Children, Volume 12, Issue 8

Background: Parapneumonic effusion is a common complication of community-acquired pneumonia and can range from a simple inflammatory transudate to an organized purulent collection, known as empyema. Progression to empyema significantly worsens the pr...

Background: Given the limited research on mitochondrial diseases in our area, specifically regarding their genetic variability and diverse clinical manifestations, and considering the significant number of consanguineous marriages in our region, we a...

Background: Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular protein involved in kidney fibrosis, potentially influencing the progression of proteinuria. However, its potential as a predictive biomarker for proteinuria events in children with chronic kidn...

Background/Objectives: Sugar added to pediatric oral medications may increase the risk of dental caries and erosion. Parental awareness and practices play a crucial role in minimizing the oral health risks associated with such medications. Therefore,...

Background/objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the overall efficacy and treatment outcomes of CROs in the treatment of isolated deformational plagiocephaly and investigate the variables that influence treatment efficacy. Methods: Thi...

Background/Objectives: Anxiety is a hallmark feature of Williams syndrome (WS), with very high prevalence rates of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and specific phobias in both school-aged children and adults, yet a relatively lower prevalence of s...

Background/Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate stress levels in pediatric patients classified as definitely negative according to the Frankl scale by measuring salivary cortisol concentrations. Additionally, the study assessed the impact o...

Background: Adverse early childhood developmental outcomes across physical, cognitive, language, communication, and socioemotional domains are major global health concerns. This systematic review aimed to synthesise perinatal and childhood risk facto...

Background: This systematic review aims to summarize the most recent data from the literature on the psychological aspects of parents of children prenatally diagnosed with congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods: A comprehensive literature search wa...

Background: Adolescence is a critical period of physical, psychological, and social development, during which athletes are particularly vulnerable to stress and injuries. Competitive anxiety has been identified as a psychological factor that may incr...

Background and objective: Thiopurines (azathioprine (AZA) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)), used to maintain remission in inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (CU)) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), are responsible fo...

Background/Objectives: The emergence of biologic therapies has transformed the management of severe asthma, offering targeted treatments that improve symptom control and reduce exacerbations. However, taking a biologic solely based on the initial res...

Background/Objectives: The initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding depend on internal and external factors that can either support or hinder its success. This study aimed to examine the association between hospital-based perinatal practices and t...

Background: IgA vasculitis (IgAV) represents the most frequently seen form of vasculitis among children. Although it often resolves without intervention, renal involvement (IgAV nephritis) poses a risk for long-term complications. Although the lectin...

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the added value of 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in pediatric LCH compared to other imaging modalities (CT and MRI) at initial staging, during assessment of disease reactivation, and after treatm...

Background/Objective: Penicillin allergy labels (PALs) contribute to broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Thorough documentation can help prescribers identify and remove unnecessary PALs. We aimed to improve documentation of PALs in three pediatric urgent...

Objectives: Type1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in pediatric age. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to improve glycaemic control in adults compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG); however, evid...

Introduction: Amniotic fluid (AF) plays a pivotal role in foetal gastrointestinal development by delivering bioactive factors that support intestinal maturation. However, the redox environment of AF and its potential contribution to foetal intestinal...

Purpose: In 2020, a lockdown due to COVID-19 was ordered by the German government, resulting in population-wide restrictions. In this retrospective study, we question the extent to which health policy restrictions have influenced medical diagnoses. M...

Background/Objectives: Despite global efforts to promote moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among youth, limited evidence exists regarding adolescents’ knowledge of official physical activity (PA) guidelines. The aim of this study wa...

Background/Objectives: Traditional models like ordinary least squares (OLS) struggle to capture non-linear relationships in children’s subjective well-being (SWB), which is associated with physical activity. This study evaluated machine learnin...

Background/Objectives: Newborn heart rate is an integral part of resuscitation algorithms, but the impact of ECG monitoring on resuscitative interventions and clinical outcomes has been identified as a knowledge gap. The objective was to evaluate the...

Background: Chicken pox is a rare but serious condition in neonates—often regarded as a common childhood illness with mild symptoms—yet it can lead to severe complications, especially in the perinatal period. Neonatal varicella may presen...

