Biology, Volume 15, Issue 2

Background: Myocardial fibrosis, a central pathological process leading to heart failure, lacks specific mechanism-based therapies. Although the anti-inflammatory activity of the natural compound protocatechuic acid is recognized, its direct anti-fib...

During tendon healing, collagen III expression precedes that of collagen I. The collagen I-to-III ratio at a certain time point post-laceration serves as an indicator of the healing status. Consequently, it is crucial to understand how different ther...

Biogeochemical element cycling in plant–soil systems is fundamental for ecosystem dynamics and services [...]

Plant viruses cause substantial yield and quality losses worldwide, and their rapid evolution can erode deployed host resistance. This review synthesizes current knowledge of antiviral resistance and tolerance mechanisms, using barley yellow dwarf vi...

Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinoidea), the most species-rich sawfly family, features a controversial subfamily classification, particularly regarding Eriocampa Hartig, 1837, Conaspidia Konow, 1898, and their relatives. In this study, we seque...

Retinal astrocytes reside mainly in the nerve fiber layer and are central to shaping retinal vessels and maintaining neurovascular balance. Derived from the optic nerve head, they spread across the inner retina to form a meshwork that both supports a...

The Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) gene is a member of the Snf1/AMPK serine/threonine kinase family. MELK has recently attracted considerable interest in cancer biology due to its aberrant overexpression in various malignancies, incl...

Cetaceans are artiodactyls adapted to live in the marine environment, and this group includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Although mitochondrial nucleotide diversity has been reported separately for many cetacean groups, the proportion of delete...

This study investigates the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial potential of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) tepal extracts obtained via different solvent systems. Here, a biochemical screening was performed using spectrophotom...

The sensory system plays a critical role in development, as it enables the processing and integration of internal and external stimuli. Dysfunctions in this system lead to sensory processing disorders (SPDs), which affect approximately 5–13% of...

Armillaria mellea (A. mellea) serves as a crucial nutritional source for Gastrodia elata (GE) growth, and its origin directly influences the GE quality and yield. This study analyzed GE symbiotic with A. mellea from different sources using metabolomi...

Understanding how plants respond to water limitation is increasingly important under accelerating climate change. Lycoris aurea, a widely distributed ornamental and medicinal bulbous plant, frequently inhabits environments with fluctuating soil moist...

The persistent expansion in the intensity and scope of human disturbance has become a key driver of global biodiversity loss, affecting wildlife behavior and population stability across multiple dimensions. As a characteristic symbiotic assemblage in...

Chemical contaminants are increasingly detected in freshwater environments, yet the physiological and molecular responses of many non-model freshwater invertebrates to acute chemical stress remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the...

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of progressive hair thinning in adults and has traditionally been viewed as an androgen-driven inherited condition. Genomic research now demonstrates that AGA is a complex polygenic disorder involv...

Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in cancer therapy, accounting for most relapses and contributing substantially to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Several molecular processes are linked to the development of resistance to anticance...

Population size estimates are essential for investigating numerous aspects of the ecology, evolution, and conservation of wildlife. However, the life cycles of many species include cryptic life stages that are difficult to detect or sample, such as t...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key early pathological process in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), leading to oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and neuronal apoptosis prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Although mitochondria represen...

The blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, BSB) is a freshwater economic fish with Chinese characteristics, and its genetic characteristics have unique value for studying fish evolution. The gynogenetic blunt snout bream (GBSB) obtained through...

Orthodontic force magnitude influences angiogenesis during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM); however, the role of senescent cells remains largely unclear. This study investigated the localization of senescent cells and their expression of vascular en...

Sphaerodactylidae play a crucial role in ecosystems, possessing significant ecological, scientific, and conservation value. They contribute to pest control and the maintenance of ecological balance, and also provide abundant materials for research in...

The MATα_HMGbox and HMG-box_ROX1-like domains of the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 proteins, respectively, play essential roles in DNA binding and the subsequent regulation of gene transcription, controlling Ophiocordyceps sinensis sexual reproduction....

Copepods are key components of marine food webs, linking primary producers such as microalgae to higher trophic levels, including many fish species. This study investigates long-term changes in the composition, density, and biomass of copepod communi...

Between 2022 and 2024, a severe branch dieback disease was observed affecting over 6% of sweet cherry trees of the ‘Tieton’ cultivar in commercial greenhouses in southern Liaoning Province, China. Symptoms primarily occurred at the top of...

With the industry development of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus aquaculture, the indoor high cost and low survival rate have become serious problems. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize substrate selection for seedling protection in outdoor p...

