Biomolecules, Volume 12, Issue 12

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which the overproduction of reactive oxygen species plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and persistence of inflammatory lesions. Phototherapy represents one of the most used therapeutic...

Leishmaniasis is a highly prevalent, yet neglected disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. In the search for newer, safer, and more effective antileishmanial compounds, we herein present a study of the mode of action in additio...

Cancer metabolic reprogramming is essential for maintaining cancer cell survival and rapid replication. A common target of this metabolic reprogramming is one-carbon metabolism which is notable for its function in DNA synthesis, protein and DNA methy...

Background: Despite the existence of a wide variety of anti-inflammatory drugs, the vast majority are classified as steroidal or non-steroidal. Both classes present a variety of side effects that limit usage. Thus, the search for new molecules with a...

Polysaccharides isolated from Lentinula edodes are bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory properties. In our previous studies from L. edodes mycelium, we have isolated a selenium(Se)-enriched fraction (named Se-Le-30), a mixture of linear 1,4-&alp...

GPR15 plays an important role in lymphocyte homing and is a key immune molecule to maintain organ immune homeostasis. Yet, no study on the association between GPR15 and Graves’ disease (GD) is available. In this study, we systematically investi...

Myocarditis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can cause sudden death in the acute phase, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with chronic heart failure as its major long-term outcome. However, the molecular mechanisms beyond the acu...

Polyphenols, as secondary metabolites from plants, possess a natural antioxidant capacity and biological activities attributed to their chemical and structural characteristics. Due to their mostly polar character, polyphenols present a low solubility...

With the increased frequency of red ginseng extract (RGE) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) co-administration, we aimed to investigate the interactions between RGE and LAB with regard to in vitro and in vivo deglycosylation metabolism and the pharmacoki...

Irisin is a hormone able to reproduce some of the positive effects of physical activity and diet. Recently, we demonstrated the presence of Irisin at the ovarian level as a potential physiological regulator of follicular function. Adipose tissue is c...

Biomembranes, important building blocks of living organisms, are often exposed to large local fluctuations of pH and ionic strength. To capture changes in the membrane organization under such harsh conditions, we investigated the mobility and hydrati...

The aim of this study was to establish the influence of flavonoid-enriched diets on the immune alterations induced by an intensive training and a final exhaustion test in rats. A flavanol-enriched diet (with 10% cocoa, C10 diet) and a flavanol and fl...

Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) is one of the most common spotted fever Rickettsioses. Most cases of MSF follow a benign course, with a minority of cases being fatal. The severity of the infection depends on bacterial virulence, dose and host facto...

Mitochondria calcium is a double-edged sword. While low levels of calcium are essential to maintain optimal rates of ATP production, extreme levels of calcium overcoming the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity leads to loss of mitochondrial func...

(1) Objective: We aimed to mine cuproptosis-related LncRNAs with prognostic value and construct a corresponding prognostic model using machine learning. External validation of the model was performed in the ICGC database and in multiple renal cancer...

Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis....

Corneal diseases are the most common eye disorders. Deep learning techniques are used to perform automated diagnoses of cornea. Deep learning networks require large-scale annotated datasets, which is conceded as a weakness of deep learning. In this w...

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are important in both normal and disease states. Small molecules can be targeted to disordered regions, but we currently have only a limited understanding of the nature of small-molecule binding sites in IDPs....

Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) has been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid media and plays a role in encapsulating and degrading the amyloid β (Aβ) monomer, thus regulating the levels of Aβ monomers. The current work illustrates a fir...

The purpose of this work is to identify mitochondrial optic nerve (ON) lipid alterations associated with sonication-induced traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Briefly, a mouse model of indirect TON was generated using sound energy concentrated focally...

Novel constructed bioactive mixed-ligand complexes (1b) [Cu^II(L)₂(phen)] and (2b) [Zn^II(L)₂(phen)] {where, L = 2-(4-morpholinobenzylideneamino)phenol), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline} have been structurally analysed by various analytical and spectroscopi...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Its soluble receptor (sVEGFR) is a potent VEGF antagonist. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a diverse array...

Molecular farming utilizes plants as a platform for producing recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Duckweed, the smallest and fastest growing aquatic plant, is a promising candidate for molecular farming. However, the efficiency of current transformation...

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, often occurring in children and adolescents. The etiology of most patients is unclear, and the current conventional treatment methods are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. Howeve...

Cancer cells are more vulnerable to abnormal redox fluctuations due to their imbalanced antioxidant system, where cell surface receptors sense stress and trigger intracellular signal relay. As canonical targets of many targeted therapies, cell recept...

