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Toxics, Volume 9, Issue 6

June 2021 - 30 articles

Cover Story: We have recently demonstrated that ozone, a prototypic air pollutant, mediates pulmonary and systemic effects through the activation of adrenergic receptors (ARs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). A single exposure to ozone induces the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes, resulting in the release of epinephrine and corticosterone into circulation. These hormones act as ligands for ARs and GRs. The roles of beta AR (βARs) and GRs in ozone-induced pulmonary injury and inflammation were confirmed in a number of studies using interventional approaches. Accordingly, the activation status of ARs and GRs is critical in mediating the health effects of inhaled irritants. In this paper, we review the cellular distribution and functions of ARs and GRs, their lung-specific localization, and their involvement in ozone-induced health effects. View this paper
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Articles (30)

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,422 Views
11 Pages

19 June 2021

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that have a fiber-like structure which may be a concern for the development of cellular senescence. Premature senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, is implicated in th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
66 Citations
7,125 Views
26 Pages

Mechanisms of Metal-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders

  • Hong Cheng,
  • Bobo Yang,
  • Tao Ke,
  • Shaojun Li,
  • Xiaobo Yang,
  • Michael Aschner and
  • Pan Chen

17 June 2021

Metals are actively involved in multiple catalytic physiological activities. However, metal overload may result in neurotoxicity as it increases formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevates oxidative stress in the nervous system. Mitochond...

  • Review
  • Open Access
34 Citations
7,795 Views
17 Pages

17 June 2021

Nowadays, arsenic (III) contamination of drinking water is a global issue. Laboratory and instrument-based techniques are typically used to detect arsenic in water, with an accuracy of 1 ppb. However, such detection methods require a laboratory-based...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,248 Views
15 Pages

15 June 2021

Museums air quality can be negatively affected by treatments with heavy metals compounds employed to prevent pest infestations. Among these, the past use of mercury dichloride (HgCl2) on herbaria artifacts currently produces high levels of indoor atm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,064 Views
13 Pages

12 June 2021

Microplastics are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and interact with other kinds of pollutants, which affects the migration, transformation, and fate of those other pollutants. In this study, we employ carbamazepine (CBZ) as the contaminant to stud...

  • Review
  • Open Access
30 Citations
4,404 Views
18 Pages

Estimation of the Inhaled Dose of Pollutants in Different Micro-Environments: A Systematic Review of the Literature

  • Francesca Borghi,
  • Andrea Spinazzè,
  • Simone Mandaglio,
  • Giacomo Fanti,
  • Davide Campagnolo,
  • Sabrina Rovelli,
  • Marta Keller,
  • Andrea Cattaneo and
  • Domenico Maria Cavallo

12 June 2021

Recently, the need to assess personal exposure in different micro-environments has been highlighted. Further, estimating the inhaled dose of pollutants is considerably one of the most interesting parameters to be explored to complete the fundamental...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,838 Views
11 Pages

11 June 2021

Arsenic (As) exists as highly toxic chemical species. Chronic exposure to its inorganic form can cause multiple organ failure and skin cancer in humans, warranting the need to determine the toxicity of each chemical species. This study evaluated the...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
8,098 Views
20 Pages

A Quantitative 1H NMR Method for Screening Cannabinoids in CBD Oils

  • Ines Barthlott,
  • Andreas Scharinger,
  • Patricia Golombek,
  • Thomas Kuballa and
  • Dirk W. Lachenmeier

10 June 2021

Toxicologically relevant levels of the psychoactive ∆9-tetrahydocannabinol (∆9-THC) as well as high levels of non-psychoactive cannabinoids potentially occur in CBD (cannabidiol) oils. For consumer protection in the fast-growing CBD oil market, facil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,074 Views
18 Pages

Acute and Cumulative Effects of Repeated Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on the Liver and Kidney Function among Egyptian Adolescents

  • Ahmed A. Ismail,
  • Olfat Hendy,
  • Gaafar Abdel Rasoul,
  • James R. Olson,
  • Matthew R. Bonner and
  • Diane S. Rohlman

10 June 2021

Background: There is a paucity of research that tracks changes in liver and kidney function among pesticide applicators. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of repeated seasonal exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpy...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,513 Views
18 Pages

Food Contaminants Effects on an In Vitro Model of Human Intestinal Epithelium

  • Marion Guibourdenche,
  • Johanna Haug,
  • Noëllie Chevalier,
  • Madeleine Spatz,
  • Nicolas Barbezier,
  • Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard and
  • Pauline M. Anton

9 June 2021

Pesticide residues represent an important category of food contaminants. Furthermore, during food processing, some advanced glycation end-products resulting from the Maillard reaction can be formed. They may have adverse health effects, in particular...

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Toxics - ISSN 2305-6304