare worker burnout is a crisis in the United States healthcare system. This crisis can be viewed at any level, from the national to local communities, but ultimately, must be understood at the level of the individual who is caring...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,904 Views
12 Pages

Since a single forest walk (Shinrin-yoku or forest bathing) session is reported to improve sleep temporarily, occasional forest walks may have a positive effect on daily sleep. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether more frequent forest walki...

  • Review
  • Open Access
49 Citations
15,425 Views
13 Pages

Mindfulness and Shinrin-yoku (SY) translated as forest bathing, is potentially effective to alleviate mental health issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The purpose of this article is to provide a translational and pragmatic approach t...

  • Protocol
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,718 Views
12 Pages

7 February 2023

Cancer can have a significant impact on one’s life situation, with many patients reporting psychosocial discomfort, worry, anxiety, fear of recurrence, depression, tiredness/fatigue, sleep problems, pain and numerous other problems even long af...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,176 Views
25 Pages

Impacts of Forest Bathing (Shinrin-Yoku) in Female Participants with Depression/Depressive Tendencies

  • Qing Li,
  • Norimasa Takayama,
  • Masao Katsumata,
  • Hiroshi Takayama,
  • Yukako Kimura,
  • Shigeyoshi Kumeda,
  • Takashi Miura,
  • Tetsuya Ichimiya,
  • Ruei Tan and
  • Michiko Imai
  • + 4 authors

28 March 2025

Background: It has been reported that forest bathing significantly reduced negative emotions and increased the positive feelings in both healthy males and females, as well as increasing blood serotonin in healthy males, indicating the potential for a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,708 Views
20 Pages

Forest Manners Exchange: Forest as a Place to Remedy Risky Behaviour of Adolescents: Mixed Methods Approach

  • Karolina Macháčková,
  • Roman Dudík,
  • Jiří Zelený,
  • Dana Kolářová,
  • Zbyněk Vinš and
  • Marcel Riedl

This paper evaluates the impact of the forest environment on aggressive manifestations in adolescents. A remedial educative programme was performed with 68 teenagers from institutions with substitute social care with diagnoses F 30.0 (affective disor...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
995 Views
8 Pages

Environmental Stability of the Simulated Forest Immersion Therapy (SFIT) Intervention

  • Amy Miner Ross,
  • Reo J. F. Jones,
  • Kylee Deterding and
  • Ella Rasmussen

23 February 2025

Background: Shinrin-yoku, forest bathing, has been shown to improve the pain experience in arthritis patients and the immune system in normal healthy patients. Yet, a simulated forest immersion therapy (SFIT) experience has not been tested in these t...

  • Study Protocol
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,048 Views
17 Pages

Simulated Forest Immersion Therapy: Methods Development

  • Amy Miner Ross and
  • Reo Jane Francesca Jones

Shinrin-yoku, forest bathing, may provide relief from chronic and breakthrough pain in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and improve immune function through increasing NK cell numbers and activity and their downstream effectors, perforin and gran...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
10,996 Views
16 Pages

The Effects of Dynamic and Static Forest Bathing (Shinrin-yoku) on Physiological and Psychological Health in Males and Females

  • Ye Wen,
  • Xinren Gu,
  • Wenping Deng,
  • Qin Zou,
  • Yuan Hu,
  • Qi Yan,
  • Yangliu Pan,
  • Zhaojie Wen,
  • Renhui Wan and
  • Mei He
  • + 2 authors

5 August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dynamic and static forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) on the physiological and psychological health of males and females. Dynamic pre-test and post-test forest bathing was performed on 11 participants (5 male...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,095 Views
13 Pages

Evolution of Human Salivary Stress Markers during an Eight-Hour Exposure to a Mediterranean Holm Oak Forest. A Pilot Study

  • Albert Bach,
  • Jose Joaquin Ceron,
  • Roser Maneja,
  • Joan Llusià,
  • Josep Penuelas and
  • Damián Escribano

