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Dentistry Journal, Volume 13, Issue 10

2025 October - 46 articles

Cover Story: Apicoectomy is a standard procedure for treating persistent periapical infections. Navigated surgery provides help in complex cases with low visability. The present in vitro study shows a comparison of conventional apicoectomy with a dynamically guided approach. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of dynamic navigation. Our study demonstrated that the navigated approach provides an enhancement in the accuracy of root-end resection and a reduction in the volume of the access cavity. This enhanced precision shows the potential of dynamic navigation as a viable alternative for complex cases. The study highlights the challenges of clinical implementation and emphasizes that, although dynamic navigation offers advantages, its introduction depends on its integration into efficient workflows. View this paper
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Articles (46)

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
1,409 Views
21 Pages

21 October 2025

Background and Objectives: Adequate peri-implant soft tissue dimensions are essential for health, hygiene, and esthetics. When ridge volume is sufficient, phenotype modification may avoid bone grafting. This case report describes a pedicled roll flap...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,963 Views
14 Pages

In Vitro Evaluation of Tooth Enamel Abrasion and Roughness Using Toothpaste with and Without Activated Charcoal: An SEM Analysis

  • Fiorella Thais Aquino Carmen,
  • Renzo Jesús Pro Romero,
  • Alexander Roger Espinoza Salcedo and
  • Paul Martín Herrera-Plasencia

21 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Dental enamel constitutes the first barrier of defense against external factors that constantly generate wear and damage. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the abrasion and roughness of dental enamel using toothpaste with a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
705 Views
17 Pages

Psychological Experiences of Ocular Trauma and Traumatic Dental Injury Victims of Police Violence

  • Gonzalo Rojas-Alcayaga,
  • Andrea Herrera,
  • Camila Corral Nuñez,
  • Joaquín Varas,
  • Sebastián Córdova,
  • Carolina Lineros and
  • Matías Ríos-Erazo

20 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Ocular trauma (OT) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) inflicted by police officers not only cause significant physical harm, but also psychological trauma. The clinical attention given by health care teams may induce revictimi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,243 Views
13 Pages

Assessment of Common Oral Behaviors in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Their Relationship to Psychosocial Factors

  • Nguyen Ngoc Hoa,
  • Hoang Viet Hai,
  • Tran Thai Binh,
  • To Thanh Dong,
  • Tran Thi Minh Quyen and
  • Toan Do

20 October 2025

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) exhibit a complex relationship with depression, anxiety disorders, and oral behaviors. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the differences in oral behaviors among subgroups of TMD-related pain and...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,179 Views
19 Pages

Salivary Biomarkers as Prognostic Tools in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Survival and Progression Outcomes

  • Matteo Pellegrini,
  • Maurizio Pascadopoli,
  • Mario Romolo Faretta,
  • Alessandro Nobili,
  • Carlos Pérez-Albacete Martínez,
  • Francesco Spadari and
  • Andrea Scribante

17 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains associated with poor survival, and conventional prognostic indicators such as TNM staging provide limited accuracy. Saliva has emerged as a promising liquid biopsy, but evidence regar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
825 Views
15 Pages

17 October 2025

Objective: This study aimed to compare two protocols for immediate implants with fixed provisional restoration, no grafting (trimodal approach = TA) versus grafting in both the osseous gap and peri-implant mucosa (a trimodal approach with modificatio...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2,012 Views
26 Pages

Modified Coronally Advanced Flaps: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Miriana Gualtieri,
  • Annarita Signoriello,
  • Alessia Pardo,
  • Diana Andreea Muresan,
  • Alessandro Zangani,
  • Paolo Faccioni,
  • Giovanni Corrocher and
  • Giorgio Lombardo

17 October 2025

Background: Gingival recession (GR) is defined as the exposure of the root surface due to the gingival margin shifting apically from the cemento-enamel junction. Current effective management of defects related to GR relies on root coverage periodonta...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,650 Views
14 Pages

17 October 2025

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate (APC) produced through blood centrifugation. Despite the development of various centrifugation systems, protocol variability continues to pose challenges in selecting the op...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,523 Views
11 Pages

17 October 2025

Background: To examine the association between the number and location of missing teeth and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well as self-assessed general health in a convenience sample of Austrian dental patients, and to evaluate the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,084 Views
9 Pages

Effects of Chewing Gum on Plaque Index: A 3-Dimensional Colorimetric Analysis

  • Luca Levrini,
  • Piero Antonio Zecca,
  • Virginia Bellora,
  • Alessandro Deppieri,
  • Stefano Saran,
  • Nicola Giannotta and
  • Andrea Carganico