Whole-genome duplication, or tetraploidization, occurs in cells, tissues, or entire organisms. In human cancers, tetraploidization promotes aneuploidy and genomic instability, accelerating tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. These ada...

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world; however, drought is a major constraint to its productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to improve plant resistance under conditions of wate...

Tail fat deposition constitutes a distinctive adaptive phenotype in sheep. The Large-tailed Han (LTH) and Small-tailed Han (STH) breeds display pronounced divergence in tail fat storage, offering an ideal model for elucidating lipid metabolism regula...

Mactra antiquata sensu lato, a commercially important clam species in China, exhibits remarkable morphological and molecular diversity, which has led to the proposal of cryptic species within this complex. In the present study, specimens of M. antiqu...

Respiratory diseases remain one of the most significant health challenges in modern swine production, leading to substantial economic losses, compromised animal welfare, and increased antimicrobial use. In recent years, advances in artificial intelli...

Plant organic cation transporters (OCTs) are involved in a variety of beneficial biological processes, such as cadaverine transfer in plants and soil, and play an active role in the formation of plant stress resistance. In this study, 52 OCT family g...

The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a globally distributed agricultural pest. When conducting expression analysis of its functional genes, appropriate reference genes should be selected to ensure the reliability of t...

Background: Honeybees sustain vital ecological roles through foraging behavior, which provides pollination services and is likely regulated by dopamine signaling coupled to brain energy metabolism. However, the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underl...

Broodstock nutrition is a key determinant of reproductive output in marine fishes because lipids support yolk formation, embryonic development, and early larval viability. However, the allocation of lipid classes between fertilized eggs and the egg e...

Kidney cells are exposed to a wide range of physiological and pathological stresses, including hormonal changes, mechanical forces, hypoxia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation. These insults can trigger adaptive responses, but when they persist, they ca...

Thrips are cosmopolitan agricultural pests and important vectors of plant viruses, and the increasing coexistence of multiple morphologically similar species has intensified the demand for species-specific molecular identification. However, tradition...

Olfaction is essential for key insect behaviors, such as host-seeking and mating, and is initiated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), which bind and transport hydrophobic odors. Thrips hawaiiensis is a major pest that infests the flowers of numerous...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline. Animal models that replicate PD’s clinical features are essential for therapeutic rese...

Some Sacoglossa sea slugs are capable of stealing and maintaining functional intracellular chloroplasts—kleptoplasts—from their macroalgal prey for periods of up to several months, a process known as kleptoplasty. Although the cultivation...

Cancer progression is driven not only by biochemical signals but also by abnormal physical forces within a stiffened tumor microenvironment. This review re-examines the anticancer compound sulforaphane (SFN) through the integrative lens of tumor biom...

Alkane is a predominant wax component, whose production requires the aids of CER1 and CER3. In rice, OsCER1 and OsCER3 are present in multiple copies. Until now, the roles of these genes have been studied individually; however, a systematic compariso...

Cupressus duclouxiana is an ecologically and economically important conifer endemic to southwestern China (e.g., central Yunnan and southern Sichuan), yet its potential distribution under future climate change remains insufficiently understood. In th...

The dung beetle family Geotrupidae (Scarabaeoidea) plays a vital ecological role in nutrient cycling and soil health, yet the scarcity of complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) data has hindered phylogenetic and comparative studies within this fa...

Several studies have demonstrated that methionine supplementation in fish diets enhances immune status, inflammatory response, and resistance to bacterial infections by modulating for DNA methylation, aminopropylation, and transsulfuration pathways....

Background: Organ transplant offers patients a second chance at life, yet chronic rejection remains a formidable barrier to long-term success. Unlike the instantaneous storm of acute rejection, chronic rejection is a slow, unremitting process that si...

Duckweed has attracted considerable attention for its high protein content, rapid growth, and broad potential in biotechnological applications. Understanding key phenotypic traits is crucial for unlocking and maximizing this potential. While most stu...

Maize (Zea mays L.), a vital crop for global food and economic security, faces intensifying biotic and abiotic stresses driven by climate change, including drought, heat, and erratic rainfall. This review synthesizes emerging biotechnology-driven str...

Monitoring epibiotic communities on the invasive red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the Barents Sea is crucial for understanding the co-adaptation between this species and the local benthic fauna. Red king crabs were collected during regul...

Tibetan sheep, a unique breed indigenous to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, exhibit remarkable adaptations to high-altitude hypoxia, and their muscle quality is a key economic determinant. However, the molecular mechanisms by which exercise regulate...

Natural recruitment of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) often persists in degraded estuaries, yet the environmental thresholds enabling this resilience remain quantitatively undefined. We employed binomial generalized additive model (GAM) couple...