19 November 2021

The current study analyses the evolution of different human stress markers during an 8 h exposure to a Mediterranean Holm oak forest. We conducted a pre-post study with thirty-one subjects in which saliva samples were collected before the exposure (b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,413 Views
15 Pages

Unlocking the Power of Nature: Insights from a 20-Minute Forest Visit on Well-Being

  • Daniela Haluza,
  • Pauline Kersten,
  • Tanja Lazic,
  • Matthias Steinparzer and
  • Douglas Godbold

8 May 2025

Recent research underscores the positive effects of nature exposure on health and well-being. Growing evidence also links biodiversity within these environments to enhanced health outcomes, as diverse ecosystems may offer a broader range of multi-sen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,427 Views
16 Pages

The Impact of Open Forest Habitats on Psychological Well-Being

  • Emilia Janeczko,
  • Krzysztof Czyżyk,
  • Małgorzata Woźnicka and
  • Anna Wiśniewska

7 July 2025

Open habitats in forests perform several important functions. In addition to enriching biodiversity, they have an impact on the diversification of the forest landscape, and through complex processes and trophic relationships, they provide greater sus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,762 Views
12 Pages

The Psychological Benefits of Forest Bathing in Individuals with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Pilot Study

  • Mayte Serrat,
  • Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer,
  • Sandra Alonso-Marsol,
  • Sònia Ferrés,
  • Ruben Nieto,
  • Albert Feliu-Soler and
  • Anna Muro

Background/Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to assess the short-term effects of Forest Bathing (FB) conducted in a Mediterranean forest on individuals with fibromyalgia (FM) and/or chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgia encephalomyeli...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
123 Citations
18,258 Views
39 Pages

The Psychological and Physical Effects of Forests on Human Health: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

  • Marita Stier-Jarmer,
  • Veronika Throner,
  • Michaela Kirschneck,
  • Gisela Immich,
  • Dieter Frisch and
  • Angela Schuh

Background: The aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews was to identify, summarise, and synthesise the available evidence of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) on the preventative and therapeutic psychological and physical e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,368 Views
15 Pages

Developing Forest Therapy Programmes Based on the Health Benefits of Terpenes in Dominant Tree Species in Tara National Park (Serbia)

  • Martina Zorić,
  • Jelena Farkić,
  • Marko Kebert,
  • Emina Mladenović,
  • Dragić Karaklić,
  • Gorana Isailović and
  • Saša Orlović

Numerous medical studies have shown the positive effects of forests on different aspects of human health. This study deals with the content of major terpenes in dominant coniferous species in Tara National Park, Serbia, in order to explore the potent...

  • Review
  • Open Access
47 Citations
9,487 Views
15 Pages

How Should Forests Be Characterized in Regard to Human Health? Evidence from Existing Literature

  • Albert Bach Pagès,
  • Josep Peñuelas,
  • Jana Clarà,
  • Joan Llusià,
  • Ferran Campillo i López and
  • Roser Maneja

The potential of forests as a source of health has been addressed by the scientific community and is now being considered in national forest strategies, management plans and policies. Studies identifying the mechanisms by which forest characteristics...

  • Article
  • Open Access
83 Citations
11,096 Views
10 Pages

The Effects of a Forest Therapy Programme on Mental Hospital Patients with Affective and Psychotic Disorders

  • Ernest Bielinis,
  • Aneta Jaroszewska,
  • Adrian Łukowski and
  • Norimasa Takayama

The positive effect of forest bathing on the mental health and wellbeing of those suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder or experiencing stress has been proven. It is not known, however, how ‘forest therapy’ affects the mental heal...

