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New Approaches to Managing Diabetes Through Diet

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2026 | Viewed by 1657

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Diabetes Center, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: diabetic neuropathy; new technologies in diabetes; diabetes mellitus type 1; diabetes mellitus type 2; insulin treatment; nutritional supplements in DM; dietary interventions in DM; carbohydrate counting; functional foods; nutrigenomics and DM; personalized nutrition
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hippocrates (460–370 BC), an ancient Greek physician, famously stated, ‘If we could give every individual the right amount of food and exercise, not too little and not too much, we would have found the safest way to health.’ For individuals with diabetes mellitus, diet is the cornerstone of managing diabetes and plays a crucial role in their health and well-being. In diabetes mellitus type 1, it is essential to estimate food intake and determine the optimal timing between insulin action and peak hyperglycemia following meals. Equally important is the role of diet in preventing diabetes mellitus, emphasizing the potential of dietary strategies to mitigate the risk of developing this condition.

Νevertheless, it is important to recognize that diabetic individuals with other comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease or diabetic microvascular complications, require different nutrition therapies. This highlights the complexity of diabetes management and the necessity for individualized care.

The area of medical nutrition therapy warrants further investigation, as it holds the potential for new discoveries and the development of more effective dietary strategies. This Special Issue aims to explore and present new approaches to managing diabetes through diet.

We should emphasize the importance of healthcare professionals in sharing innovative dietary strategies for diabetes management. Their role in disseminating this information is not only crucial but also underscores their integral part in our collective efforts to enhance patient outcomes and advance our understanding of diabetes management. 

Prof. Dr. Triantafyllos Didangelos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diabetic neuropathy
  • new technologies in diabetes
  • diabetes mellitus type 1
  • diabetes mellitus type 2
  • insulin treatment
  • nutritional supplements in DM
  • diet
  • diabetic nephropathy
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • cardiovascular disease
  • mediterranean diet
  • ketogenic diet

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

24 pages, 561 KB  
Review
Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Type 2 Diabetes: Nutritional and Therapeutic Strategies
by Christos G. Nikolaidis, Despoina Gyriki, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Eleni Karlafti, Triantafyllos Didangelos, Christina Tsigalou and Anastasia Thanopoulou
Nutrients 2026, 18(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010089 - 27 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1460
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder influenced not only by genetics, diet, and lifestyle but also by the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis (imbalances in microbial composition) can disrupt gut barrier integrity, alter microbial metabolites, and trigger low-grade inflammation, contributing to [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder influenced not only by genetics, diet, and lifestyle but also by the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis (imbalances in microbial composition) can disrupt gut barrier integrity, alter microbial metabolites, and trigger low-grade inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Nutritional interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and bioactive food components, represent potential therapeutic approaches for ameliorating gut eubiosis and advancing glycemic regulation. This narrative review incorporates evidence from selected studies identified by searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published up to November 2025. The methodology included a structured literature search of in vitro, animal, and human studies, with a focus on intervention trials and mechanistic research. There are many positive signals from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but heterogeneity and short follow-up limit definitive recommendations. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies indicates a beneficial effect on fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and inflammatory markers, though heterogeneity of the individual and the variability in study designs limit generalization. There is insufficient evidence to recommend microbiota modulation as standard therapy in any disease. Key knowledge gaps include standardized interventions, stratified analyses by medication use (e.g., metformin), clinically meaningful endpoints, and long-term safety data. This review summarizes current knowledge on gut microbiota-driven mechanisms in T2DM and evaluates emerging microbiota-targeted therapies as adjunctive strategies for metabolic improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches to Managing Diabetes Through Diet)
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