17 October 2025

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of xylitol- and fluoride-containing chewing gum in reducing dental plaque using a novel 3D colorimetric analysis, and to compare results with the Plaque Control Record (PCR). Methods: An acut...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
1,849 Views
11 Pages

16 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Vascular Malformation—Osteolytic Subtype (VMOS) is an exceptionally rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous pathogenic variants in the ELMO2 gene, with fewer than ten genetically confirmed pediatric cases r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
497 Views
17 Pages

Xenograft-Induced Damage and Synechiae Formation in the Maxillary Sinus Mucosa: A Retrospective Histological Analysis in Rabbits

  • Yasushi Nakajima,
  • Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman,
  • Ermenegildo Federico De Rossi,
  • Eiki Osaka,
  • Daniele Botticelli,
  • Erick Ricardo Silva,
  • Samuel Porfirio Xavier and
  • Shunsuke Baba

16 October 2025

Background: During maxillary sinus floor augmentation, the elevated sinus mucosa may come into close contact with the pristine mucosa. The presence of xenograft granules can lead to unintended mechanical and biological interactions between the two la...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,960 Views
19 Pages

Comparative Evaluation of SLA and DLP 3D Printing in Dental Implant Guides: Impact on Fabrication Accuracy, Speed, and Resin Usage

  • Michel Beyer,
  • Lena Scheller,
  • Alexandru Victor Burde,
  • Sead Abazi,
  • Adelita Sommacal,
  • Lukas Seifert,
  • Neha Sharma and
  • Florian Markus Thieringer

16 October 2025

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies such as Stereolithography (SLA) and Digital Light Processing (DLP) are widely used in dental implantology for the fabrication of surgical guides. While both methods offer clinical viability, th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
880 Views
13 Pages

15 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Composite resins are widely used restorative materials, but their surface properties may be altered by bleaching procedures. This study aimed to compare the effects of two bleaching techniques—light-activated (zoom) and d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
569 Views
17 Pages

From Break-Even Point to Dynamic Regenerative Balance: A Conceptual and Quantitative Framework Based on Preclinical Rabbit Sinus Lift Data

  • Daniele Botticelli,
  • Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman,
  • Samuel Porfirio Xavier,
  • Erick Ricardo Silva,
  • Yasushi Nakajima and
  • Shunsuke Baba

15 October 2025

Background: Traditional parameters such as bone-to-implant contact percentage (BIC%) provide only static insights into implant integration and do not reflect the temporal dynamics of bone regeneration. The concept of Dynamic Regenerative Balance (DRB...

  • Article
  • Open Access
688 Views
13 Pages

Periodontists’ Attitudes and Professional Behavior Towards Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Tooth Movement—A U.S. National Survey

  • John J. Schuetz,
  • Trevor D. Richmond,
  • Mark Scarbecz,
  • Ayman Al Dayeh,
  • Sidney Stein and
  • Vrushali Abhyankar

15 October 2025

Background: Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a surgical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and minimize periodontal complications. This study surveyed U.S. periodontists to assess various aspects of the proc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
894 Views
11 Pages

14 October 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to examine the utilization of dental care services according to the health information literacy among Korean adults. Methods: This study used secondary raw data from the 9th National Health and Nutrition Examin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
605 Views
15 Pages

11 October 2025

Background/Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the survival and marginal bone loss (MBL) of sloped-shoulder implants placed in the posterior mandible, and to explore the influence of both patient- and implant-related factors. Mater...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,052 Views
13 Pages

10 October 2025

Objectives: To evaluate dental students’ and recent graduates’ perceptions of the integration, effectiveness, quality, and clinical relevance of orofacial pain (OFP) and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) education in the Oral Medicine (O...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
760 Views
11 Pages

Comparison of Conventional Root Tip Resection with Digitally Guided Resection—An In Vitro Study

  • Paul Kübel,
  • Aydin Gülses,
  • Juliane Wagner,
  • Cedric Hinrichs,
  • Jörg Wiltfang and
  • Johannes Spille

10 October 2025

Background/Objectives: In oral and maxillofacial surgery, apicoectomy is a standard procedure for treating persistent periapical infections after insufficient conservative treatment. Traditional techniques rely on direct visualization, while navigate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
871 Views
11 Pages

Preliminary Assessment of a Hybrid Implant Design Submitted to Immediate Placement with Abutment Exposure: A Pilot Study in One Dog Model