  • Review
  • Open Access
101 Citations
13,919 Views
30 Pages

22 July 2020

Research Highlights: This review gives an overview of existing literature on the emerging topic of human wellbeing-forest contact nexus and provides a preliminary framework linking forests to wellbeing by highlighting key variables affecting this rel...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,981 Views
9 Pages

Relaxing Effect Induced by Forest Sound in Patients with Gambling Disorder

  • Hiroko Ochiai,
  • Chorong Song,
  • Hyunju Jo,
  • Masayuki Oishi,
  • Michiko Imai and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

24 July 2020

The number of people addicted to gambling has increased worldwide. They often suffer from debilitating medical conditions associated with stress or depression. This study examined the physiological and psychological reactions of gambling disorder (GD...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,238 Views
15 Pages

Use of Measurement Tools to Validate the Health Effects of Forest Healing Programs: A Qualitative Analysis

  • Hae-ryoung Chun,
  • Inhyung Cho,
  • Yoon Young Choi,
  • Sujin Park,
  • Geonwoo Kim and
  • Sung-il Cho

10 December 2023

Research is increasingly focusing on the health-promoting effects of forest healing programs. A number of different health indicators are in use, necessitating the establishment of standardized health measurement tools and protocols for forest healin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,584 Views
16 Pages

The Economic Value of Forest Bathing: An Example Case of the Italian Alps

  • Alessandro Paletto,
  • Sandra Notaro,
  • Carlotta Sergiacomi and
  • Francesca Di Mascio

15 March 2024

In the mid-1980s, forest bathing was established in Japan to improve citizens’ physical and mental health. In the literature, many studies have investigated the role of forest bathing in decreasing people’s stress and anxiety as well as i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,985 Views
22 Pages

2 August 2024

The study aims to evaluate the demand for forest bathing in northern Italy’s regions, underlining the willingness to pay and the potential tourists’ habits and flows on attending alpine contexts. Several studies have analyzed the psychoph...

  • Article
  • Open Access
237 Citations
24,539 Views
24 Pages

Emotional, Restorative and Vitalizing Effects of Forest and Urban Environments at Four Sites in Japan

  • Norimasa Takayama,
  • Kalevi Korpela,
  • Juyoung Lee,
  • Takeshi Morikawa,
  • Yuko Tsunetsugu,
  • Bum-Jin Park,
  • Qing Li,
  • Liisa Tyrväinen,
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki and
  • Takahide Kagawa

The present study investigated the well-being effects of short-term forest walking and viewing (“forest bathing”). The hypothesis in our study was that both environment (forest vs. urban) and activity (walking and viewing) would influence psychologic...

  • Protocol
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,145 Views
12 Pages

A Forest Bathing Intervention in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Feasibility Study Protocol

  • Elena Bermejo-Martins,
  • María Pueyo-Garrigues,
  • María Casas,
  • Raúl Bermejo-Orduna and
  • Ana Villarroya

Forest bathing practices benefit individuals’ physical and mental health. A growing number of published studies provide evidence of such effects in diverse populations and contexts. However, no literature has been found that evaluates the effec...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,238 Views
5 Pages

Forest Exposure and Respiratory Function: A Literature Review

  • Michele Antonelli,
  • Davide Donelli,
  • Valentina Maggini,
  • Fabio Firenzuoli and
  • Emanuela Bedeschi

Environmental health research has recently started to study the health effects of well-being-promoting practices based on forest exposure. This narrative review aims to understand whether forest exposure can directly improve respiratory function. Pub...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,250 Views
13 Pages

Spending Time in the Forest or the Field: Investigations on Stress Perception and Psychological Well-Being—A Randomized Cross-Over Trial in Highly Sensitive Persons

  • Katja Oomen-Welke,
  • Evelyn Schlachter,
  • Tina Hilbich,
  • Johannes Naumann,
  • Alexander Müller,
  • Thilo Hinterberger and
  • Roman Huber

Research suggests that stays in a forest promote relaxation and reduce stress compared to spending time in a city. The aim of this study was to compare stays in a forest with another natural environment, a cultivated field. Healthy, highly sensitive...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,053 Views
21 Pages