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic, immune-mediated condition requiring lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. In children, CD can negatively impact not only physical health but also psychological well-being and quality of life. The burd...

Diverse realities challenge the management capacity of public and private systems to ensure equitable quality and efficient access to resources, in line with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, which aim to close gaps in essential...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges in social interaction, communication and emotional regulation. Recent research has explored the potential influence of anime consumption among children with ASD, and the current findings sugge...

Background: Mobility plays a fundamental role in causal reasoning (causal inference or cause–effect learning), which is essential for brain development at early ages. Children naturally develop causal reasoning through interaction with their en...

Background and Objectives: Congenital abnormalities are a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and are frequently detectable through prenatal ultrasound. While widely implemented in high-income countries, such screening remains inconsist...

Background and Aim: Atresia is the most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus, with an increased risk of complications after surgical correction. The aim of our study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with early and late postoperative...

Objectives: Melatonin regulates the sleep–wake cycle, which may be altered in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim is to analyze whether blood and urine melatonin levels are related to sleep quality in children...

Recent documents from leading international pediatric respiratory societies have strongly encouraged the use of lung function tests in clinical practice and research. These tests can explore ventilatory function across its volumetric and temporal dom...

Background: In 2016, the neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) changed its recommendation to perform endotracheal suctioning in non-vigorous neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). The objective of this study is to compare outcom...

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that delivery by caesarean section predisposes to wheezing in early childhood, but the effect may differ between boys and girls. Such sex-specific differences remain insufficiently explored to date, particularly...

Background/Objectives: Research has shown that those who experience childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at increased risk of subsequent sexual revictimization. Multiple sexual victimizations can lead to higher rates of depression, anxiety, trauma, and s...

Background/Objectives: Chronic pain symptoms can disrupt cognitive processes. Such interruptions may negatively impact one’s overall functioning, causing frustration and distress when engaging in important tasks. This experience has been referr...

The family-centred Early Intervention model based on routines and natural environments has been widely supported by international evidence in recent decades. Within this framework, Family-Centred Practices (FCP) and their development in natural envir...

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent, multifactorial, and often underdiagnosed condition with significant consequences for cognitive and behavioral development. Early detection and timely multidisciplinary interventions are e...

Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) includes significant feeding difficulties, behavioral issues, and communication deficits that are linked to serious medical complications and developmental challenges. The Brief Autism Mealtime Be...

Introduction: Pathophysiological pathways—or endotypes—leading to prematurity can be clustered into two groups: infection/inflammation and dysfunctional placentation. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies ex...

Background/Objectives: Moderate or severe asthma exacerbations may require pharmacological interventions in addition to standard treatment. In this context, magnesium sulfate has been proposed as a second-line therapeutic option, owing to its physiol...

The etiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) remains incompletely understood, but it is widely recognized as the result of a complex interplay among multiple contributing mechanisms, often emerging during childhood. This narrative review...

Background: Resilience is associated with improved outcomes in adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet little is known about its relationship to health-related quality of life and disease characteristics in pediatric-onset IBD. Methods: This pros...

Background/Objectives: Official data on the oral health of young children in Romania are limited, especially concerning the societal shifts following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to compare the oral health status, hygiene habits, diet, and...

Background/Objectives: Despite growing interest in giftedness, the differences in daily participation between gifted and typically developing children remain understudied and insufficiently understood. Exploring these differences may provide valuable...

Background and Objectives: Sleep complaints are particularly relevant in the development of children, affecting cognitive development, neuropsychological functioning, and learning abilities. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to determine th...

Background/Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants, often resulting in prolonged neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stays and significant parental stress. The experiences of parents navigating...

Background: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may experience chronic pain, contributing to psychological distress. Objective: The objective was to assess neuropsychological functions and behavioral skills in patients with JIA and iden...

Introduction: Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Pediatrics (PICS-P) for families is a growing concern as receiving care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) improves child survival. PICU parental stress may cause post-discharge psychiatric sympt...

Background/Objectives: Parenting stress is associated with parent and child mental health problems and has increased since the beginning of COVID-19. Research on paternal parenting stress is sparse—even if family models are changing increasingl...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disease of multifactorial etiologies, manifesting as persistent challenges in social interactions, restrictive interests, and repetitive behaviors. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD...