GeoAI for UAVs and Earth Observation: Methods, Applications and Possible Integration

Dear Colleagues,

Earth Observation (EO) is undergoing a transformative evolution driven primarily by the integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). UAVs, often complemented by satellite platforms, provide rich, high-resolution data streams from multispectral, hyperspectral, LiDAR, radar, and thermal sensors. These data sources, when combined with advanced AI and Machine Learning (ML) techniques, enable sophisticated spatial analysis including automated feature extraction, classification, and predictive modeling. This powerful fusion, commonly referred to as GeoAI, is significantly advancing our capacity to monitor and interpret complex environmental and natural science phenomena, pushing the boundaries of remote sensing research and practical applications.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather high-quality papers (original articles, reviews, communications) that present innovative methodologies, practical applications, and case studies as well as critical evaluations of AI and ML techniques for processing UAV and satellite data within diverse spatial contexts. We emphasize contributions that address real-world challenges across multiple disciplines, with a core focus on UAVs as essential components within the broader remote sensing framework. Submissions that demonstrate the complementary use of UAV and satellite data—or leverage one platform for validation, multi-scale analysis, or enhanced modeling—are strongly encouraged.

This Special Issue welcomes manuscripts covering topics including, but not limited to, the following:

• Development of novel AI/ML algorithms tailored for multi-sensor (LiDAR, radar, thermal) data acquired primarily by UAVs and optionally integrated with satellite data;
• Multidisciplinary applications in environmental monitoring, forestry, agriculture, geology, veterinary sciences, and related fields utilizing UAV-based sensing;
• Techniques and applications for multi-platform and multi-sensor data fusion involving UAVs and satellite systems;
• Innovative sensor technologies deployed on UAVs and their integration with Earth Observation datasets;
• GeoAI approaches to object detection, classification, and temporal change monitoring using UAV and satellite data;
• Comprehensive reviews addressing the current state of the art, challenges, and future research directions in UAV-based remote sensing and AI;
• Theoretical critiques and explorations of new possibilities in UAV and satellite data analysis using AI/ML.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions in the form of original research articles, reviews, communications, and technical reports that advance the field of UAV-enabled Earth Observation.

Dr. Tommaso Orusa
Dr. Annalisa Viani
Dr. Filippo Sarvia
Guest Editors

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