Indicators of the Psychosocial and Physiological Effects of Forest Therapy: A Systematic Review

  • Hae-ryoung Chun,
  • Yoon-Young Choi,
  • Inhyung Cho,
  • Hee-kyoung Nam,
  • Geonwoo Kim,
  • Sujin Park and
  • Sung-il Cho

10 July 2023

Research on forest therapy and health outcomes is insufficient and involves the limited unification of various health indicators. Information on the natural therapeutic elements of forests and forest-therapy programs is insufficient. We investigated...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,572 Views
12 Pages

Effects of a Forest Therapy Program on Physical Health, Mental Health, and Health Behaviors

  • Hae-ryoung Chun,
  • Inhyung Cho,
  • Yoon Young Choi,
  • Sujin Park,
  • Geonwoo Kim and
  • Sung-il Cho

13 November 2023

(1) Background: Although interest in the health-promoting effects of forest therapy is increasing, few researchers have investigated the mid-long-term impact of such therapy on health indicators or exercise behaviors. We explored changes in physical...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,392 Views
24 Pages

Forest Therapy Research in Europe: A Scoping Review of the Scientific Literature

  • Elena Mazzoleni,
  • Davide Donelli,
  • Federica Zabini,
  • Francesco Meneguzzo and
  • Michele Antonelli

12 May 2024

This scoping review aims to outline key discoveries, gaps in knowledge, and potential future directions in the field of forest therapy research in Europe. Clinical studies investigating the effects of forest therapy sessions in Europe were systematic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
7,182 Views
13 Pages

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Viewing Forests on Young Women

  • Chorong Song,
  • Harumi Ikei,
  • Takahide Kagawa and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

27 July 2019

Research Highlights: This study demonstrated that viewing forest landscapes induced physical and mental health benefits on young women. Background and Objectives: The health-promoting effects of spending time in forests have received increasing atten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
78 Citations
8,576 Views
17 Pages

The Effect of Recreation in a Snow-Covered Forest Environment on the Psychological Wellbeing of Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Study

  • Ernest Bielinis,
  • Adrian Łukowski,
  • Aneta Omelan,
  • Sergii Boiko,
  • Norimasa Takayama and
  • Donald L. Grebner

20 September 2019

Forest recreation can be successfully conducted for the purpose of psychological relaxation, as has been proven in previous scientific studies. During the winter in many countries, when snow cover occurs frequently, forest recreation (walking, relax...

  • Article
  • Open Access
97 Citations
11,798 Views
11 Pages

Physiological Effects of Visual Stimulation with Forest Imagery

  • Chorong Song,
  • Harumi Ikei and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

This study was aimed to clarify the physiological effects of visual stimulation using forest imagery on activity of the brain and autonomic nervous system. Seventeen female university students (mean age, 21.1 ± 1.0 years) participated in the study. A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
7,730 Views
22 Pages

We investigated the influence of forest management on landscape appreciation and psychological restoration in on-site settings by exposing respondents to an unmanaged, dense coniferous (crowding) forest and a managed (thinned) coniferous forest; we s...

  • Review
  • Open Access
294 Citations
48,801 Views
17 Pages

Humans have evolved into what they are today after the passage of 6–7 million years. If we define the beginning of urbanization as the rise of the industrial revolution, less than 0.01% of our species’ history has been spent in modern surroundings. H...