  • Carlos Araujo,
  • Maria Angelica Araujo,
  • César Augusto Magalhães Benfatti,
  • Anderson Camargo Moreira,
  • Celso Peres Fernandes and
  • Roberta Michels

10 October 2025

Background: Dental implants are widely used to replace missing teeth, particularly in aesthetically sensitive areas. The implant’s macrogeometry is crucial for ensuring primary stability and successful osseointegration. Internal conical connect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,496 Views
12 Pages

Effectiveness of an AI-Assisted Digital Workflow for Complete-Arch Implant Impressions: An In Vitro Comparative Study

  • Marco Tallarico,
  • Mohammad Qaddomi,
  • Elena De Rosa,
  • Carlotta Cacciò,
  • Silvio Mario Meloni,
  • Ieva Gendviliene,
  • Wael Att,
  • Rim Bourgi,
  • Aurea Maria Lumbau and
  • Gabriele Cervino

9 October 2025

Background: The accuracy and consistency of complete-arch digital impressions are fundamental for long-term success of implant-supported rehabilitations. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tools, such as SmartX (Medit Link v3.4.2, MEDIT...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,062 Views
21 Pages

Densifying the Future: A Critical Review of Osseodensification and Implant Dentistry

  • Rafael Ortiz,
  • Paulo Maurício and
  • Paulo Sobral Mascarenhas

9 October 2025

Osseodensification (OD) compacts trabecular bone during implant site preparation rather than removing it, potentially enhancing primary stability versus conventional drilling. This review critically appraised clinical and preclinical evidence for OD&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
760 Views
16 Pages

Comparison of Long-Term Oral Bacterial Flora Before and After Orthognathic Surgery in Surgical Orthodontic Treatment

  • Rumi Matsumoto,
  • Masahiro Takahashi,
  • Kazuyoshi Hosomichi,
  • Satoko Okuwaki,
  • So Koizumi,
  • Yu Hikita,
  • Reina Hatanaka and
  • Tetsutaro Yamaguchi

8 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Multi-bracket appliances are essential in surgical orthodontic treatment, and perioperative oral management during orthognathic surgery is critical. Thorough plaque control, appropriate use of antibiotics, and shortening of ope...

  • Article
  • Open Access
751 Views
18 Pages

From Bench to Chairside: Collagen Scaffolds in Combination with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Gingival Augmentation

  • Polina Koteneva,
  • Nastasia Kosheleva,
  • Alexey Fayzullin,
  • Yana Khristidis,
  • Egor Bunin,
  • Yuri Efremov,
  • Diana Zhukova,
  • Sergey Tkachev,
  • Aida Kulova and
  • Peter Timashev
  • + 3 authors

8 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Gingival tissue deficiencies present significant treatment challenges. We investigated three xenogeneic collagen scaffolds—Fibro-Gide, FibroMATRIX, and Mucoderm—with and without human gingival MSCs for soft tissue a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3,067 Views
17 Pages

Influence of Ultrasonic Activation of Endodontic Irrigants on Microbial Reduction and Postoperative Pain: A Scoping Review of In Vivo Studies

  • Jacob Marx,
  • Corban Ward,
  • Bayler Gunnell,
  • Zachary Marx,
  • Alicia Parry,
  • Samuel Dyal,
  • Amir Mohajeri and
  • Man Hung

8 October 2025

Objective: Root canal irrigation plays a critical role in achieving effective chemomechanical disinfection during endodontic therapy. Conventional syringe irrigation, typically using sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and chlorhexi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,088 Views
17 Pages

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Treating Pregnant Patients Among Dental Professionals in Russia

  • Ksenia Babina,
  • Maria Polyakova,
  • Irina Makeeva,
  • Inna Sokhova,
  • Anna Mikheikina,
  • Alexandr Zaytsev and
  • Nina Novozhilova

6 October 2025

Objectives: The study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practices of dentists towards treating pregnant patients. Methods: It was based on a cross-sectional, electronically administered survey of a convenience sample of Russian dentists conducted bet...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
610 Views
16 Pages

6 October 2025

Background: Silver fluoride medicaments effectively arrest caries progression but cause permanent staining. Nanoparticles are increasingly utilised in paediatric dentistry due to their antimicrobial properties. Aim: This study reports the synthesis a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,095 Views
13 Pages

Oral Health Status in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Scoping Review

  • Leopoldo Mauriello,
  • Alessandro Cuozzo,
  • Vitolante Pezzella,
  • Gaetano Isola,
  • Gianrico Spagnuolo,
  • Vincenzo Iorio-Siciliano,
  • Luca Ramaglia and
  • Andrea Blasi

3 October 2025

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative syndrome which often leads to progressive muscular dysfunction and therefore oral health deterioration. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate oral health status in ALS pat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,315 Views
16 Pages

Proof-of-Concept Digital-Physical Workflow for Clear Aligner Manufacturing

  • Shih-Hao Huang,
  • I-Chiang Chou,
  • Mayur Jiyalal Prajapati,
  • Yu-Hsiang Wang,
  • Po-Kai Le and
  • Cho-Pei Jiang

2 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Clear aligner therapy has become a mainstream alternative to fixed orthodontics due to its versatility. However, the variability in thermoforming and the limited validation of digital workflows remain major barriers to reproduc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,489 Views
17 Pages

2 October 2025

Objectives: Narratives related to root canal treatment on social media can be problematic. This research examines discourses relating to root canal treatment on the popular platform Instagram. Through this analysis, the way different health discourse...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,488 Views
13 Pages

Evaluation of Tooth Color Changes at Different Concentrations of Zirconia Toothpaste: A Pilot In Vitro Study

  • Teuta Pustina,
  • Besir Salihu,
  • Miranda Stavileci,
  • Zana Lila and
  • Jacques Veronneau

1 October 2025

Background: The demand for natural, minimally invasive teeth whitening solutions has led to interest in products using natural abrasives. Zirconium, known for its abrasive properties, has been suggested as a potential whitening agent, but its efficac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
959 Views
10 Pages

Functional Masticatory Angle and Hyoid Bone Position: A Pilot Study on Occlusal Symmetry and Morphofunctional Adaptation

  • Lorena Sigwald-Serpa,
  • Icíar Sanz-Orrio Soler,
  • Laura Marqués-Martínez,
  • Juan-Ignacio Aura-Tormos,
  • Esther García-Miralles and
  • Clara Guinot-Barona

1 October 2025

Background: The hyoid bone is a key anatomical structure involved in the functional coordination of the stomatognathic system. Although its position may vary in response to masticatory patterns, its relationship with functional occlusion remains insu...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
849 Views
22 Pages

Gingivo-Periodontal Alterations in Pediatric Leukemia: A Comparative Analysis of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17α and TGF-β1 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma

  • Alina Adumitroaie,
  • Larisa Ghemiș,
  • Vasilica Toma,
  • Ancuta Goriuc,
  • Oana Tanculescu,
  • Melissa Entuc,
  • Simina Vacariu and
  • Liliana Georgeta Foia

30 September 2025

Background/Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the oral health status associated with levels of certain inflammatory biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma of children and adolescents with leukemia, in comparison to healthy...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2,547 Views
22 Pages

Endodontic Surgery for Separated Instrument Removal: Success Rates and Techniques in a Systematic Review

  • Mario Dioguardi,
  • Ciro Guerra,
  • Khrystyna Zhurakivska,
  • Diego Sovereto,
  • Lorenzo Lo Muzio,
  • Angelo Martella,
  • Andrea Ballini,
  • Eleonora Lo Muzio and
  • Stefania Cantore

30 September 2025

Background: Instrument separation is a frequent issue in root canals, often complicated by intriguing anatomical variations that make treatment more challenging. These variations in canal structure can lead to various iatrogenic complications, such a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2,137 Views
12 Pages

Vitamin D in Peri-Implant and Periodontal Tissue

  • Felipe de Souza Duarte,
  • Nathália Dantas Duarte,
  • Gabriel Mulinari-Santos,
  • Paula Buzo Frigério,
  • Roberta Okamoto,
  • Rogerio Leone Buchaim,
  • Daniela Vieira Buchaim and
  • João Paulo Mardegan Issa

30 September 2025

This review aims to provide an overview of the role of vitamin D in peri-implant and periodontal tissue. Electronic searches were carried out of the PubMed/Medline database. Since this is a narrative review, no systematic search, meta-analysis, or st...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
776 Views
15 Pages

Mechanical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Chitosan-Coated Elastomeric Orthodontic Modules

  • Lucía Gabriela Beltrán-Novelo,
  • Fernando Javier Aguilar-Pérez,
  • Myriam Angélica De La Garza-Ramos,
  • Arturo Abraham Cienfuegos-Sarmiento,
  • José Rubén Herrera-Atoche,
  • Martha Gabriela Chuc-Gamboa,
  • Jacqueline Adelina Rodríguez-Chávez and
  • Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez

29 September 2025

Background/Objectives: Orthodontic appliances disrupt oral biofilm homeostasis, leading to an increase in plaque and disease risk. Elastomeric modules (EMs) promote bacterial growth due to their material composition. Surface coatings have been develo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,206 Views
28 Pages

Fluoride Levels in Austrian Drinking Water Are Insufficient for Effective Caries Prevention

  • Alice Blufstein,
  • Elias Salzmann,
  • Bledar Lilaj,
  • Rinet Dauti,
  • Oleh Andrukhov and
  • Andrea Nell

29 September 2025

Background/Objectives: Fluorides play a well-established role in preventing dental caries, primarily by enhancing enamel resistance and inhibiting demineralization. Drinking water is among the most important sources of systemic fluoride intake. In 19...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,117 Views
11 Pages

Assessment of Anxiety and Local Anesthesia Experiences in Dental Students Using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS)

  • Emilia Bologa,
  • Andra Claudia Tărăboanță-Gamen,
  • Ionuț Tărăboanță,
  • Otilia Boișteanu,
  • Alexandra-Lorina Platon,
  • Șerban-Ovidiu Stelea,
  • Ana-Maria Andreea Simionescu,
  • Anca Irina Grădinariu,
  • Alina Jehac and
  • Carmen Gabriela Stelea
  • + 1 author

28 September 2025

Background and Objectives: Dental anxiety can hinder both treatment delivery and dental education. Few studies have examined this issue among Romanian dental students. This study assessed the prevalence, intensity, and main procedural triggers of den...

  • Article
  • Open Access
514 Views
10 Pages

28 September 2025

Background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires characterize the impact of oral conditions. However, similar summary scores of abbreviated instruments may obscure differences in how oral diseases affect specific OHRQoL compone...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,313 Views
15 Pages

27 September 2025

Background/Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of fluoride-free toothpaste, fluoride-containing toothpaste, and a color-correcting gel on the morphology, composition, and mechanical properties of demineralized human enamel. The hypo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
761 Views
25 Pages

Synergistic Effects of Polyphenols and Stannous Ions on Pellicle Modification and Erosion Protection In Situ

  • Jasmin Flemming,
  • Melina Meier,
  • Vanessa Schmitt,
  • Christian Hannig and
  • Matthias Hannig

26 September 2025

Background: Stannous ions and polyphenols are effective substances in preventive dentistry. The present study’s aim was to investigate whether a combination of these substance groups can achieve increased efficacy. Methods: Initial biofilm form...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,811 Views
18 Pages

Impact of Modern Communication in Transforming Dental Care

  • Jasmine Cheuk Ying Ho,
  • Hollis Haotian Chai,
  • Michelle Zeping Huang,
  • Edward Chin Man Lo and
  • Chun Hung Chu

25 September 2025

Background: Effective dentist–patient communication is pivotal for quality dental care and patient satisfaction. Advances in technology, such as the application of digital dentistry, have modernized how dentists and patients interact. Objective...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,232 Views
26 Pages

Evaluating the Clinical Success of Clear Aligners for Rotational Tooth Movements in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review

  • Giulia Benedetti,
  • Nicolò Sicca,
  • Gaia Lopponi,
  • Claudia Dettori,
  • Alessio Verdecchia and
  • Enrico Spinas

24 September 2025

Objectives: Despite the widespread adoption of clear aligner therapy (CAT), its effectiveness in managing rotations remains debated. This systematic review aims to evaluate rotational accuracy in adults and the influence of treatment variables—...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,431 Views
20 Pages

24 September 2025

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), either as single agents or in combination with other drugs, have become a gold standard in many oncological pathologies. The identification, analysis, and clinical management of their multiple and various systemic a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,987 Views
12 Pages

Fluoride Release, Recharge, and Mass Stability of Restorative Dental Materials: An In Vitro Study

  • Md Sofiqul Islam,
  • Vivek Padmanabhan,
  • Ghaid Koniali,
  • Mohannad Zain Alabdin,
  • Smriti Aryal Ac,
  • Nada Tawfig Hashim,
  • Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed and
  • Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman

23 September 2025

Background/Objectives: Fluoride ion plays a crucial role in protecting teeth against caries by re-mineralizing the caries lesion. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the fluoride release and recharge of restorative dental material...

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Dent. J. - ISSN 2304-6767