UV-B and UV-A radiation are natural components of solar radiation that can cause plant stress, as well as induce a range of acclimatory responses mediated by photoreceptors. UV-mediated accumulation of flavonoids and glucosinolates is well documented...

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurring in a heritable form (hPVOD) due to biallelic inactivating mutations of EIF2AK4 (encoding GCN2, general control nonderepressible 2) or in a spora...

Background: Colorectal cancers (CRCs) continue to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The exact landscape of the molecular features of TGF-β pathway-inducing CRCs remains uncharacterized. Methods: Unsupervised hierarchical c...

The unique functions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) depend on their dynamic protean structure that often eludes analysis. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) can conduct this difficult analysis by directly visualizing individual...

The use of implant materials is always associated with the risk of infection. Moreover, the effectiveness of antibiotics is reduced due to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Thus, selecting the appropriate alternative antimicrobials for local delivery s...

Pigment production is a unique character of melanocytes. Numerous factors are linked with melanin production, including genetics, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and inflammation. Understanding the mechanism of melanogenesis is crucial to identify new pr...

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic agents, such as Paclitaxel. The main symptoms of CIPN are pain and numbness in the hands and feet. Paclitaxel is believed to accumulate in the dorsa...

Neurodegeneration can benefit from ischemic preconditioning, a natural adaptive reaction to sublethal noxious stimuli. Although there is growing interest in advancing preconditioning to preserve brain function, preconditioning is not yet considered r...

The misuse and abuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry seriously endanger both human health and the continuously healthy development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Plant-derived bioactive compounds (curcumin, capsaicin, quercet...

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and often severe skin disease which is frequently associated with metabolic disorders and increased risk of cardiovascular complications. One of the postulated links is an intensified process of advanced protein gly...

Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) induce inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs) to activate the immune system. To apply CpG ODNs as vaccine adjuvants, the cellular uptake and stability of phospho...

(1) Background: Recently, a number of side chain length variants for tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol have been identified in cannabis; however, the precursor to these molecules would be based upon cannabigerol (CBG). Because CBG, and its side ch...

Absent or reduced physical activity and spontaneous movement over days, weeks, or even years may lead to problems in almost every major organ/system in the human body. In this study, we investigated whether the dysregulation and alteration of plasma...

Purpose: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is an effective therapy for treating type II diabetes (T2D) that has been widely applied in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate the DPP-IV inhibitory properties of ginger protease hydrolysat...

Eosinophil infiltration in esophageal muscularis propria is common in achalasia (AC). This study aims to evaluate the effect of eosinophil infiltration in muscularis propria of the esophagus on esophageal motility in mice. A mouse model with eosinoph...

Micro/nanoplastics, whether manufactured or resulting from environmental degradation, can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal pathways. Previous research has found that nanoplastics with diameters of ≤100 nm can translocate int...

Mitochondria are the energy production center in cells, which regulate aerobic metabolism, calcium balance, gene expression and cell death. Their homeostasis is crucial for cell viability. Although mitochondria own a nucleus-independent and self-repl...

Cytoskeleton proteins have been long recognized as structural proteins that provide the necessary mechanical architecture for cell development and tissue homeostasis. With the completion of the cancer genome project, scientists were surprised to lear...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage and an important risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Interventions at the MCI stage are significant in reducing the occurrence of AD. However, there are still many obstacles to the scr...

Background: The incidence of sporadic young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC) is increasing. Compared with old-onset colorectal cancer (oCRC), yCRC has different clinical and molecular characteristics. However, the difference in the tumor microenvironme...

We have previously shown that spinal pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)/PACAP type 1 (PAC1) receptor signaling triggered long-lasting nociceptive behaviors through astroglial activation in mice. Since astrocyte-neuron lactate...

Acne vulgaris has a pathogenesis that involves increased sebum production and perifollicular inflammation. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) are transcription f...

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are common and often result in lifelong disability. The peripheral nervous system has an inherent ability to regenerate following injury, yet complete functional recovery is rare. Despite advances in the diagnosis and...

Our understanding of how osteocytes, the principal mechanosensors within bone, sense and perceive force remains unclear. Previous work identified “tethering elements” (TEs) spanning the pericellular space of osteocytes and transmitting me...

By denaturing proteins and promoting the formation of multiprotein complexes, protein phosphorylation has important effects on the activity of protein functional molecules and cell signaling. The regulation of protein phosphorylation allows microbes...