  • Article
  • Open Access
129 Citations
14,521 Views
12 Pages

Effects of Walking in a Forest on Young Women

  • Chorong Song,
  • Harumi Ikei,
  • Takahide Kagawa and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

The effects of forest activities on health promotion have received increasing attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and psychological effects of brief walks in forests on young women. The experiments were conducted in 6 f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
84 Citations
10,282 Views
13 Pages

The Effects of a Short Forest Recreation Program on Physiological and Psychological Relaxation in Young Polish Adults

  • Ernest Bielinis,
  • Lidia Bielinis,
  • Sylwia Krupińska-Szeluga,
  • Adrian Łukowski and
  • Norimasa Takayama

7 January 2019

Forest recreation is an activity that could be successfully used to alleviate negative symptoms of stress in individuals. Multiple positive psychological and physiological effects have been described in the literature, especially regarding works desc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
95 Citations
44,003 Views
10 Pages

Psychological Benefits of Walking through Forest Areas

  • Chorong Song,
  • Harumi Ikei,
  • Bum-Jin Park,
  • Juyoung Lee,
  • Takahide Kagawa and
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki

This study aimed to clarify the psychological benefits of brief walks through forest areas. In addition, we aimed to examine the associations between psychological responses and trait anxiety levels. Five-hundred-and-eighty-five participants (mean ag...

  • Article
  • Open Access
61 Citations
9,025 Views
21 Pages

Previous research has mainly dealt with the physiological and psychological restorative effects of the forest environment. However, comparatively few studies have focused on how the traits and attributes of individuals (individual traits) affect the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,262 Views
34 Pages

Are Virtual Forests Just for Relaxation, or Can They Enhance the Benefits of Therapy?

  • You Zhi Hu,
  • Max Beggs,
  • Yu Xue,
  • Sinuo Gao,
  • Junyoung Seok,
  • Yawen Xiao,
  • Ziqi Zhou,
  • Yifei Zhou,
  • Alex Mariakakis and
  • Mark Chignell

Forest bathing (Shinrin-Yoku in Japanese) is used as an intervention for improving mental health, with VR being used to create virtual forests for relaxation. Background/Objectives: In this research, we added therapeutic intent to a virtual forest wi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
15,738 Views
17 Pages

15 June 2021

The boundary between mindfulness and forest bathing, two conceptually related therapies, is unclear. Accordingly, this study reports the strengths and challenges, similarities and differences, and barriers and facilitators for both. Semi-structured i...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,792 Views
20 Pages

In the face of the limitations in pharmacological and surgical interventions for neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, patients are increasingly turning to non-pharmacological and alternative therapies to ma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,639 Views
21 Pages

Forest-Based Health Practices: Social Representations of Nature and Favorable Environmental Characteristics

  • Delphine Théberge,
  • Maude Flamand-Hubert,
  • Solange Nadeau,
  • Julie Girard,
  • Isabelle Bradette and
  • Hugo Asselin

26 October 2024

Forest frequentation is associated with benefits for human health, warranting the importance of forest-based health practices. These practices can be classified into four categories: connection with nature (e.g., Shinrin-Yoku, yoga, and meditation);...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,032 Views
9 Pages

3 January 2023

Forest bathing is based upon a Japanese practice known as Shinrin–Yoku and is a nature-based therapy involving mindful walks through ancient woodland to reduce stress and anxiety. One proposed mechanism behind the effectiveness of Forest bathin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,856 Views
27 Pages

12 July 2024

Amidst rapid societal changes and increasing urbanization, human connectivity with nature has declined, exacerbating public health concerns. This study assesses the efficacy of Shinrin-yoku, or ‘forest bathing’, in Wuyishan National Park...

  • Article
  • Open Access
69 Citations
12,259 Views
24 Pages

Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Treatment for Fibromyalgia Based on Pain Neuroscience Education, Exercise Therapy, Psychological Support, and Nature Exposure (NAT-FM): A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Mayte Serrat,
  • Míriam Almirall,
  • Marta Musté,
  • Juan P. Sanabria-Mazo,
  • Albert Feliu-Soler,
  • Jorge L. Méndez-Ulrich,
  • Juan V. Luciano and
  • Antoni Sanz

18 October 2020

A recent study (FIBROWALK) has supported the effectiveness of a multicomponent treatment based on pain neuroscience education (PNE), exercise therapy (TE), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and mindfulness in patients with fibromyalgia. The aim of...