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Allergies, Volume 6, Issue 3

2026 September - 12 articles

Cover Story: This review highlights how HLA polymorphism shapes the immune recognition of allergens and contributes to allergic disease. HLA class II molecules determine which allergen-derived peptides are presented to CD4+ T cells, influencing the balance between Th2-driven sensitization and regulatory T-cell-mediated tolerance. Evidence across pollen, food, environmental, contact, and sting allergies shows that HLA associations vary among allergens and populations. Environmental exposures and epigenetic regulation further modify these responses. Computational prediction, structural analysis, and artificial intelligence provide complementary approaches for identifying allergenic proteins and HLA-restricted epitopes, supporting future precision allergy medicine, molecular diagnosis, and epitope-guided immunotherapy. View this paper
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Articles (12)

  • Review
  • Open Access
699 Views
47 Pages

10 September 2026

The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system represents one of the most polymorphic genetic systems in humans and plays a central role in immune recognition. This review explores the complex relationship between HLA polymorphism and allergenicity. Allerg...

(This article belongs to the Section Physiopathology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
883 Views
22 Pages

Atopic Dermatitis in Otorhinolaryngology: Clinical Manifestations and Implications for Practice

  • Nikolaos Fylaktou,
  • Alexandra Danielidi,
  • Katerina Grafanaki,
  • Athanasios Vlachodimitropoulos and ,
  • Gerasimos Danielides,
  • Foteini Tsapardoni and
  • Spyridon Lygeros
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

4 September 2026

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease increasingly recognized as part of a broader atopic and type 2 inflammatory spectrum rather than a condition confined to the skin alone. Although its dermatologic burden is well established, it...

(This article belongs to the Section Dermatology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,125 Views
18 Pages

Biologic Therapies for Severe Pediatric Asthma: Current Evidence, Clinical Indications, and Future Directions

  • Dafni Moriki,
  • Michalis Kalogiannis,
  • Maria Tsouprou,
  • Vasilis Grammeniatis and ,
  • Konstantinos Douros and
  • Despoina Koumpagioti
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

3 September 2026

Severe pediatric asthma remains a significant clinical challenge despite advances in conventional therapy. Some children continue to experience persistent symptoms, recurrent exacerbations, and substantial morbidity despite optimized treatment with i...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Allergy and Asthma: 4th Edition)
  • Review
  • Open Access
878 Views
10 Pages

3 September 2026

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an increasingly common condition among athletes due to repeated exposure to sport-specific equipment, environmental allergens, and topical products. Sweating and repetitive cutaneous trauma facilitate allergen pen...

(This article belongs to the Topic Skin Barrier Function and Immune Mediators as Key Therapeutic Targets of Main Inflammatory Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
854 Views
14 Pages

Food Allergy Without a Safety Net—Molecular Sensitisation Patterns and Family Quality of Life Among Bulgarian Children in a Setting Without Epinephrine Auto-Injectors

  • Polina Kostova,
  • Tsvetelin Lukanov,
  • Tanya Kadiyska,
  • Irena Bogdanova and ,
  • Dilyana Petkova,
  • Pasha Karaivanova and
  • Sirma Mileva
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Pediatric food allergy is an increasing public health challenge associated with severe allergic reactions, psychosocial burden, and healthcare inequalities. This study aimed to characterise molecular sensitisation patterns among Bulgarian children wi...

(This article belongs to the Section Food Allergy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,377 Views
13 Pages

Background: Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with severe ocular complications (SOCs) are devastating mucocutaneous disorders characterized by chronic ocular surface inflammation and epithelial damage. Although...

(This article belongs to the Section Physiopathology)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,206 Views
17 Pages

Barriers to Biologic Access in Atopic Dermatitis: Insurance, Cost, and Administrative Challenges

  • Calista Persson,
  • Benjamin R. Cooper,
  • Stefano Cena,
  • Taha Rasul and
  • Angelia Stepien

Biologic therapies have significantly improved outcomes for patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), yet access to these treatments remains uneven and frequently limited. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on insurance-relate...

(This article belongs to the Section Dermatology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2,916 Views
11 Pages

Eosinophilia is a heterogeneous clinical finding ranging from benign reactive states to clonal hematologic disorders associated with significant morbidity. This narrative, practical clinical review provides a structured, mechanism-based approach to t...

(This article belongs to the Section Diagnosis and Therapeutics)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,236 Views
19 Pages

Exposome and Respiratory Allergic Diseases: A Structured Narrative Review

  • César A. Galván,
  • Rafael Durán,
  • Daniela Espinoza,
  • Ruperto González-Pérez and
  • Fernando Pineda De La Losa

Background: Allergic respiratory diseases, primarily asthma and allergic rhinitis, affect hundreds of millions worldwide. Their rising prevalence reflects complex gene–environment interactions that the exposome framework organizes into external...

(This article belongs to the Section Asthma/Respiratory)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,811 Views
32 Pages

Background: Brazilian wasp venoms represent a clinically relevant yet underexplored source of bioactive molecules with important implications for allergy, toxicology, and neuropharmacology. This review discusses the biological and immunological activ...

(This article belongs to the Section Physiopathology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,521 Views
18 Pages

Climate Change and the Increasing Burden of Allergies in Children

  • Despoina Koumpagioti,
  • Barbara Boutopoulou,
  • Vasilis Grammeniatis,
  • Konstantinos Douros and
  • Dafni Moriki

Allergic diseases are increasing globally, particularly among children, who are highly vulnerable due to critical windows of immune development. This review examines climate change as a key environmental determinant driving the rising burden of pedia...

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Allergy)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,405 Views
12 Pages

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by diverse and evolving clinical manifestations, often resulting in delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity. Although traditionally viewed as distinct, allergic...

(This article belongs to the Section Physiopathology)
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Allergies - ISSN 2313-5786