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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Multi-Target Molecular Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil

by
Melina Vieira Alves
1,
Letícia Alves dos Santos Silva
1,
Maria Luísa Rodrigues Nolasco
1,
Anny Beatriz de Oliveira Gama
1,
Márcia Guimarães da Silva
2 and
Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista
1,*
1
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (GMBio), Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao 49107-230, SE, Brazil
2
Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(12), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10120354
Submission received: 30 September 2025 / Revised: 7 December 2025 / Accepted: 16 December 2025 / Published: 18 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Testing, Prevention and Care Interventions, 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Co-infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) facilitates cervical carcinogenesis, and additional cofactors such as other sexually transmitted infections (STI) further aggravate this scenario. This study aimed to validate a molecular detection strategy for Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and to assess the association of these infections with cervical lesions in HPV-positive women living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil. In total, 155 samples were collected from CRIST/AIDS. After microorganism detection by conventional PCR, a multiplex PCR was standardized and validated. A prevalence of 9.03% was observed for C. trachomatis and 6.45% for T. vaginalis, with 0.64% co-infection. In addition, infection with both STIs showed a prevalence of 0.64%. Among HPV-positive women, high-risk genotypes accounted for 70.9% of cases, with HPV-16 being the most prevalent (35.5%). Overall, 18.2% of women presented cervical lesions, and 13.2% of those with co-detection of C. trachomatis and T. vaginalis were associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). These findings highlight the clinical relevance of screening for multiple STIs in HPV-positive women living with HIV and support the incorporation of multiplex molecular testing into public health strategies to improve early detection and targeted management.
Keywords: molecular diagnosis; HPV; HIV; Chlamydia trachomatis; Trichomonas vaginalis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular diagnosis; HPV; HIV; Chlamydia trachomatis; Trichomonas vaginalis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Alves, M.V.; Silva, L.A.d.S.; Nolasco, M.L.R.; Gama, A.B.d.O.; da Silva, M.G.; Batista, M.V.d.A. Multi-Target Molecular Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10120354

AMA Style

Alves MV, Silva LAdS, Nolasco MLR, Gama ABdO, da Silva MG, Batista MVdA. Multi-Target Molecular Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2025; 10(12):354. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10120354

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alves, Melina Vieira, Letícia Alves dos Santos Silva, Maria Luísa Rodrigues Nolasco, Anny Beatriz de Oliveira Gama, Márcia Guimarães da Silva, and Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista. 2025. "Multi-Target Molecular Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 10, no. 12: 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10120354

APA Style

Alves, M. V., Silva, L. A. d. S., Nolasco, M. L. R., Gama, A. B. d. O., da Silva, M. G., & Batista, M. V. d. A. (2025). Multi-Target Molecular Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Living with HIV in Northeastern Brazil. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 10(12), 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10120354

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