Advances in Metallurgical Processing and Involved Separation Techniques

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Separation Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2026) | Viewed by 1827

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, DC 02139, USA
Interests: hydrometallurgy; separation process; electrodialysis; reverse osmosis; ultrafiltration; microfiltration; solvent extraction; recycling processes; circular economy; SDGs; net-zero emission
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Interest in mining to obtain critical metals has increased in recent decades. Among these metals are cobalt, lithium, rare earth elements, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium, platinum group metals, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, and strontium. These critical metals are crucial for energy transition.

The insertion of metals into society through increasingly complex electronic equipment puts even greater pressure on extractive processes from primary sources. For instance, printed circuit boards are becoming more and more complex, as well as the replacement of technologies (fluorescent lamps for LED or LCD TVs for LEDs and OLEDs).

At the same time, the decrease in metal content in ores results in increased generation of mining waste, which can also be used as a secondary source of other critical metals. For example, bauxite is the main ore for making alumina, and the Bayer process residue (also known as red mud) contains critical and valuable metals such as titanium, zirconium, and rare earth elements (such as scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and cerium).

For this reason, metallurgical processes are important to supply critical metals. However, as residues become more complex, further research is necessary to develop new recycling approaches towards the circular economy and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals from the United Nations.

This Special Issue aims to address the most recent developments in recycling processes to obtain critical and valuable metals from secondary sources by pyro- and hydrometallurgical techniques, which include pyrolysis, roasting, smelting, calcination, leaching (inorganic and organic acids and alkali), ion exchange separation (resins and solvent extraction), precipitation, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, nanohydrometallurgy, and biohydrometallurgy. Moreover, research articles will focus on techniques/processes to achieve sustainable development goals.

We gladly invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue.

Dr. Amilton Botelho Junior
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hydrometallurgy
  • pyrometallurgy
  • recycling
  • energy transition

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2220 KB  
Article
Selective Sorption of Molybdenum (VI) from Strongly Acidic Sulfate Media Using Macroporous Weak-Base Anion-Exchange Resins
by Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyev, Almagul Ultarakova, Nina Lokhova, Arailym Mukangaliyeva, Azamat Yessengaziyev and Kaisar Kassymzhanov
Processes 2026, 14(8), 1225; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14081225 - 10 Apr 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 628
Abstract
Depletion of reserves of rich copper–porphyry ore deposits necessitates the development of highly efficient methods for Mo (VI) extraction from complex, corrosive hydro-metallurgical media. The present study undertakes a comprehensive assessment of sorptive concentration of Mo (VI) from strongly acidic sulfate solutions (120 [...] Read more.
Depletion of reserves of rich copper–porphyry ore deposits necessitates the development of highly efficient methods for Mo (VI) extraction from complex, corrosive hydro-metallurgical media. The present study undertakes a comprehensive assessment of sorptive concentration of Mo (VI) from strongly acidic sulfate solutions (120 g/L H2SO4) by employing a spectrum of commercially available strong- and weak-base anion-exchange resins. It has been established that the macroporous weak-base anion exchanger Purolite A-100 demonstrates decisive superiority over gel-type analogs (Lewatit M-800, AB-17), facilitating unimpeded intra-gel diffusion of bulky molybdenyl sulfato-complexes anions, thereby circumventing the obstructive “sieve effect.” Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations revealed that the sorption process exhibits pronounced concentration- and pH-dependent characteristics. Peak extraction efficiency (up to 95.91%) is achieved at pH ≈ 1, a finding that correlates with the region of maximal protonation of tertiary amino groups within the resin matrix. Kinetic acceleration of mass transfer upon heating to 80 °C has been experimentally confirmed, yielding 94.6% extraction within 60 min. The obtained results corroborate the prospective integration of macroporous weak-base anion exchangers into operational hydro-metallurgical schemes as an environmentally benign and efficacious alternative to conventional solvent extraction of molybdenum. Full article
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19 pages, 9790 KB  
Article
Purification of Quartz from Uranium-Bearing Tailings via a Combined Magnetic and Reverse Flotation Process
by Mingtao Wu, Yongjian Li, Yi Liu, Lei Zhou, Guoping Jiang, Penghua Hu, Shengdong Zhang and Lechang Xu
Processes 2026, 14(7), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14071149 - 3 Apr 2026
Viewed by 441
Abstract
Uranium tailings, the primary solid waste from uranium production, are characterized by vast quantity, high radioactivity, and substantial environmental risks. This study systematically investigated a combined magnetic separation–reverse flotation process for extracting quartz from uranium tailings. Process mineralogical analyses, including XRD, MLA, and [...] Read more.
Uranium tailings, the primary solid waste from uranium production, are characterized by vast quantity, high radioactivity, and substantial environmental risks. This study systematically investigated a combined magnetic separation–reverse flotation process for extracting quartz from uranium tailings. Process mineralogical analyses, including XRD, MLA, and XRF, revealed that the tailings are mainly composed of quartz, potassium feldspar, albite, and almandine, with quartz accounting for approximately 43% and non-magnetic/weakly magnetic materials making up 91.06% of the total. The experimental results showed that after high-intensity magnetic separation at 1.8 T, the SiO2 grade increases to 76.36%. Under the conditions of pH 2, a mixed collector system of sodium oleate and dodecylamine at a mass ratio of 1:7, and a total dosage of 2000 g/t, the SiO2 grade further rises to above 90%. This work proposes a green process route for extracting quartz from uranium tailings, which not only achieves a reduction in radioactive tailings but also successfully obtains high-grade quartz products. Full article
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